Dasar-Dasar Analisis Spasial Oleh : Dr. Agus Kristijono

Pengertian SIG geographical (geografis) sesuatu yang berkaitan dengan geografi – ilmu mengenai permukaan bumi information atau informasi pengetahuan (knowledge),fakta, atau data system atau sistem himpunan metoda,skema, prosedur atau sejenisnya yang tertata, terorganisir dan komprehensif Sistem Informasi Informasi Geografis Analisis Spasiall analisis spasial analisis mengenai keberadaan di dalam ruang

Prasyarat Analisis Spasial Berpola fikir geografikal: understanding ‘spatial order’ Memiliki ‘spatial knowledge’ and ‘spatial skills’ Memahami spatial ‘framework’ Remote sensing Peta referensi Survey dan Pemetaan Basis data SIG Peta tematis Pengambilan Keputusan

Berpolapikir Geografikal Menurut definisi yang dikemukakan oleh Morrison (1993): Geography is the study of space (spacial) in the sence of position and relationships among positions on the surface of the planet earth. Geografi adalah ilmu yang mempelajari ruang (keruangan) yang mengandung pengertian posisi dan relasinya diantara tempat-tempat di permukaan planet bumi. Dari pengertian dan definisi geografi di atas mengemuka adanya pola pikir spasial (spatial thinking) yang menjadi ciri khas geografi.

Berpolapikir Geografikal UNDERSTANDING SPATIAL ORDER Prinsip ‘The earch for spatial order’ Geography and Other disciplines Ask how people, places, animal, natural features, and the like change and interact spatially Continue to concentrate to spatial relationships as its principle intellectual framework. Geography only SPATIAL LANGUAGE Allows geographer to think more clearly communicate more concisely about space Analyze structure and arrangement of data to explain spatial phenomena

Memahami Elemen Spasial Spatial Knowledge and Skill Memahami Elemen Spasial Type of spatial objects and features Spatial phenomena Spatial representation

Mengenal Elemen Spasial REAL WORLD PHENOMENA Point object Line object Area object 3D object Point Point object Line object Area object 3D object Line Point object Line object Area object 3D object Polygon Point object Line object Area object 3D object

Representasi Elemen Spasial Point object Line object Area object 3D object Point Line

Representasi Elemen Spasial Point object Line object Area object 3D object Point Line Polygon

Representasi Elemen Spasial Point object Line object Area object 3D object Point Line Polygon

Representasi Elemen Spasial Point object Line object Area object 3D object Point Line Polygon

Representasi Elemen Spasial Point object Line object Area object 3D object Point Line Polygon

Memahami Skala

Peta Map is a spatial representation of the environment It comes in many forms such as globes, physical models, line drawings, airphotos, satellite imageries. Cartographic map is an external (physical) representation of the environment. Refererence maps: those whose primary aim is to portray environmental details accurately. Thematic or special-purpuse Maps: those whose primary aim is to depict general spatial pattern of the environment.

Spatial Location and Reference Geographical Grid Lintang Utara Lintang Selatan Equator Bujur Barat Bujur Timur Meridian Latitude = Lintang Longitude = Bujur

Peta Referensi

Peta Dari Citra Satelit DP SP Ketapang West Kalimantan Legend Peat Mapping Landsystem Boundary Using Landsat ETM DP Deep Peat SP Shallow Peat

Peta Tematis

Peta Statistik

Entity and Attribute Spatial objects Spatial features Entity Non spasial Information Spasial information Attribute data Geographic data Nominal Point Ordinal Line Interval/Ratio Polygon Point object Line object Area object Nominal Point object Line object Area object Ordinal Point object Line object Area object Interval Point object Line object Area object

Measurement Level of Attribute Data Point Line Area jalan raya Bogor sawah Nominal jalan KA pemukiman 276m hutan G. Salak Sungai sawah Ciawi jalan kab pemukiman Ordinal Bogor jalan prop hutan Bandung jalan neg <200 50 200-500 40 Interval/Ratio 200 35 1000 >500 30 2000 dalam ribuan orang 25 5000 Kedalaman (meter)

Representation of Measurement Level Nominal, Ordinal, Interval

Spatial Framework Spatial Surface Discrete Continuous

Spatial Framework Spatial Pattern REGULAR RANDOM CLUSTERED

Proximity and Spatial Relation Spatial Framework Proximity and Spatial Relation

Analisis Spasial Measurement Classification Statistical Surface Spatial Arrangement Overlay Cartographic Modeling