Baso Maruddani Universitas Negeri Jakarta Jaringan Nirkabel Baso Maruddani Universitas Negeri Jakarta Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

Sejarah Komunikasi Wireless (1) Awal komunikasi radio Awal 1800s: Michael Faraday, Joseph Henry, Hans Oersted bereksperimen tentang aliran arus listrik pada satu kawat yang dapat menginduksi kawat lain 1864: James Maxwell berteori tentang osilasi dari arus listrik yang dapat menimbulkan medan EM. Medan EM ini berpropagasi dengan kecepatan cahaya. Cahaya tampak merupakan salah satu fenomena EM dan merupakan bagian dari spektrum EM 1873: Maxwall mempublikasikan persamaan Maxwell yang sangat findamental. 4 persamaan differensial yang mendeskripsikan perubahan ruang dan waktu pada medan EM 1888: Heinrich Hertz membangun transmitter dan receiver radio yg pertama untuk mengukur gelombang EM dan membuktikan teori Maxwell yang mengatakan bahwa gelombang EM bergerak dengan kecepatan cahaya Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

Sejarah Komunikasi Wireless (2) 1895: Guglielmo Marconi membangun sistem wireless telegraph pertama 1901: Marconi mentransmisikan transatlantic wireless telegraph message pertama 1906: Reginald Fessenden pertama kali mentransmisikan suara melalui radio (from Boston to ships in Atlantic) 1918: Edwin Armstrong menemukan superheterodyne circuit untuk receiver radio yg stabil 1933: Armstrong menemukan frequency modulation (sebelumnya yang digunakan adalah amplitude modulation), lebih tahan terhadap nose dan interferensi 1934: US creates FCC (Federal Commun. Commission) to mengawasi telekomun ikasi di publik termasuk pengalokasian spektrum Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

Sejarah Komunikasi Wireless (3) 1946: AT&T memperkenlkan layanan mobile telephone pertama dgn menggunakan transmisi radio FM, 120KHz per kanal voice dan terbatas hanya pada 50 mil dari base station serta menggunakan operator untuk men-dial Pertengahan-1960s: AT&T’s IMTS (Improved Mobile Telephone Service) menggunakan 30 kHz voice channels, narrowband FM and direct dialing (tanpa operator) Generasi pertama telepon selular analog (First generation analog cellular telephony) akhir1940s: AT&T membuat konsep selular untuk frequency reuse 1971: AT&T mengajukan High Capacity Mobile Phone Service kepada FCC 1979: US menstandarkan hal itu sebagai AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System) pada daerah 800-900 MHz 1983: AT&T me-launchAMPS di Chicago Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

Sejarah Komunikasi Wireless (4) 1985: Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT 450) di Scandanavia, Total Access Communications System (TACS) di UK, C450 di W. Germany Total : 6 incompatible analog cellular systems di Europe Motivated Europe to accelerate 2nd generation digital cellular Generasi Kedua Selular Digital (Second generation digital cellular) 1989: Europe membuat standar Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) 1992: GSM di-launching 1990: Japan menstandarkan Japanese Digital Cellular (JDC) yang sekarang disebut Personal Digital Cellular (PDC) 1990: Europe menstandarkan Digital Cellular System at 1800 MHz (DCS 1800, yang kemudian dinamakan GSM 1800) 1993: DCS 1800 di-launching Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

Sejarah Komunikasi Wireless (5) 1992: TIA/IS-54 TDMA (Digital AMPS) dikembangkan diUS 1996: TIA/IS-95 CDMA di US 1995: Personal Handphone System (PHS) di Japan, first widespread low-tier PCS, is hugely successful 1996: AT&T and Sprint offer PCS in major US cities Smaller cell sites (0.25 km vs traditional 1-8 km), smaller/lighter portable handsets, cheaper access points 1998: ITU begins to study proposals for 3rd generation cellular mid-2000s: UMTS, IMT-2000, W-CDMA, cdma2000, EDGE,... 2010-?: 4th generation? Self organizing, ad hoc? Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

Badan Hukum Telekomunikasi Di Indonesia : BRTI Untuk internasional : FCC (Federal Communication Commision) Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

Pentingnya Komunikasi Wireless Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

Networks Today Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

Perlunya Wireless Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

Elemen Wireless Network (1) Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

Elemen Wireless Network (2) Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

Elemen Wireless Network (3) Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

Elemen Wireless Network (4) Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

Elemen Wireless Network (5) Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

Wireless Link : Parameter Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

Standar Wireless Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

Selular vs Wi Fi Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

Karakteristik Kanal Wireless Sinyal yang ditransmisikan melalui gelombang radio akan mengalami fluktuasi akibat karakteristik medium yang selalu berubah Selain itu terjadi penurunan daya sinyal Kesulitan untuk melakukan proses selanjutnya : demodulasi Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

