Systems Analysis and Design with UML romi@romisatriawahono.net Object-Oriented Programming Systems Analysis and Design with UML http://romisatriawahono.net
Learning Design Educational Objectives (Benjamin Bloom) Cognitive Affective Psychomotor Criterion Referenced Instruction (Robert Mager) Competencies Performance Evaluation Minimalism (John Carroll) Start Immediately Minimize the Reading Error Recognition Self-Contained
Learning Design Pretest dan Posttest untuk Mengukur Kompetensi Kognifif Penyajian Materi dengan Model Minimalism berbasis Konsep Amati-Tiru-Modifikasi Latihan Secara Iteratif untuk Meningkatkan Kompetensi Kognitif dan Psikomotorik Penugasan berbasis Self-Contained Project dan Literatur Review
Textbook romi@romisatriawahono.net Object-Oriented Programming http://romisatriawahono.net
romi@romisatriawahono.net References Object-Oriented Programming Alan Dennis et al, Systems Analysis and Design with UML 4th Edition, John Wiley and Sons, 2013 Kenneth E. Kendall and Julie E Kendall, Systems Analysis and Design 8th Edition, Prentice Hall, 2010 Hassan Gomaa, Software Modeling and Design: UML, Use Cases, Patterns, and Software Architectures, Cambridge University Press, 2011 Gary B. Shelly and Harry J. Rosenblatt, Systems Analysis and Design 9th Edition, Course Technology, 2011 Howard Podeswa, UML for the IT Business Analyst 2nd Edition, Course Technology, 2009 Jeffrey A. Hoffer et al, Modern Systems Analysis and Design 6th Edition, Prentice Hall, 2010 http://romisatriawahono.net
romi@romisatriawahono.net Pre-Test Object-Oriented Programming Sebutkan tahapan pengembangan sistem atau system development life cycle (SDLC)! Sebutkan beberapa metodologi pengembangan sistem yang anda ketahui! Gambarkan requirement di bawah dengan use case diagram! Buat program yang menampilkan tulisan "Halo Jakarta" di layar monitor, dengan bahasa pemrograman yang anda kuasai! SISTEM ELIBRARY Sistem elibrary memungkinkan pengguna untuk melakukan registrasi dan login Setelah menjadi member, pengguna dapat memodifikasi profile, serta mencari dan mendownload koleksi buku elibrary Admin sistem elibrary melakukan approval terhadap registrasi dan menampilkan laporan aktifitas pengguna secara individual maupun total http://romisatriawahono.net
Course Contents Introduction Project Planning System Analysis System Design System Implementation
1. INTRODUCTION romi@romisatriawahono.net Object-Oriented Programming http://romisatriawahono.net
romi@romisatriawahono.net Learning Objectives Object-Oriented Programming Understand the system analysis and design and the term of analyst Understand the system development life cycle and its four phases Understand the evolution of system development methodologies Be familier with the Unified Modeling Language (UML) version 2.0 Understand the characteristics of object-oriented paradigm http://romisatriawahono.net
romi@romisatriawahono.net Key Ideas Object-Oriented Programming More than half of all systems development projects Fail (42% - Standish Group, 53% - General Accounting Office) Canceled before completion System is never used once finished Doesn't provide the expected benefits Most of the ones that don't fail: Are delivered late Are over budget Don't provide the features promised http://romisatriawahono.net
Recent Significant IT Failures romi@romisatriawahono.net Object-Oriented Programming Recent Significant IT Failures Company Year Outcome Hudson Bay (Canada) 2005 Inventory system problems lead to $33.3 million loss UK Inland Revenue 2004/5 $3.45 billion tax-credit overpayment caused by software errors Avis Europe PLC (UK) 2004 Enterprise resource planning (ERP) system cancelled after $54.5 million spent Ford Motor Co. Purchasing system abandoned after deployment costing approximately $400 M Hewlett-Packard Co. ERP system problems contribute to $160 million loss AT&T Wireless Customer relations management (CRM) system upgrade problems lead to $100M loss http://romisatriawahono.net
romi@romisatriawahono.net Object-Oriented Programming http://romisatriawahono.net
Is it Possible? romi@romisatriawahono.net Object-Oriented Programming http://romisatriawahono.net
Systems Analyst and Its Roles romi@romisatriawahono.net Object-Oriented Programming Systems Analyst and Its Roles http://romisatriawahono.net
Analyst Related Role Business analyst System analyst Infrastructure analyst Change management analyst Project manager
Business Analyst Focuses on business issues surrounding the system romi@romisatriawahono.net Business Analyst Object-Oriented Programming Focuses on business issues surrounding the system The business value of the system Improvements in business processes New business processes needed with new system Requires business skills and professional training http://romisatriawahono.net
