Pengantar Teknik Industri Minggu 2: Ruang Lingkup dan Kurikulum Disiplin Teknik Industri 1

Mengapa ada Teknik Industri? Disiplin Teknik Industri lahir pada saat revolusi industri. Revolusi industri membuat cara produksi berubah dari craft industry menjadi mass production

Mengapa ada Teknik Industri? Persoalan merancang sistem manusia-mesin dan mengelola agar mencapai target produksi menjadi masalah yang tidak bisa diselesaikan disiplin engineering yang ada, Apa konsep dan ruang lingkup disiplin Teknik Industri ? 4

Pelopor Teknik Industri • Adam SMITH (1723 – 1790) Charles BABBAGE (1791 – 1871) • Eli WHITNEY (1765 – 1825) • Henry R. TOWNE (1844 – 1924) • Henry L. GANTT (1861 – 1919) Frederick W. TAYLOR (1856 – 1915) Frank B. GILBRETH (1868 – 1924) Lillian M. GILBRETH (1878 – 1972)

disiplin Teknik Industri berkembang ? Bagaimana disiplin Teknik Industri berkembang ? Teknologi mesin uap James Watt Mass production skala ekonomis Sistem pabrik Sistem pengendalian manajemen Kekuatan pendorong Konsep division of labour Adam Smith, Charles Babbage Konsep interchange ability of parts Eli Whitney Sistem pembagian kerja

Taylor: standard kerja Frank & Lillian Gilbreth: gerakan kerja Sistem pabrik Taylor: standard kerja Frank & Lillian Gilbreth: gerakan kerja Bagaimana melakukan perencanaan ? Mengorganisasikan kegiatan operasi EFISIENSI PRODUKTIVITAS Towne: manajemen (aspek penggajian) Gantt: penjadwalan kerja Disiplin TEKNIK INDUSTRI

Definisi TEKNIK INDUSTRI Industrial Engineering is concerned with the design, improvement, and installation of integrated systems of people, material, information, equipment, and energy. It draws upon specialized knowledge and skill in the mathematics, physical, and social sciences together with the principles and methods of engineering analysis and design to specify, predict, and evaluate the results to be obtained from such system.

PEMAHAMAN OBYEK KOMPETENSI DEFINISI PENGETAH UAN KETRAMPILAN 8

OBYEK RANCANGAN Manusia Peralatan + Material + Informasi + Energi SISTEM TERINTEGRASI Manusia Peralatan + Material + Informasi + Energi

Matematika Fisika Ilmu Sosial PENGETAHUAN (knowledge): Matematika Fisika Ilmu Sosial KETRAMPILAN (skill): Melakukan Analisis Engineering, Merancang

MERANCANG MEMPERBAIK I MEMASANG JOB: MERANCANG MEMPERBAIK I MEMASANG SISTEM TERINTEGRASI RESULT: MENSPESIFIKASI MEMPREDIKSI MENGEVALUASI PERFORMANSI EFISIENSI PRODUKTIVITA S KUALITAS

PERFORMANSI Hasil rancangan maupun perbaikan sistem integral diukur dengan: Efektivitas: seberapa jauh sistem dapat menghasilkan output yang diharapkan Efisiensi: seberapa besar sumber daya digunakan untuk mencapai output Produktivitas: jumlah output yang dihasilkan per unit input

Kualitas: ukuran pencapaian pemenuhan kebutuhan pelanggan Produktivitas tinggi SISTEM TERINTEGRASI Kualitas tinggi Tidak boros pemakaian: waktu, mesin, material, orang, uang, ……….. (efisiensi tinggi) KOMPETITIF

Management Control System (MCS) Human Activity System (HAS) KONSEP SISTEM INTEGRAL Jika sistem integral (integrated system) dilihat sebagai sistem manufaktur (manufacturing/industri al system) maka dapat dibedakan menjadi: MCS Manajemen HAS Lantai produksi Management Control System (MCS) Human Activity System (HAS) Bahan baku, komponen Produk jadi

