Teaching Mathematics Effectively for the 21st Century

Presentasi berjudul: "Teaching Mathematics Effectively for the 21st Century"— Transcript presentasi:

1 Teaching Mathematics Effectively for the 21st Century
Yeap Ban-Har, Ph.D. National Institute of Education Nanyang Technological University Singapore

2 Catholic High School (Primary)
The MPK Lecture Teaching Mathematics Effectively to Engage Students for the 21st Century

3 introduction Wellington Primary School

4 Task Move 3 sticks to make 2 squares.

5 Task Move 3 sticks to make 2 squares.

6 Task Move 3 sticks to make 2 squares.

7 Task Move 3 sticks to make 3 squares.

8 Task Move 3 sticks to make 3 squares.

9 Task Move 3 sticks to make 3 squares.

10 A Problem from Singapore Classroom
88 children took part in a swimming competition. 1/3 of the boys and 3/7 of the girls wore swimming goggles. Altogether 34 children wore swimming goggles. How many girls wore swimming goggles on that day? Fairfield Methodist Primary School 88 anak mengikuti perlombaan berenang. 1/3 anak laki-laki dan 3/7 anak perempuan memakai kacamata renang. Total ada 34 anak yang memakai kacamata renang. Berapa jumlah anak perempuan yang memakai kacamata renang pada hari itu?

11 A Problem from Singapore Classroom
88 anak mengikuti perlombaan berenang. 1/3 anak laki-laki dan 3/7 anak perempuan memakai kacamata renang. Total ada 34 anak yang memakai kacamata renang. Berapa jumlah anak perempuan yang memakai kacamata renang pada hari itu? Fairfield Methodist Primary School

12 How many girls wore swimming goggles on that day?
88 anak mengikuti perlombaan berenang. 1/3 anak laki-laki dan 3/7 anak perempuan memakai kacamata renang. Total ada 34 anak yang memakai kacamata renang. Berapa jumlah anak perempuan yang memakai kacamata renang pada hari itu? 88 children took part in a swimming competition. 1/3 of the boys and 3/7 of the girls wore swimming goggles. Altogether 34 children wore swimming goggles. How many girls wore swimming goggles on that day?

13 How many girls wore swimming goggles on that day?
88 anak mengikuti perlombaan berenang. 1/3 anak laki-laki dan 3/7 anak perempuan memakai kacamata renang. Total ada 34 anak yang memakai kacamata renang. Berapa jumlah anak perempuan yang memakai kacamata renang pada hari itu? 88 34 54 88 children took part in a swimming competition. 1/3 of the boys and 3/7 of the girls wore swimming goggles. Altogether 34 children wore swimming goggles. How many girls wore swimming goggles on that day?

14 34 – 20 = 14 54 – 34 = 20 34 54

15 21 anak perempuan memakai kacamata renang
3 x 7 = 21 21 girls wear goggles. 21 anak perempuan memakai kacamata renang Kurikulum yang membantu murid-murid dengan kemampuan biasa / rata-rata mencapai prestasi yang tinggi. A Curriculum That Helps Average Students Reach High Achievement

16

17 Mathematics Curriculum Framework
Mathematical Problem Solving Attitudes Metacognition Processes Concepts Skills Numerical Algebraic Geometrical Statistical Probabilistic Analytical Reasoning, communication & connections Thinking skills & heuristics Application & modelling Numerical calculation Algebraic manipulation Spatial visualization Data analysis Measurement Use of mathematical tools Estimation Monitoring of one’s own thinking Self-regulation of learning Beliefs Interest Appreciation Confidence Perseverance

18 TIMSS Trends in International Maths and Science Studies 1995 2003 2007
Grade 4 Advanced 38 38 41 High 70 73 74 Intermediate 89 91 92 Low 96 97 98 Catholic High School (Primary)

19 TIMSS Trends in International Maths and Science Studies Sweden Median
U S A Japan Singapore Grade 4 Advanced 3 5 10 23 41 High 24 26 40 61 74 Intermediate 69 67 77 89 92 Low 93 90 95 98 98 Elementary School in Japan