romi@romisatriawahono.net System Analyst Object-Oriented Programming The systems analyst is a key person analyzing the business, identifying opportunities for improvement, and designing information systems to implement these ideas Focuses on Information System (IS) Issues How IS can improve business processes Designs new information system Ensures IS quality standards are maintained Requires training & experience in design analysis, programming, business (to lesser degree) http://romisatriawahono.net
Infrastructure Analyst romi@romisatriawahono.net Infrastructure Analyst Object-Oriented Programming Focuses on interfaces between new system & existing infrastructure Makes sure new system follows organizational standards Identifies required infrastructure changes Requires experience in network & database administration Requires knowledge of hardware systems http://romisatriawahono.net
Change Management Analyst romi@romisatriawahono.net Change Management Analyst Object-Oriented Programming Focuses on system installation Documentation & support for users Coordinate training of users Strategies to overcome resistance Requires experience in organizational behavior Requires experience in change management http://romisatriawahono.net
Project Manager Responsible for schedule and budget romi@romisatriawahono.net Project Manager Object-Oriented Programming Responsible for schedule and budget Ensures promised benefits are delivered Manages team members Responsible for project plan and reporting progress Requires project management experience http://romisatriawahono.net
romi@romisatriawahono.net Object-Oriented Programming http://romisatriawahono.net
Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) romi@romisatriawahono.net Object-Oriented Programming Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) http://romisatriawahono.net
Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) romi@romisatriawahono.net Object-Oriented Programming Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) Planning Analysis Design Implementation http://romisatriawahono.net
Project Phases Planning: Why build the system? romi@romisatriawahono.net Project Phases Object-Oriented Programming Planning: Why build the system? System request, feasibility analysis, project size estimation Analysis: Who, what, when, where will the system be? Requirement gathering, business process modeling Design: How will the system work? Program design, user interface design, data design Implementation: System construction and delivery System construction, testing, documentation and installation http://romisatriawahono.net
Planning Identifying business value (System Request) romi@romisatriawahono.net Planning Object-Oriented Programming Identifying business value (System Request) Lower costs Increase profits Analyze feasibility Technical Feasibility Economic Feasibility Organizational Feasibility Estimating the size of project (System Proposal) http://romisatriawahono.net
Analysis Requirement gathering by answering the questions: romi@romisatriawahono.net Analysis Object-Oriented Programming Requirement gathering by answering the questions: Who will use the system? What will the system do? When will it be used? Investigate the current system Identify possible improvements Develop a concept for new system (Business Process Model) http://romisatriawahono.net
Design (System Specification) Program Design (UML Diagrams) romi@romisatriawahono.net Design Object-Oriented Programming Program Design (UML Diagrams) What programs need to be written Exactly what each program will do User Interface Design How users interact with system Forms / reports used by the system Data Design (ER Diagrams) What data is to be stored What format the data will be in Where the data will be stored (System Specification) http://romisatriawahono.net
Implementation Construction Testing Installation romi@romisatriawahono.net Implementation Object-Oriented Programming Construction New system is built and tested Often testing is the longest part Testing Unit Testing Integration Testing System Testing User Acceptance Test Installation Old system is turned off New system is turned on http://romisatriawahono.net
Processes and Deliverables romi@romisatriawahono.net Processes and Deliverables Object-Oriented Programming Process Product Planning Analysis Design Implementation System Proposal System Specification New System with Testing/Maintenance Plan http://romisatriawahono.net
SDLC and Deliverables Planning Analysis (System Specification) romi@romisatriawahono.net Object-Oriented Programming SDLC and Deliverables Planning (System Proposal) Analysis (System Specification) Design (System Specification) Implementation (New System) http://romisatriawahono.net
Systems Development Methodologies romi@romisatriawahono.net Object-Oriented Programming Systems Development Methodologies http://romisatriawahono.net
