Pengantar Sistem Telekomunikasi 2009

Presentasi berjudul: "Pengantar Sistem Telekomunikasi 2009"— Transcript presentasi:

1 Pengantar Sistem Telekomunikasi 2009
Week 6 PAN, LAN, MAN,WAN, GAN Pengantar Sistem Telekomunikasi 2009

2 Tujuan Modul Peserta kuliah memahami mengenai jenis-jenis jaringan komputer : personal sampai dunia Peserta kuliah memahami teknologi jaringan : Wireless secara singkat Ethernet secara lebih fokus Peserta kuliah memahami secara singkat komponen perangkat jaringan komputer Peserta kuliah mengenal istilah : ATM, MPLS, FR, X25, FDDI, ISDN, MEN

3 Computer Network Personal Area Network (PAN) Local Area Network (LAN)
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) Wide Area Network (WAN) Global Area Network (GAN)

4 PAN

5 PAN - Personal Area Network
Data transfer on short areas between the personal components belonging to a person Most personal area networks are wireless.

6 Wireless personal area network (Wireless PAN)
is a personal area network - a network for interconnecting devices centered around an individual person - in which the connections are wireless. Typically, a wireless personal area network uses some technology that permits communication within about 10 meters - in other words, a very short range. Used wireless technology to connect an individual ‘s personal electronics, such as : Cellphone, PDA, MP3 player, notebook PC and printer

7 Wireless PAN: Bluetooth IRDA Ultra-wide Band (UWB)
Personal Area Network Standard -> primarily for interconnecting consumer devices. Frequency: 2.4 GHz Max Data Rate: 1 Mbps IRDA Provides infrared connections between communication devices such as mobile phones, desktop PCs and notebook computers; both voice and data are transferred in real time. Frequency: Infrared Max Data Rate: 115,400 bps Ultra-wide Band (UWB) Hot area but probably restricted to PAN

8 LAN Topologi Access method Ethernet Network components Layered network
Wireless LAN

9 Local-area network (LAN) :
High-speed, low-error data network covering a relatively small geographic area (up to a few thousand meters : building, campus, organizational structure). LANs connect workstations, peripherals, terminals, and other devices in a single building or other geographically limited area. LAN standards specify cabling and signaling at the physical and data link layers of the OSI model. High communication bandwidth (10, 100, 155 Mbit/s) Simple topology (bus, ring, tree, star) Ethernet, FDDI, and Token Ring are widely used LAN technologies.

10 Topologi Jaringan STAR MESH RING BUS

11 Medium Access Control (MAC)
Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol adalah : metoda yang digunakan perangkat pada jaringan LAN agar mendapat akses dan mentransmisikan data ke media transmisi Metoda Akses CONTENTION TOKEN PASSING (IBM) IEEE 802.3 IEEE 802.5

12 Token Passing IEEE 802.5 Server membuat token (tongkat estafet !)
Setiap workstation menunggu transmisi token Jika suatu wokstation menerima token – dan tak ada data untuk dikirim - kirim token ke komputer berikut Jika token diterima – dan ada data untuk dikirim: transmisikan data tunggu tanda terima setelah diterima, kirim token ke komputer berikut Token dibuat dengan tanda khusus (misal )

13 Ethernet Baseband LAN specification invented by Xerox Corporation and developed jointly by Xerox, Intel, and Digital Equipment Corporation. Ethernet networks use CSMA/CD and run over a variety of cable types at 10 Mbps. Ethernet is similar to the IEEE series of standards. Data Link (MAC layer) 802.3 Ethernet Physical 10Base2 10Base5 10BaseT 10BaseF 100baseTX 100baseFX 100baseT4 DIX Standard 802.3 Specifications for 10mb Ethernet 802.3u Specifications for 100mb (Fast) Ethernet

14 Comparing Ethernet Media Requirements
10Base5 10BaseT 100BaseTX 100BaseFX EIA/TIA Cat 3, 4, 5 UTP 2 pair EIA/TIA Cat 5 UTP 2 pair 62.5/125 micron multi-mode fiber 50-ohm coax (thick) Media Maximum Segment Length 500 meters 100 meters 100 meters 400 meters Purpose: This figure further compares various Ethernet options. Topology Bus Star Star Point-to-Point Duplex media- interface connector (MIC) ST ISO 8877 (RJ-45) ISO 8877 (RJ-45) Connector AUI