Karakteristik Kanal Wireless Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

Karakteristik Kanal Wireless Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

Karakteristik Kanal Wireless Fluktuasi sinyal tersebut dapat dibagi 2: Large Scale Fading  fading relatif tetap untuk plot area yg besar - Refleksi - Difraksi - Scattering Small Scale Fading (Multipath)  fading berubah secara dramatis untuk plot area yg kecil - Time spreading signal - Time varying kanal Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

Large Scale Fading Refleksi : mengenai benda rata yg > λ Difraksi : terhalang oleh permukaan tajam gelombang semu muncul di belakang penghalang Shadowing Scattering : mengenai benda yg < λ Mengatasi : - Fading margin (secara defintif) adalah kenaikan daya pancar yang harus dilakukan agar penerimaan lebih/sama dengan level penerimaan minimum yang diijinkan - Diversitas - Antena sektoral dan smart antena Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

Small Scale Fading Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

Small Scale Fading Time Varying : Fluktuasi amplitudo disebabkan superposisi konstruktif dan destruktif dari sinyal yang diterima Time spreading : Perbedaan waktu kedatangan sinyal akibat perbedaan lintasan Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

Contoh : Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

Teknologi Komunikasi Wireless Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

Teknologi Komunikasi Wireless Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

Teknologi Komunikasi Wireless Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

PAN Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

PAN - Bluetooth Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

Bluetooth Protocol Stack Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

Wireless LAN : IEEE802.11 Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

Infrastuktur Dasar Wireless LAN Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

Arsitektur Dasar IEEE 802.11 Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

Wireless WAN Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

Teknik Multiple-Akses Radio Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

1G - FDMA Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

2G - TDMA Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

2G dan 3G - CDMA Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

CDMA Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

CDMA Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

CDMA Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

1st Generation – 1G Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

1st Generation – 1G Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

2nd Generation – 2G Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

D-AMPS / TDMA / PDC Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

iDEN Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

DECT dan PHS Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

CDMAone – North America CDMA Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

CDMAone – North America CDMA (IS-95) Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

GSM Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

GPRS(1) Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

GPRS (2) Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

Visi 3G Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

International Standard Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

Visi IMT 2000 Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

Standar Radio IMT 2000 Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

CDMA2000 Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

WCDMA (UMTS) Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

TD- SCDMA Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

Migrasi ke 3G Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

Spektrum Wireless Mobile Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

Perkembangan Arsitektur Jaringan Selular Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

Arsitektur 3G – Secara Umum Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

Jaringan GSM Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

Signalling pada Core Network Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

Panggilan dari PSTN – Jaringan Mobile Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

Arsitektur GSM 2G Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

Perkembangan GSM Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

Vocoder : AMR dan SMV Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

Perkembangan GSM Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

GPRS – 2.5G untuk GSM Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

2.5G/3G (Add IP Data w/out perubahan pada voice) Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

Arsitektur 2.5G Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

Evolusi GSM untuk Data Access Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

EDGE Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

3G Partnership Project Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

Sasaran 3GPP Rel 6 Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

Wireless LAN Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

Topics of Discussion Making the Decision to go Wireless Wireless Standards Wireless Router and Adapter Brands Fire Walls Wireless Security Router Setup Wireless Adapter Setup

Making the Decision to go Wireless Why have a network at home? To share files between computers To share printers To share an Internet connection

Making the Decision to go Wireless Types of Networks used in a Home Hard Wired Wireless

Types of Networks used in a Home Hard Wired Is the most secure Faster than wireless Technology is increasing wireless though put speeds Increased cost Cable and connections (electrician) May have to cut through walls and floors Can be mitigated using cable raceways on wall surfaces

Types of Networks used in a Home Wireless Does not require cable to be run Easy to install Easier to add equipment Equipment is more expensive You may need to plan for problems Will be covered in Planning for Your Wireless Router

Router/Switch Devices are connected together on a network using a router / switch Router part connects two nodes together Local-area network (LAN) Wide-area network (WAN) Switch parts connects devices on LAN together Router Hard wired devices Access point on a wireless router

Special Planning for Wireless Access Cordless telephones Microwaves Type of construction of your home Brick Wood Metal Outside interference Radio or microwave transmission

Wireless Standards 802.11a 802.11b 802.11g Speed 54Mbs Frequency used is 5 gigahertz (Ghz). 802.11b Speed 11Mbs Frequency used is 2.4 gigahertz (Ghz). 802.11g

Wireless Standards New and Future Technology Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) Allows present technology to achieve greater throughput with the present standards, In the future 802.11n may be the new standard for wireless local-area networks Throughput may reach 540 Mbs 10 times faster than 802.11a or 802.11g A better operating distance May include MIMO technology

Wireless Standards 802.11a 802.11b 802.11g 802.11n Speed 54Mbs Frequency used is 5 gigahertz (Ghz). 802.11b Speed 11Mbs Frequency used is 2.4 gigahertz (Ghz). 802.11g 802.11n Speed 200Mbs (Typ), 540Mps (max) Range indoors is 50m