romi@romisatriawahono.net What Is a Methodology? Object-Oriented Programming A formalized approach to implementing the SDLC (series of steps and deliverables) Writing code without a well-thought-out system request may work for small programs, but rarely works for large ones http://romisatriawahono.net
Major Methodologies Structured Design RAD Development romi@romisatriawahono.net Major Methodologies Object-Oriented Programming Structured Design Waterfall method Parallel development RAD Development Phased Development Prototyping Throw-away Prototyping Agile Development Extreme Programming (XP) Scrum http://romisatriawahono.net
Structured Design Methodology romi@romisatriawahono.net Structured Design Methodology Object-Oriented Programming Projects move methodically from one to the next step Generally, a step is finished before the next one begins http://romisatriawahono.net
Waterfall Method
Pros - Cons of the Waterfall Method romi@romisatriawahono.net Pros - Cons of the Waterfall Method Object-Oriented Programming Pros Cons Design must be specified on paper before programming begins Identifies systems requirements long before programming Begins, it minimizes change to the requirements as the project proceed (mature) Long time between system proposal and delivery of new system Rework is very hard http://romisatriawahono.net
romi@romisatriawahono.net Parallel Development Object-Oriented Programming Addresses problem of time gap between proposal and delivery General process: Breaks project into parallel subproject Integrates them at the end http://romisatriawahono.net
Parallel Development romi@romisatriawahono.net Object-Oriented Programming http://romisatriawahono.net
Rapid Application Development romi@romisatriawahono.net Rapid Application Development Object-Oriented Programming Phased development A series of versions Prototyping System prototyping Throw-away prototyping Design prototyping http://romisatriawahono.net
Rapid Application Development romi@romisatriawahono.net Rapid Application Development Object-Oriented Programming Critical elements to speed up the SDLC: CASE tools Visual programming languages Code generators http://romisatriawahono.net
RAD: Phased Development romi@romisatriawahono.net Object-Oriented Programming RAD: Phased Development Break overall system into a series of versions Each version has Analysis, Design, and Implementation Output from on version is the input to the next Incorporate ideas, issues, lessons learned in one version into the next version http://romisatriawahono.net
romi@romisatriawahono.net Object-Oriented Programming http://romisatriawahono.net
RAD: Phased Development romi@romisatriawahono.net Object-Oriented Programming RAD: Phased Development Pros Cons Gets useful system to users quickly Most important functions tested most Initial system is intentionally incomplete System requirements expand as users see versions http://romisatriawahono.net
romi@romisatriawahono.net RAD: Prototyping Object-Oriented Programming Analysis, Design, Implementation are performed concurrently Start with a "quick-and-dirty" prototype Provides minimal functionality Repeat process, refining the prototype each time Stop when prototype is a working system http://romisatriawahono.net
RAD: Prototyping romi@romisatriawahono.net Object-Oriented Programming http://romisatriawahono.net
RAD: Prototyping Pros Cons romi@romisatriawahono.net RAD: Prototyping Object-Oriented Programming Pros Cons Fast paced. Hard to conduct careful, methodical analysis Gets working system to users quickly Reassures users that the project is progressing Initial design decisions have long term staying power Problems may come to light late in design, requiring re-design Quickly refines true requirements http://romisatriawahono.net
RAD: Throw-Away Prototyping romi@romisatriawahono.net RAD: Throw-Away Prototyping Object-Oriented Programming Use prototypes only to understand requirements Example: use html to show UI Prototype is not a working design Once requirements are understood, the prototypes are thrown away The system is then built using SDLC http://romisatriawahono.net
RAD: Throw-Away Prototyping romi@romisatriawahono.net RAD: Throw-Away Prototyping Object-Oriented Programming http://romisatriawahono.net
Agile Development Just a few rules that are easy to learn and follow romi@romisatriawahono.net Agile Development Object-Oriented Programming Just a few rules that are easy to learn and follow Streamline the SDLC Eliminate much of the modeling and documentation Emphasize simple, iterative application development Examples include: Extreme Programming (XP) Scrum Dynamic Systems Development Model (DSDM) http://romisatriawahono.net
Extreme Programming (XP) romi@romisatriawahono.net Extreme Programming (XP) Object-Oriented Programming “Core Values” of XP Communication – All to All Simplicity – KISS, refactoring Feedback – Embrace Change Courage – Quality First, test and efficient coding http://romisatriawahono.net