20 TIMSS Trends in International Maths and Science Studies Average
Hong Kong Singapore Korea Taiwan Grade 8 Advanced 2 31 40 40 45 High 15 64 70 71 71 Intermediate 46 85 88 90 86 Low 75 94 97 98 95 Telok Kurau Primary School

21 TIMSS Trends in International Maths and Science Studies Average
Indonesia Thailand Malaysia Singapore Grade 8 Advanced 2 3 2 40 High 15 4 12 18 70 Intermediate 46 14 44 50 88 Low 75 48 66 82 97 Effective Methods in Teaching Mathematics

22 effective mathematics teaching Bina Bangsa School, Indonesia

23 Pedagogical Principle: Prinsip Pedagogi: Bruner
Primary Mathematics 1A Pedagogical Principle: Bruner Prinsip Pedagogi: Bruner

24 Number Bonds PCF Kindergarten Telok Blangah

25 Number Bonds PCF Kindergarten Telok Blangah

26 Bruner Division Pembagian The concrete  pictorial  abstract approach is used to help the majority of learners to develop strong foundation in mathematics. National Institute of Education Pendekatan kongkret  gambar  abstrak, dipergunakan untuk menolong sebagian besar pelajar untuk membangun dasar matematika yang kuat.

27 My Pals Are Here! Mathematics 1B
Division Pembagian My Pals Are Here! Mathematics 1B

28 Division Pembagian Photo: Princess Elizabeth Primary School

29 My Pals Are Here! Mathematics 1B
Division Pembagian My Pals Are Here! Mathematics 1B

30 summary Elementary School in Chile

31 Pedagogical Principle: Prinsip Pedagogi: Skemp
Understanding in mathematics relational (conceptual) instrumental (procedural) conventional Teaching for conceptual understanding is given emphasis in Singapore Math. Pedagogical Principle: Skemp Prinsip Pedagogi: Skemp Primary Mathematics Standards Edition Grade 6

32 Pedagogical Principle: Prinsip Pedagogi: Skemp
Matematika Singapura menitik-beratkan pengajaran pada pemahaman konsep. Primary Mathematics Standards Edition Grade 6

33 Primary Mathematics Standards Edition Grade 6
Fraction Division Pembagian Pecahan Primary Mathematics Standards Edition Grade 6

34 Primary Mathematics Standards Edition Grade 6
3 kue dibagi secara rata kepada beberapa anak. Setiap anak mendapatkan ¾ bagian kue. Berapa anak yang mendapatkan ¾ bagian kue? Jika Anda memotong 1 bagian penuh menjadi ¾ bagian, Anda mendapatkan 1 dan 1/3 tiga seperempat. Jadi, di dalam 3 bagian penuh ada 3 x 1 1/3 atau 3 x 4/3. Primary Mathematics Standards Edition Grade 6

35 summary Scarsdale Middle School New York

36 How to make sure the butterfly cannot fly How do you get a butterfly
How to make sure the butterfly cannot fly How do you get a butterfly? First there is the egg which hatches into a caterpillar. The caterpillar eats and grows. At the right time, it makes a cocoon out of its own body. While in the cocoon, the caterpillar changes into a butterfly. When the butterfly is ready, it starts to break through the cocoon. First a hole appears. Then the butterfly struggles to come out through the hole. This can take a few hours. If you try to "help" the butterfly by cutting the cocoon, the butterfly will come out easily but it will never fly. Your "help" has destroyed the butterfly. The butterfly can fly because it has to struggle to come out. The pushing forces lots of enzymes from the body to the wing tips. This strengthens the muscles, and reduces the body weight. In this way, the butterfly will be able to fly the moment it comes out of the cocoon. Otherwise it will simply fall to the ground, crawl around with a swollen body and shrunken wings, and soon die. If the butterfly is not left to struggle to come out of the cocoon, it will never fly. We can learn an important lesson from the butterfly. If we do not have struggles and challenges in our work, we will never grow strong and capable. If life has no difficulties, we will become weak and helpless. Lim Siong Guan Head, Civil Service