15 Some of the popular IEEE Ethernet Standard

16 Ethernet from the OSI 7 Layer view point
Generates or interprets data. FTP File Transfer Protocol, , browser, HTTP Layer 7 Application Determines how computers represent data. ASCII, MPEG. Layer 6 Presentation APPLICATION LAYERS Establishes a session and security. SSL, SQL, NetBIOS. Layer 5 Session Provides end-to-end transmission correctness, data recovery and flow control. TCP Transmission Control Protocol, UDP. Layer 4 Transport Creates/receives datagrams, assigns addresses for ROUTING packets to their destination. IP Internet Protocol, Novell IPX, RFC 2547 over MPLS Layer 3 Network Ethernet Header IP Packet Ethernet Trailer Ethernet is a Layer-2 technology in the 7-layer OSI Open Systems Interconnection reference model. Applications and information at the top of the chart in layers 4-to-7are packetized top-down, typically into IP at Layer-3. IP usually runs over a Layer-2 Ethernet LAN in building or a Layer-2 Ethernet Metro or Wide-Area network. These packets or frames then run over SONET, TDM or directly on copper or fiber at Layer-1. Not shown is the parallel OSI stack on the right, where another system receives the Ethernet frame, and un-packs the information up the stack. Formats frames  SWITCHING. Adds cyclic redundancy check. Ethernet frames, Frame Relay frames, ATM cells, MPLS Multiprotocol Label Switching Frames, VPLS, VPWS Layer 2 Link NETWORK LAYERS Ethernet Frame Encodes and transmits data bits over electrical, optical or radio pulses. Mux, repeater, TDM channels, SONET payload envelope, 10BASE-T Layer 1 Physical Bits

17 Ethernet IEEE 802.3 Menggunakan Protokol CSMA/CD Menggunakan medium
Kabel tembaga (dibungkus dan tidak), Coax, Fiber Kapasitas 30 to 100 perangkat (‘nodes’) Kecepatannya 10 Mbps (Ethernet) 100 Mbps (Fast Ethernet) 1000 Mbps (Gigabit Ethernet)

18 Contention - CSMA/CD IEEE 802.3
Setiap node/terminal (komputer) memiliki akses yang sama ke media transmisi Setiap node/terminal mengamati media transmisi untuk melihat apakah sedang ada data (message) yang ditransmisikan Jika tidak ada, komputer dapat memulai transmisi data Pekerjaan ‘mendengar’ media transmisi disebut sebagai Carrier Sensing Kemampuan beberapa perangkat bersama-sama mengakses media transmisi disebut Multiple Access Jika ada dua atau lebih perangkat bersama-sama memulai transmisi, terjadi Collision Detection Jika Collision Detection terjadi, setiap perangkat memutuskan hubungan Setiap perangkat menunggu secara acak sebelum berusaha untuk mengirim kembali Protokol ini disebut sebagai Carrier-Sense Multiple Access / Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) Metoda akses paling umum untuk topologi bus 18

19 Network Structure Defined by Hierarchy
MPLS Purpose: This page introduces the hierarchical model. Emphasize: This model has evolved from real-life experience in configuring very large networks. Campus network designs have traditionally placed basic network-level intelligence and services at the center of the network and shared bandwidth at the user level. Over the past few years distributed network services and switching has migrated to the user level. One approach to ensure a level of network performance is to segment the network into layers of functionality. These layers of functionality are defined by the following layers: Access Distribution Core Layer. This model permits enables designers to define building blocks that interconnect users and services. It is important to remember that the hierarchical model refers to conceptual layers that provide functionality. The actual demarcation between layers does not necessarily have to be a physical link. This demarcation can also refer to the backplane of a particular device Transition: The following describes the access layer of the hierarchical model.

20 Positioning Ethernet in the Campus
Ethernet 10BaseT Position Fast Ethernet Position Access Layer Access Layer Provides connectivty between the end user device and the access switch. Gives high-performance PC and workstations 100-Mbps access to the server. Emphasize: The table in the figure, compares 10baseT and Fast Ethernet. It also describes where in the hierarchical model Ethernet and Fast Ethernet can be seen. Distribution Layer Distribution Layer Not typically used at this layer. Provides connectivity between access and distribution layers. Provides connectivity from the distribution to core layer. Provides connectivity from the server block to the core layer. Core Layer Provides inter-switch connectivity. Not typically used at this layer. Core Layer

