REKAYASA PERANGKAT LUNAK (IF 1483) Pertemuan 6 Analisa Kebutuhan 1 IF 1483 - RPL TEKNIK INFORMATIKA UPN “VETERAN” YK

IF 1483 - RPL TEKNIK INFORMATIKA Deskripsi Menjelaskan analisa kebutuhan PL dengan teknik terstruktur IF 1483 - RPL TEKNIK INFORMATIKA UPN “VETERAN” YK

Tujuan Instruksional Umum (TIU) Mahasiswa mampu menganalisa kebutuhan dengan teknik terstruktur IF 1483 - RPL TEKNIK INFORMATIKA UPN “VETERAN” YK

IF 1483 - RPL TEKNIK INFORMATIKA Agenda Review Tugas Requirement Engineering Metode dan Model Analisa Kebutuhan (Requirements Analysis Methods & Models) IF 1483 - RPL TEKNIK INFORMATIKA UPN “VETERAN” YK

Spesifikasi Kebutuhan (Requirements Specification) Tujuan Menyediakan representasi software untuk review dan persetujuan customer Dibuat sebagai usaha bersama antara developer dan customer Sebagai bahan dasar review antara customer dan developer Hasil Akhir dari analisa kebutuhan (Culmination of requirements analysis) Definition: a description of what is desired rather than how it is to be realized/implemented IF 1483 - RPL TEKNIK INFORMATIKA UPN “VETERAN” YK

Prinsip-prinsip Spesifikasi (Specification Principles) Memisahkan fungsi dari implementasi Spesifikasi harus mencantumkan lingkungan (environment) dimana software dijalankan Spesifikasi harus dapat dioperasikan Developed for formal language representations, but principles still apply to any representation 1. The result to be obtained should be entirely expressed in a what form (rather than how). Example: mathematical function where result is a function of the input and is unaffected by the surrounding environment 2. In dynamic systems, use a process oriented specification to specify the model of desired behavior in terms of functional responses to various environmental stimuli 3. System is composed of interacting components. Only within the context of the entire system (and the system’s behaviors) can the behavior of a single component be described; objects are interrelated and relationship can change over time 4. The environment in which the system operates and interacts with must also be specified. Translation is that must recognize that the environment is another of the interacting components that can have some effect on the system being described IF 1483 - RPL TEKNIK INFORMATIKA UPN “VETERAN” YK

Software Requirements Specification (SRS) Mencakup : Definisi Kebutuhan dan spesifikasi Includes Requirements Definition & Specification Prinsip-prinsip: [Heninger 80] Harus menampilkan sifat external system Harus menampilkan batasan constraints implementasi Harus mudah dirubah Sebagai referensi pada saat maintenance IF 1483 - RPL TEKNIK INFORMATIKA UPN “VETERAN” YK

Software Requirements Specification (SRS) Introduction/introduksi System Models/model sistem Information Model / model informasi Functional Model / model fungsi Behavioral Model / model perilaku Functional Requirements Definition Non-functional Requirements Definition System Evolution / evolusi system Requirement Specification / spesifikasi kebutuhan Validation Criteria / kriteria validasi Bibliography Appendix & Glossary Introduction states the goals and objectives of the software, in the context of a computer-based system software scope Information Description detailed description of the problem to be solved Information flow and structure are documented Interfaces (hardware, software, human) are described for external system elements and internal functions Functional Description Description of each function required to solve the problem Processing narrative, design constraints stated and justified, performance characteristics Diagram(s) to graphically represent the overall structure of the software Behavioral Description Examines the operation of the software as a result of external events and internally generated control characteristics Validation Criteria Most important, and most neglected section What constitutes a successful implementation? Acceptance criteria Implicit review of all other requirements Bibliography - reference all related documents Appendix - information to support specification - algorithms, charts, graphs,... IF 1483 - RPL TEKNIK INFORMATIKA UPN “VETERAN” YK

Analisa Kebutuhan Requirements Analysis Beberapa tipe metode analisa Structured Analysis / analisa terstruktur Object-Oriented Analysis / analisa berorientasi objek Setiap metode mempunyai teknik didalam merepresentasikan : Data Processing/Function Control/Behavior Setiap teknik digunakan untuk memodelkan satu/lebih tipe informasi Will Discuss Specific Analysis Techniques next time IF 1483 - RPL TEKNIK INFORMATIKA UPN “VETERAN” YK

IF 1483 - RPL TEKNIK INFORMATIKA Metode Analisa Viewpoint Oriented Analysis Stakeholders perspectives Conflict resolution Method Based Analysis Data-flow based analysis methods Object-Oriented analysis methods IF 1483 - RPL TEKNIK INFORMATIKA UPN “VETERAN” YK

IF 1483 - RPL TEKNIK INFORMATIKA Model Analisa Data processing model Data Flow Diagrams Composition model Entity-Relationship Diagrams Stimulus-response model State Transition Diagrams Classification model Object Model IF 1483 - RPL TEKNIK INFORMATIKA UPN “VETERAN” YK

IF 1483 - RPL TEKNIK INFORMATIKA Data Flow Diagrams Producer/Consumer informasi diluar batas dari sistem Transformer / perubah informasi Data item atau koleksi data item Penyimpanan data untuk satu / lebih proses External Entity Process Data Item Data Store IF 1483 - RPL TEKNIK INFORMATIKA UPN “VETERAN” YK

State Machine Diagrams Merepresentasikan status/keadaan sistem Transisi diantara status; aktivitas yang memicu perubahan status State Can be combined into a matrix where horizontal flows represent information flow and vertical flows represent control - however can be awkward and confusing IF 1483 - RPL TEKNIK INFORMATIKA UPN “VETERAN” YK

IF 1483 - RPL TEKNIK INFORMATIKA Aturan didalam DFD Nama proses -> kata kerja Aliran data -> kata benda Tidak boleh ada aliran data antar entitas Tidak boleh ada aliran data dari entitas ke data store atau sebaliknya Tidak boleh aliran data hanya masuk ke data store IF 1483 - RPL TEKNIK INFORMATIKA UPN “VETERAN” YK

IF 1483 - RPL TEKNIK INFORMATIKA Ringkasan Materi Spesifikasi Kebutuhan Metode analisa Model analisa Diagram DFD (data flow diagram) IF 1483 - RPL TEKNIK INFORMATIKA UPN “VETERAN” YK

IF 1483 - RPL TEKNIK INFORMATIKA Tugas Membuat DCD dan DFD IF 1483 - RPL TEKNIK INFORMATIKA UPN “VETERAN” YK

IF 1483 - RPL TEKNIK INFORMATIKA Referensi Software Engineering:  A Practitioner's Approach (Bab 12) Pengarang :  Roger S. Pressman Penerbit:  Fourth Edition, McGraw-Hill, 1997 IF 1483 - RPL TEKNIK INFORMATIKA UPN “VETERAN” YK