Extreme Programming (XP) romi@romisatriawahono.net Extreme Programming (XP) Object-Oriented Programming User Stories about system do Code small program using defined standards Naming conventions Coding practices User Feedback Repeat http://romisatriawahono.net
Extreme Programming (XP) romi@romisatriawahono.net Extreme Programming (XP) Object-Oriented Programming http://romisatriawahono.net
Selecting the Appropriate Methodology romi@romisatriawahono.net Selecting the Appropriate Methodology Object-Oriented Programming Clarity of User Requirements Familiarity with Technology System Complexity System Reliability Short Time Schedules Schedule Visibility http://romisatriawahono.net
Selecting the Right Methodology romi@romisatriawahono.net Selecting the Right Methodology Object-Oriented Programming http://romisatriawahono.net
Exercise: Selecting Methodology romi@romisatriawahono.net Exercise: Selecting Methodology Object-Oriented Programming Suppose you are an analyst for the Roanoke Software Consulting Company (RSCC), a large consulting firm with offices around the world. The company wants to build a new knowledge management system that can identify and track the expertise of individual consultants anywhere in the world based on their education and the various consulting projects on which they have worked. Assume that this is a new idea that never done before been attempted in RSCC or elsewhere. RSCC has an international network, but the offices in each country may use somewhat different hardware and software. RSCC management wants the system up and running within a year. http://romisatriawahono.net
The Unified Modelling Language (UML) romi@romisatriawahono.net Object-Oriented Programming The Unified Modelling Language (UML) http://romisatriawahono.net
Analysis Design Paradigm and Diagrams Data-oriented DFD Process-oriented Flowchart Object-oriented (data + process) UML
Sejarah UML In the 90s many people creating OO diagramming languages Booch, Jacobson, Rumbaugh In the 90s many people creating OO diagramming languages Three different ones created by Grady Booch, Ivar Jacobson, James Rumbaugh Joined forces with Rational (company) to create Unified Modeling Langauge (UML)
Sejarah UML 2011 UML 2.4
What is the UML? UML: Unified Modeling Language UML can be used for modeling all processes in the development life cycle and across different implementation technologies (technology and language independent) UML is the standard language for visualizing, specifying, constructing, and documenting the artifacts of a software-intensive system UML is a communication tool – for the team, and other stakeholders
Modeling captures essential parts of the system (James Rumbaugh) Why Modeling? Modeling captures essential parts of the system (James Rumbaugh) Business Process Computer System Visual Modeling is modeling using standard graphical notations
The Triangle of Success in Software Dev. Notation: Standard Tools: Support Standard and Process Process: Customer-Oriented Methodology
UML Tools Rational Rose Visual Paradigm Enterprise Architect Microsoft Visio Star UML Netbeans UML Plugin
UML Diagrams Target System Use-Case Diagram The point to be made is that the UML is the language we use to visually model. Since it is a widely adopted standard, it facilitates the understanding and communication of the visual models we create. Activity and object diagrams are not shown on this slide. These diagrams can be used to model workflows in business process engineering. Statechart Diagram Class Diagram Use Case 1 GrpFile read( ) open( ) create( ) fillFile( ) rep Repository name : char * = 0 readDoc( ) readFile( ) (from Persistence) FileMgr fetchDoc( ) sortByName( ) DocumentList add( ) delete( ) Document name : int docid : int numField : int get( ) close( ) sortFileList( ) fillDocument( ) fList 1 FileList File read() fill the code.. Actor A Actor B Use Case 2 Use Case 3 Deployment Diagram Collaboration Diagram 9: sortByName ( ) Document FileManager GraphicFile File Repository DocumentList FileList mainWnd : MainWnd Window95 Windows95 1: Doc view request ( ) Windows95 L 2: fetchDoc( ) 4: create ( ) gFile : GrpFile ¹®¼°ü¸® Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®.EXE ¹®¼°ü¸® ¾ÖÇø´ 8: fillFile ( ) Windows user : Clerk NT Solaris fileMgr : FileMgr ¹®¼°ü¸® ¿£Áø.EXE 6: fillDocument ( ) 3: create ( ) Alpha Windows UNIX NT ÀÀ¿ë¼¹ö.EXE 7: readFile ( ) 5: readDoc ( ) Mainframe IBM repository : Repository document : Document Visual modeling with the UML makes application architecture tangible, permitting us to assess it in multiple dimensions. How portable is it? Can it exploit expected advances in parallel processing? How can you modify it to support a family of applications? We have discussed the importance of architectural resilience and quality. The UML enables us to evaluate these key characteristics