21 Komponen Hardware LAN Media Transmisi – Servers – Workstation –
Kabel tembaga (Copper wire), kabel koaksial (coax cable), fiber-optic Servers – komputer penyedia layanan (file, database, printer, terminal, modem dan atau fax) Workstation – Personal computer TS atu CS Storage & Back-up – magnetic tape drives,floppy disk drives, hard disk drives, optical disks Network Interface Card (NIC) – ‘adaptor’ menghubungkan workstation dengan media transmisi 21

22 Components of a network
Hubs : common connection point for devices in network – a place of convergence where data arrives from one or more directions and is forwarded in one or more other directions Switches : device that connects computers to a network Bridges : interface used to connect the same type of networks Gateways : interface permitting communication between dissimilar networks Routers : special computer that directs message when several networks are connected together Backbones : consists of many main highway – mincluding gateway, routers, and other communiacion equipment – that connect all computer networks in an organization

23 Hubbed network 23

24 Hub Hub merupakan sentral dari suatu LAN atau enterprise network
Beberapa jenis hub antara lain : Repeater hub Memiliki beberapa connection port utk dihubungkan ke workstation Apabila ada station yg mengirim data, repeater meng-copy data tsb ke semua port Wiring concentrator Merupakan token-ring network concentrator Sering disebut multistation access unit (MAU) Pada prinsipnya merupakan ring dalam kotak Switching hub Disebut juga frame switch atau LAN switch Memiliki multiport devices yang masing-masing beroperasi seperti LAN terpisah dengan broadcast domain sendiri Workgroup hub Memiliki port-port yang dihubungkan ke hub yang lain Bisa merupakan repeater hub, concentrator atau switching hub Enterprise hub Merupakan sentral dimana semua workgroup hub di perusahan/organisasi terhubung 24

25 Router Router merupakan packet switches yang menghubungkan dua network
IP adrress paket yang diterima dichek dalam routing table Jika ada dalam tabel  paket diteruskan ke network yang bersangkutan Jika tidak ada dalam tabel  paket diteruskan ke router pada network yang hirarkinya lebih tinggi Hal yang sama dilakukan oleh router pada hirarki network yang lebih tinggi Pencarian IP address terakhir dilakukan oleh router pada NSP backbone 25

26 Mengapa LAN? Resource Sharing Large Data Transfers Network Backup
Sumber Daya Bersama Large Data Transfers Kirim data (besar) Network Backup Cadangan Jika ada LAN maka … Network Management Manajemen Jaringan Network Security Keamanan Jaringan Distributed Databases Basis Data Terdistribusi Groupware Software Grup 26

27 Wireless LAN: DS, FH Initial standard – used for connection of fixed or portable stations in a LAN. Frequency: 2.4 GHz Max Data Rate: 2 Mbps IR Initial standard -- used for connection of fixed or portable stations in a LAN. Frequency: Infrared

28 Wireless LAN: (continued)
Supplemental standard – increment and range for LAN connections. Frequency : 5.8 GHz Max Data Rate: 54 Mbps b HR DS Frequency : 2.4 GHz Max Data Rate: 11 Mbps

29 Wireless LAN: (continued)
HiperLAN I European Standard - designed for high-speed radio frequency connections between portable devices. Frequency : 5.2 GHz Max Data Rate: 23.5 Mbps OpenAir Designed to provide radio frequency connection for mobile wireless LAN applications -- includes long range capabilities. Frequency : 2.4 GHz Max Data Rate: 1.6 Mbps

30 Wireless LAN: (continued)
Shared Wireless Access Protocol (SWAP) European Standard - designed for high-speed radio frequency connections between portable devices. Frequency : 5.2 GHz Max Data Rate : 23.5 Mbps Proprietary Device- or application-specific wireless LAN protocols. Frequency : 2.4 GHz Max Data Rate : 1.6 Mbps

31 A simple diagram of a wireless LAN:

32 A wireless local area network (Wireless LAN)
is a computer network that allows a user to connect without the need for a network cable. A laptop or PDA equipped with a wireless LAN card lets a user move around a building with their computer and stay connected to their network without needing to “plug in” with a cable.

