E - Commerce sessi 1

Electronic Commerce Definitions and Concepts LECTURER: M. Mulyana Mubarak http://moebsmart.co.cc

Tujuan : Mahasiswa mampu mengetahui definisi dan konsep dari E-Commerce Mahasiswa mampu mengetahui Dimensi dari E-Commerce Mahasiswa mampu mengetahui Framework E-Commerce Mahasiswa mampu mengetahui Klasifikasi dari E-Commerce

Reference William J. Buffan. E-Business and IS Solutions. Addison-Wesley. 2000 Harman, P., Rosen, M., Guttman, M., Developing E-Business Systems & Architectures. Morgan Kaufmann Publishing. 2001 Harrington. Business Process Improvement. McGraw-Hill. Inc., 1991 Turban, et al., Electronic Commerce. Prentice Hall International. 2001

Definitions and Concepts E-commerce didefinisikan dari perspektif-persepektif berikut ini: Communications: penyampaian barang, jasa, informasi atau pembayaran melalui jaringan komputer atau alat-alat elektronik lainnya Commercial (trading): memungkinkan untuk melakukan pembelian dan penjualan produk, servis dan informasi melalui internet dan layanan online lainnya

Definitions and Concepts Business process: menjalankan bisnis secara elektronik dengan melakukan setiap tahapan bisnis secara utuh melalui jaringan elektronik, sehingga informasi bisnis secara fisik tergantikan oleh sistem ini. Service: alat yang menunjukkan segala hal terkait pemerintah, perusahaan, konsumen dan management dengan tujuan untuk memangkas biaya layanan namun tetap mempertahankan kualitas layanan konsumen serta meningkatkan kecepatan layanan

Definitions and Concepts Learning: sangat dimungkinkan untuk digunakan dalam program pelatihan dan pendidikan secara online bagi siswa sekolah, perguruan tinggi dan organisasi lainnya termasuk organisasi bisnis Collaborative: sarana / kerangka yang bisa digunakan untuk kolaborasi antar organisasi dan internal organisasi Community: sebagai sarana berkumpulnya anggota suatu komunitas untuk saling belajar, bertransaksi dan berkolaborasi/bekerjasama

Definitions and Concepts e-business: pendefinisian EC secara luas, yang mencakup: Pembelian dan Penjualan Barang dan Jasa Layanan Pelanggan Bekerjasama dengan partner bisnis Pelaksanaan Transaksi secara Elektronik dalam suatu organisasi

Definitions and Concepts Pure vs. Partial EC tergantung pada tingkat digitalisasi (yaitu proses perubahan dari fisik ke digital) dari: Produk yang dijual; Prosesnya; dan Agen Distribusi (atau perantara digital) Brick-and-Mortar organizations merupakan bentuk organisasi ekonomi terdahulu yang menjalankan bisnisnya secara off-line, menjual produk secara fisik melalui agen-agen yang berbentuk fisik pula.

Definitions and Concepts Organisasi Virtual menjalankan aktivitas bisnisnya secara online Click-and-mortar organizations menjalankan beberapa aktivitas EC, tapi bisnis utamanya tetap dalam bentuk fisik Electronic market (e-marketplace) merupakan tempat bisnis online dimana pembeli dan penjual berjumpa untuk saling mempertukarkan barang, jasa dan informasi

Definitions and Concepts Interorganizational information systems (IOSs) memungkinkan terjadinya proses transaksi dan arus informasi antara dua atau lebih organisasi Intraorganizational information systems memungkinkan aktivitas EC berlagnsung di antara individu dalam sebuah organisasi

Exhibit 1.1: The Dimensions of Electronic Commerce

The EC Framework, Classification, and Content Two major types of e-commerce: business-to-consumer (B2C) : online transactions are made between businesses and individual consumers business-to-business (B2B): businesses make online transactions with other businesses intrabusiness EC: EC conducted inside an organization (e.g., business-to-employees B2E)

The EC Framework, Classification, and Content (cont.) Computer environments Internet: global networked environment Intranet: a corporate or government network that uses Internet tools, such as Web browsers, and Internet protocols Extranet: a network that uses the Internet to link multiple intranets

EC Framework EC applications are supported by infrastructure and by five support areas: People Public policy Marketing and advertising Support services Business partnerships

Exhibit 1.2: A Framework for Electronic Commerce

Classification of EC by Transactions or Interactions business-to-consumer (B2C) : online transactions are made between businesses and individual consumers business-to-business (B2B): businesses make online transactions with other businesses e-tailing: online retailing, usually B2C

Classification of EC by Transactions or Interactions business-to-business-to-consumer (B2B2C): e-commerce model in which a business provides some product or service to a client business that maintains its own customers consumer-to-business (C2B): e-commerce model in which individuals use the Internet to sell products or services to organizations or individuals seek sellers to bid on products or services they need

Classification of EC by Transactions or Interactions consumer-to-consumer (C2C): e-commerce model in which consumers sell directly to other consumers peer-to-peer (P2P): technology that enables networked peer computers to share data and processing with each other directly; can be used in C2C, B2B, and B2C e-commerce

Classification of EC by Transactions or Interactions (cont.) mobile commerce (m-commerce): e-commerce transactions and activities conducted in a wireless environment location-based commerce (l-commerce): m-commerce transactions targeted to individuals in specific locations, at specific times

Classification of EC by Transactions or Interactions (cont.) intrabusiness EC: e-commerce category that includes all internal organizational activities that involve the exchange of goods, services, or information among various units and individuals in an organization business-to-employees (B2E): e-commerce model in which an organization delivers services, information, or products to its individual employees

Classification of EC by Transactions or Interactions (cont.) collaborative commerce (c-commerce): e-commerce model in which individuals or groups communicate or collaborate online e-learning: the online delivery of information for purposes of training or education exchange (electronic): a public electronic market with many buyers and sellers

Classification of EC by Transactions or Interactions (cont.) exchange-to-exchange (E2E): e-commerce model in which electronic exchanges formally connect to one another the purpose of exchanging information e-government: e-commerce model in which a government entity buys or provides goods, services, or information to businesses or individual citizens