Food Chains and Food Webs

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Transcript presentasi:

Food Chains and Food Webs BIOLOGI LAUT Pertemuan ke-4

Apakah arti Food Chain?

What is a Food Chain? Rantai Makanan adalah rantai/jalur dimana energi berpindah dari satu makluk hidup ke makluk hidup lain

Trophic Level Kelompok organisme yang mendapatkan energi dengan jalan yang sama

Apa yang ada Dalam Food Chain? Produsen Konsumen Dekomposer

Producers Produser membuat makanan mereka sendiri Tumbuhan hijau dan phytoplankton memakai energi matahari utk membuat makanan Produser terletak di bawah dalam rantai makanan

Consumers Konsumen berburu, mengambil dan menyimpan makanan karena mereka tidak dapat membuat makanan sendiri

Decomposers Mikroorganisme yang bisa memecah molekul besar menjadi kecil Dekomposer mengembalikan nutrient yang ada dalam makluk hidup ke dalam tanah/sedimen

Let’s Look at a Food Chain A food chain is a simplified way to look at the energy that passes from producers to consumers.

Predator & Prey Predator- Hewan yang menangkap dan memakan hewan lain Prey- Hewan yang ditangkap dan dimakan

Secondary Production sum of all animal (heterotrophic) production Jumlah dari semua produksi hewan (heterotropik)

Energy cannot be recycled food chain depends on energy harvest by primary producers: plants are primary, all else is secondary

Transfer Efficiency of Food Chains

Ecological Efficiency = Transfer Efficiency efficiency of energy transfer between trophic levels

~20%for herbivores 10-15% for carnivores 80-90% of energy is lost due to respiration

What is a Food Web?

What is a Food Web? Bentuk yang lebih realistik dalam melihat hubungan dari tumbuhan dan hewan di lingkungan Beberapa food chains yang saling berhubungan predator dari salah satu food chain mungkin berhubungan dengan prey dari food chain lainnya

Food Webs How many food chains can you make from this food web?

Problems mostly still too complex to be accurately modelled or budgeted Benthic species can interact with pelagic food webs; e.g. shellfish filter plankton out of the water, and carnivores feed on larvae of benthic species

Benefits Food web analysis can provide understanding on how ecosystem functions, how it might react upon disturbance (pollution, overfishing), can predict maximum sustainable commercial use (e.g. sustainable fish harvest)

Science, Volume 279, 6 Februari 1998

Microbial Loop Concept: The “microbial food web“ complements the classical food chain Major effect: returns dissolved organic carbon into particulate food web

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