33 MAN

34 Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
A network spanning a geographical area greater than a LAN but less than a WAN (Wide Area Network) usually in the size of Metropolitan City. Fast high speed network in a regional area, connecting different local area networks (1 to 100 km) Plays the role of a backbone network Simple topology (often: optical fiber ring)

35 MAN Standard Protocol :
IEEE ( Institution of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, USA) Protocol : X.25, Frame Relay, Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network), Dedicated E1/T1, Fractional E1/T1, Ethernet

36 Local Exchange Carrier as MAN

37 Frame Relay as MAN Connections made by virtual circuits
Purpose: This figure provides a big-picture definition of Frame Relay. Emphasize: Frame Relay is used between the CPE device and the Frame Relay switch. It does NOT affect how packets get routed within the Frame Relay cloud. Frame Relay is a purely Layer 2 protocol. The network providing the Frame Relay service can be either a carrier-provided public network or a network of privately owned equipment serving a single enterprise. Make a clear distinction between DCE, DTE, and CPE. Emphasize that Frame Relay over SVCs is not discussed in this chapter because it is not widely supported by service providers at this time. The service provider must also support SVCs in order for Frame Relay over SVCs to operate. Note: In Cisco IOS Release 11.2, two traffic shaping features were introduced: Generic (adaptive) traffic shaping Frame Relay traffic shaping Both of these features can be used to adjust the rate at which traffic is sent by the router. In addition, these features allow the router to throttle the traffic rate based on BECNs received from the Frame Relay switch. Neither of these features are discussed in this course. Frame Relay traffic shaping is discussed in the Building Cisco Remote Access Networks (BCRAN) course. Information on both can be found in Cisco documentation. Connections made by virtual circuits Connection-oriented service

38 Metro Ethernet Carrier as MAN
E-Line Sam E-LAN EVC Ethernet Virtual Connection MEN Metropolitan Ethernet Network

39 WAN

40 WAN - Wide Area Networks
Connection of LANs and MANs over regional and above regional distances intercity, intercountry and intercontinental Heterogeneous mesh networks with packet oriented communication and routing buffering of packets in intermediary nodes higher latency times (compared to a LAN) Network Protocol : X.25, Frame Relay, Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network), Dedicated E1/T1, Fractional E1/T1, STM N Ethernet

41 Type of Wide Area Network (WAN)

42 Long Distance Carrier as WAN

43 Frame Relay as WAN Connections made by virtual circuits
Purpose: This figure provides a big-picture definition of Frame Relay. Emphasize: Frame Relay is used between the CPE device and the Frame Relay switch. It does NOT affect how packets get routed within the Frame Relay cloud. Frame Relay is a purely Layer 2 protocol. The network providing the Frame Relay service can be either a carrier-provided public network or a network of privately owned equipment serving a single enterprise. Make a clear distinction between DCE, DTE, and CPE. Emphasize that Frame Relay over SVCs is not discussed in this chapter because it is not widely supported by service providers at this time. The service provider must also support SVCs in order for Frame Relay over SVCs to operate. Note: In Cisco IOS Release 11.2, two traffic shaping features were introduced: Generic (adaptive) traffic shaping Frame Relay traffic shaping Both of these features can be used to adjust the rate at which traffic is sent by the router. In addition, these features allow the router to throttle the traffic rate based on BECNs received from the Frame Relay switch. Neither of these features are discussed in this course. Frame Relay traffic shaping is discussed in the Building Cisco Remote Access Networks (BCRAN) course. Information on both can be found in Cisco documentation. Connections made by virtual circuits Connection-oriented service

44 Label Switching (MPLS) Carrier as WAN
Label Switching Routers (LSRs) (ATM Switch or Router) Label Edge Routers

45 A wireless wide area network (Wireless WAN)
covers a much more extensive area than wireless LANs. Coverage is generally offered on a nationwide level with wireless network infrastructure provided by a wireless service carrier.

46 Wireless WAN: 1G, 2G, 2.5G, 3G, 4G Generations / versions. 2G TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access), 2.5G CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access), 2.5G GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication)

47 Wireless WAN: (continued)
GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) Data overlay system for enhancing existing GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) and/or other TDMA-based networks Considered 2.5 generation. Frequency: varies Max Data Rate: 14.4 Kbps 3G/UMTS 3.5G/HSDPA 4G/WIMAX

48 GAN

49 GAN - Global Area Network
NETWORK OF NETWORK Global communication network without restriction No local restrictions (world wide to interplanetary) Connects WANs, MANs and LANs Wired/Wireless WAN/LAN/MAN/PAN integration = GAN Largely varying quality GAN  INTERNET

50 Internet Access INTERNET Us Internet Service Provider ISP
Online Service Provider (Mis. Perpustakaan) SLIP/ PPP Or TCP/IP ISP TCP/IP TCP/IP Router LAN “terminal Emulation” modem Us

51 Internet Infrastructure

52 Internet Routing Hierarchy