Management Control System (1) Management Planning System Forecasting Procedures Budgeting and Economic Analysis Wage and Salary Plans Inventive Plans and Other Employee Relation System Recruiting, Training, and Placement of Employee Material Requirement Planning Inventory Control Production Scheduling Dispatching 17

Management Control System (2) Progress and status reporting Corrective action procedures Information system Quality control system Cost control and reduction Resources allocation Organization design Decision support system Etc

Human Activity Systems Manufacturing Process Material and All Other Resources Machines and Equipment Methods by Which Workers Perform Task Layout of Facilities and Specification of Material Flow Material Handling Equipment and Procedures Workplace Design Storage Space Size and Location Data Recording Procedures for Management Reporting Procedures for Maintenance and House Keeping Safety Procedures

Perspektif Level Perusahaan Lintasan produksi Stasiun kerja Sistem rantai pasok kerja (supply chain) bank, rumah sakit, perguruan tinggi

Bidang Kerja

Perubahan Fungsi TEKNIK INDUSTRI (1)

Perubahan Fungsi TEKNIK INDUSTRI (2)

Perkembangan Teknik Industri s/d 1950 Konsep-konsep: Wealth of nations: spesialisasi/keahlian untuk produktivitas Economy of machinery and manufature: pembagian kerja Principles of Scientific Management Human factors: micro-motion economy Principle of management 25

Perkembangan Teknik Industri 1950 - 1970 AIIE: American Institute of Industrial Engineers (1948) - Bidang perhatian: Teknik Tata Cara dan Pengukuran Kerja, Pengendalian: Produksi, Persediaan, Mutu, Anggaran, Biaya. Evaluasi jabatan, Sistem Pengupahan: analisis jabatan, analisis kerja, upah perangsang, administrasi pengupahan. Rancangan dan fasilitas pabrik: Tata letak, pengadaan dan peremajaan peralatan, perancangan produk, perkakas, peralatan. -Sarana: Statistika, Penelitian Operasional, Psikologi Industri 26

Perkembangan Teknik Industri 1970 - 1990 AIIE menjadi IIE: Institute of Industrial Engineers - Bidang perhatian: Bidang Industri: Antariksa, Bank dan Keuangan, Industri Elektronika, Pemerintahan, Seni Grafis, Pelayanan Kesehatan, Retail, Industri Baja, Transportasi dan Distribusi, Utilitas. Bidang Sistem Manusia dan Informasi: Komputer dan Sistem Informasi, Ekonomi Teknik, Ergonomi, Hubungan Kerja dan Industri, Manajemen, Pengukuran Kerja, Tata Cara. Bidang Sistem Produksi: Manajemen Energi, Perancangan dan Perencanaan Fasilitas, Sistem Manufaktur, Penelitian Operasional, Pengendalian Produksi dan Persediaan, Pengendalian Mutu, Keandalan. 26

Perkembangan Teknik Industri sejak1990 Topik-topik baru: CIM: Computer Integrated Manufacturing DSS: Decision Support System JIT: Just-in-Time Process Planning, Lean Manufacturing, TOC ( Theory of Constraint) Supply Chain Perkembangan variasi dari Sistem Produksi, Penelitian Operasional, Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia, dsb. Knowledge-based Management, dll. Topik-topik lama tetap berkembang: Ergonomi Perancangan Produk, Perencanaan Fasilitas, dsb. Didasari oleh perkembangan komputer dan teknologi informasi. 27

Chronology of Development In the Evolution of IE Macro View Micro View Industrial & System Engineering Operation Research Industrial Engineering Scientific Management Interchangeable Time Studi Piece Work Layout Net- work Optimi- zation Auto- CIM mation Accounting Part SQC 1494 1750 1890 1900 1915 1929 1941 1958 1980 1990 2000 Industrial World Depres Space High Globalizatio n Revolution War I sion War II Age Technology 28

Structure body of knowledge (Billes, 1991) 29

Lingkup fungsi utama Teknik Industri Production Engineering Operational Science Ergonomics/H uman Factors Engineering (Biles, 1991) 30

Body of knowledge (1) Production Engineering: ilmu dan pengetahuan yang berkenaan dengan perancangan dan pengelolaan proses manufaktur serta perencanaaan dan pengendalian produksi, seperti Perencanaan dan Pengendalian Produksi, Tata Letak Pabrik, dll. 31