Komponen Wireless Network Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

Komponen Wireless Network Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

Wireless Standards Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

Access Point Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

Access Point Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

Access Point Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

Access Point Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

Wireless Router Features Contain a wireless access point Allows wireless devices to connect May use MIMO technology Increases throughput Contain a hardware firewall Stops inbound data unless you request it Have setup for Wireless security Keeps strangers from accessing LAN through the wireless access point

Some Wireless Router and Wireless Adapter Brands Linksys D-Link US Robotics AirLink Belkin Netgear

Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

Bahan Ajar D3 - Teknik Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan 1

Firewalls You should have a fire wall on all your computers that have access to the internet Two types of fire walls Hardware fire wall Used to stop incoming data that is not requested by your computer Software firewalls Zone Alarm is used to keep your computer from sending or receiving information without your permission.

Wireless security In the Router: Change the default Service Set Identifier (SSID) Disable the SSID broadcast Change the User Name and Passwords on the wireless router Set up the wireless encryption Setup the MAC Filter Change the routers local IP address

Wireless Security – Encryption Types Wired Equivalent Privacy ( WEP ) The oldest encryption method Uses a 64-bit or more secure 128 bit key Wi-Fi Protected Access ( WPA ) Newer encryption method that uses 256-bit key Wi-Fi Protected Access 2 ( WPA2 ) Newest encryption method Backward compatible with WPA

Setting up your Wireless Router Things you need to know Who is your ISP What type of Internet connection are you using User name and password if required Brand of router Default local IP address Default User Name Default Password

Sample default Local IP Address, User Name, and Password Brand Local IP Address User Name Password Linksys 192.168.1.1 admin Belkin 192.168.2.1 D-Link 192.168.0.1 USRobotics Must set up Netgear password Air Link

Demonstration on setting up wireless router Use setup CD that came with router If you already have a router installed you should remove it first. The installation software will try to determine the type of connection Or Bring up browser and access router Inter routers local IP address in the URL Inter the default User Name and Password Setup router

Setting up the wireless adapter in the remote PC You must know the SSID and encryption KEY for the network you wish to connect. We entered these in the router. Types of wireless networks Infrastructure Ad-Hoc For this demonstration we will be using an Infrastructure network

Description of the networks for your information Infrastructure network Wireless network centered about an access point Access point Provides communication with the wired network Mediates wireless network traffic in the immediate neighborhood

Topologi Wireless LAN Infrastruktur atau Basic Service Set (BSS) a) b)

Description of the networks for your information Ad-Hoc Are point-to-point networks May consist of two or more mobile computers A collection of computers which propagate the signals. (A to B to C to A). May be simple point to point Hey, how’s it hanging? Hello, hello, is anyone there?

Topologi Wireless LAN Ad-hoc atau Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS)

Description of the networks for your information Ad-Hoc May be a more complex system with multiple entities

The type of wireless adapters Will depend on your wireless PC For a desktop PCI adapter USB adapter For the laptop PC card ( PCMCIA card) Use an adapter that matches your router to get maximum throughput

Installing the wireless adapter Use the installation instructions that come with your wireless adapter Using the correct sequence Install hardware Use CD that comes with the hardware Install the driver Install the software (utility program)

Connecting the wireless computer to the access point Have the remote computer scan for networks Find SSID of your network and select it enter the encryption key that was used to set up the wireless part of the router Confirm key if necessary Click on connect You should be connected to the network

Finalize Wireless Security as needed Disable the SSID broadcast if wanted Change the User Name and Passwords on the wireless router Setup MAC Filter Change the routers local IP address

Additional information Acronyms AES Advanced Encryption Standard DSL Digital Subscriber Line. Usually through your telephone company DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol HTTP "HyperText Transfer Protocol” This is the protocol used to format and transfer data over the internet. When you enter a URL in your browser, this actually sends an HTTP command to the Web server directing it to fetch and transmit the requested Web page.. IPSEC IP Security ISP internet service provider LAN local-area network L2TP Layer Two (2) Tunneling Protocol. Used with virtual private network MANET mobile ad-hoc network MIMO multiple-input multiple-output Mbs million bits per second

Additional information Acronyms PCMCIA Short for Personal Computer Memory Card International Association. PC card. PING Packet Internet Groper, A utility to determine whether a specific IP address is accessible PPPoE Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet PPTP Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol. Used with virtual private network SSID Service Set Identifier TKIP Temporal Key Integrity Protocol. Used with virtual private network USB Universal Serial Bus URL An Internet address (example, http://www.google.com or 64.233.187.99 are the sane location) VPN virtual private network WAN wide-area network WEP Wired Equivalent Privacy