37 Pedagogical Principle: Prinsip Pedagogi: Dienes
Dienes encouraged the use of variation in mathematics education – perceptual variation and mathematical variation. Dienes menganjurkan penggunaan variasi dalam pengajaran matematika - variasi persepsi dan variasi matematika. Pedagogical Principle: Dienes Prinsip Pedagogi: Dienes Primary Mathematics Standards Edition

38 Pedagogical Principle: Prinsip Pedagogi: Dienes

39 Pedagogical Principle: Prinsip Pedagogi: Dienes

40 Jane berlatih piano selama ¾ jam per hari.
Berapa menit dia berlatih setiap harinya? 1 jam = 60 menit 60 ÷ 4 = 15 15 x 3 = 45 ¾ x 60 = 45

41 Mathematical Variation Variasi dari segi Matematika
Di sebuah kelas, 2/5 muridnya memakai kacamata. a) Berapa bagiankah murid yang tidak memakai kacamata? b) Jika 16 murid memakai kacamata, berapa jumlah murid seluruhnya? 16

42 Mathematical Variation Variasi dari segi Matematika
Di sebuah kelas, 2/5 muridnya memakai kacamata. a) Berapa bagiankah murid yang tidak memakai kacamata? b) Jika 16 murid memakai kacamata, berapa jumlah murid seluruhnya? 16 Nicole membeli 30 butir telur. Dia memakai 2/3 telur yang dibeli untuk memanggang kue. Berapa telur yang tersisa? Mathematical Variation Variasi dari segi Matematika 30

43 effective teaching Keys Grade School , Manila

44 Pictorial Before Abstract Gambar sebelum abstrak

45 Variasi dari segi persepsi
Perceptual Variation Variasi dari segi persepsi Primary Mathematics Standards Edition

46 Mathematical Variation Variasi dari segi matematika

47 Penekanan pada pemaparan visual
dan variasi sistematis memperkuat pemahaman konsep Emphasis on pictorial representation and systematic variation to enhance conceptual understanding

48 TIMSS Trends in International Maths and Science Studies Grade 4
Singapore Advanced 41 40 High 74 70 Intermediate 92 88 Low 98 97 Catholic High School (Primary)

49 TIMSS Trends in International Maths and Science Studies Grade 4
U S A Advanced 10 6 High 40 31 Intermediate 77 67 Low 95 92 Catholic High School (Primary)

50 TIMSS Trends in International Maths and Science Studies Grade 4
England Advanced 16 8 High 48 35 Intermediate 79 69 Low 94 90 Catholic High School (Primary)

51 TIMSS Trends in International Maths and Science Studies Grade 4
Advanced 5 2 High 26 15 Intermediate 67 46 Low 90 75 Catholic High School (Primary)

52 conclusion PCF Kindergarten Pasir Ris

53 Fuchun Primary School Mathematics is an excellent vehicle for the development and improvement of a person’s intellectual competence .. Ministry of Education 2006 Matematika adalah kendaraan / alat yang hebat untuk membangun dan memperbaiki kompetensi dan intelektual seseorang …

54 Patterns Bina Bangsa School Bandung

55 Patterns Bina Bangsa School Bandung

56 Visualization SD Negeri in Palembang

57 Visualization Teacher Training for LEAP Programme
for Public School Teachers in Manila

58 Communication mathz4kidz Learning Centre in Malaysia

59 Communication Pathlight School

60 Wellington Primary School
Primary Mathematics Syllabus 2007 Primary 2 Wellington Primary School

61 Balestier Hill Primary School Fuchun Primary School
Primary Mathematics Syllabus 2007

62 Princess Elizabeth Primary School

63 “Children are truly the future of our nation. “
Irving Harris