Body of knowledge (2) Operational Science: ilmu dan pengetahuan yang berkaitan dengan pengaturan perilaku dan pengelolaan kelompok kerja, seperti Penelitian Operasional, Perancangan Organisasi, Sistem Informasi Manajemen, Analisis Ekonomi, dll. 32

Body of knowledge (3) Ergonomics/Human Factors Engineering: ilmu dan pengetahuan yang berkaitan dengan pemberdayaan manusia dalam sistem integral seperti Ergonomi, Perancangan Kerja, Administrasi Pengupahan, Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja, dll. 33

Profesi Teknik Industri (1) Ketrampilan dan kualitas yang dibutuhkan (IIE, 2001): Good math skills Strong time management skills Mechanical aptitude Good common sense A strong desire for organization and efficiency Excellent communication/salesmanship Creative problem solving 34

Profesi Teknik Industri (2) Ketrampilan dan kualitas yang dibutuhkan (IIE, 2001): Quantitative skills Technical competency Continuous drive for improvement Resourcefulness Listening skills Negotiation skills Diplomacy Patience 35

Profesi Teknik Industri (3) Ketrampilan dan kualitas yang dibutuhkan (IIE, 2001): individuals. Inquisitive mind Continuous desire to learn Leadership skills Ethics Passion for improvement Ability to adapt to many environments , wear man y hats and interact with a diverse group of 36

Kualifikasi Global (1) Kualifikasi Keteknikan: (ABET) An ability to apply knowledge of mathematics, science, and engineering. An ability to design and conduct experiments, as well as to analyze and interpret data. An ability to design a system, component, or process to meet desired needs. An ability to function on multi-disciplinary teams. An ability to identify, formulate, and solve engineering problems. 37

Kualifikasi Global (2) Kualifikasi Keteknikan: (ABET) An understanding of professional an ethical responsibility. An ability to communicate effectively. The broad education necessary to understand the impact of engineering solutions in a global and social context. (i)A recognition of the need for, and an ability to engage in life-long learning. (j)A knowledge of contemporary issues. (k)An ability to use the techniques, skills, and modern engineering tools necessary for engineering practice. 38

Kriteria program studi Teknik Industri The program must demonstrate that graduates have the ability to design, develop, implement and improve integrated systems that include people, materials, information, equipment, and energy. The program must include in-depth instruction to accomplish the integration of systems using appropriate analytical, computational, and experimental practices. 39

Kurikulum Teknik Industri (2011/2012) Mata Kuliah berdasarkan kategori (1): No. Kategori Mata Kuliah 1 Mathematics Kalkulus I & II Matriks dan Ruang Vektor Kalkulus Peubah Banyak 2 Basic Sciences: - Physical Sciences Fisika Dasar I & II - Life Sciences & Pengantar Ilmu Ekonomi Management Analisis Biaya Psikologi Industri Perancangan Organisasi Pengantar Bisnis & Manajemen 40

Mata Kuliah berdasarkan kategori: (2) No. Kategori Mata Kuliah 3 Engineering Sciences - General Menggambar Teknik Mekanika Teknik Material Teknik Elektronika Industri Pemrograman Dasar Komputer - Industrial Engineering Pengantar Teknik Industri Teori Probabilitas Statistika Industri Ekonomi Teknik 41

Mata Kuliah berdasarkan kategori: (3) No. Kategori Mata Kuliah - Industrial Engineering - General Simulasi Komputer Pemodelan Sistem - Production Engineering Proses Manufaktur Perencanaan & Pengendalian Produksi Pengendalian & Penjaminan Mutu - Operational Science Optimasi Model Stokastik - Ergonomics/Human Analisa & Perancangan Kerja Factors Engineering Perancangan Sistem Kerja & Ergonomi 42

Mata Kuliah berdasarkan kategori: (4) No. Kategori Mata Kuliah 4 Attitude & Skills Pendidikan Agama Pendidikan Pancasila Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Bahasa Indonesia Bahasa Inggris I & II Seminar Tugas Akhir 43