during early iterations — at a point when design defects can be corrected before threatening project success. Advances in forward and reverse engineering techniques permit changes to an application’s model to be reflected automatically in its source code, and changes to its source code to be automatically reflected in its model. This is critical when using an iterative process, in which we expect such changes with each iteration. µ¥ÀÌŸº£À̽º¼¹ö Component Diagram mainWnd fileMgr : FileMgr document : Document gFile repository user Target System »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ ¿äûÇÑ´Ù. ƯÁ¤¹®¼¿¡ ´ëÇÑ º¸±â¸¦ 1: Doc view request ( ) 2: fetchDoc( ) 3: create ( ) 4: create ( ) 5: readDoc ( ) ÈÀÏ°ü¸®ÀÚ´Â Àоî¿Â ¹®¼ÀÇ Á¤º¸¸¦ ÇØ´ç ¹®¼ °´Ã¼¿¡ ¼³Á¤À» ¿äûÇÑ´Ù. 6: fillDocument ( ) 7: readFile ( ) 8: fillFile ( ) Forward and Reverse Engineering °´Ã¼µé¿¡ ´ëÇØ À̸§º°·Î È¸é °´Ã¼´Â ÀоîµéÀÎ Á¤·ÄÀ» ½ÃÄÑ È¸é¿¡ º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. 9: sortByName ( ) Sequence Diagram Module 1 - Best Practices of Software Engineering
UML 2.0 UML version 2.0 has 14 diagrams in 2 major groups: romi@romisatriawahono.net UML 2.0 Object-Oriented Programming UML version 2.0 has 14 diagrams in 2 major groups: Structure Diagrams Behavior Diagrams http://romisatriawahono.net
UML 2.0 Diagram
UML Structure Diagrams Represent the data and static relationships in an information system Class Diagram Object Diagram Package Diagram Deployment Diagram Component Diagram Composite Structure Diagram
Structure Diagrams Class Diagrams Object Diagrams Common vocabulary used by analyst and users Represent things (employee, paycheck,…) Shows the relationships between classes Object Diagrams Similar to class diagrams Instantiation of a class diagram Relationships between objects Package Diagrams Group UML elements together to form higher level constructs
Structure Diagrams Deployment Diagrams Component Diagrams Shows the physical architecture and software components of system For example, network nodes Component Diagrams Physical relationships among software components Example – Client/Server (Which machines run which software) Composite Structure Illustrates internal structure of a complex class
UML Behavior Diagrams Depict the dynamic relationships among the instances or objects that represent the business information system Activity Diagram Timing Diagram Sequence Diagram Behavior State Machine Communication Diagram Protocol State Machine Interaction Diagram Use Case Diagrams
Behavior Diagrams Activity Diagrams Interaction Diagrams Model processes in an information system Example: Business workflows, business logic Interaction Diagrams Shows interaction among objects Sequence Diagrams Time-based ordering of the interaction Communication Diagrams Communication among a set of collaborating objects of an activity
Behavior Diagrams Interaction Diagrams Timing Diagrams State Machines Overview of flow of control of a process Timing Diagrams Show how an object changes over time State Machines Examines behavior of one class Models the different states and state transitions an object can experience Use-Case Diagrams Shows interaction between the system and environment Captures business requirements
UML Problems UML is modeling notation, it is not a development process or a methodology UML driven development process? UML is too complex, difficult to understand quickly Should we use all UML diagrams?
UML Process (Simple Version) romi@romisatriawahono.net Object-Oriented Programming UML Process (Simple Version) Display the boundary of a system and its major functions using use cases and actors Model the organization’s business process with activity diagram Illustrate use case realizations with sequence diagrams Represent a static structure of a system using class diagrams Reveal the physical implementation architecture with deployment diagrams http://romisatriawahono.net
UML Process (Simple Version) romi@romisatriawahono.net UML Process (Simple Version) Object-Oriented Programming Use Cases Diagram Activity Diagram Sequence Diagram Class Diagram Deployment Diagrams http://romisatriawahono.net
(Kendall and Kendall, 2011)
System Analysis and Design with UML Business Process Identification Use Case Diagram Business Process Modeling Activity Diagram or Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN) Business Process Realization Sequence Diagram (Buat untuk setiap use case dengan menggunakan pola Boundary-Control-Entity) System Design Program Design Class Diagram (Gabungkan Boundary-Control-Entity Class dan susun story dari sistem yang dibangun) Package Diagram (Gabungan class yang sesuai, boleh menggunakan pola B-C-E) Deployment Diagram (arsitektur software dari sistem yang dibangun) User Interface Design (Buat UI design dari Boundary Class) Entity-Relationship Model (Buat ER diagram dari Entity Class)
Case Study: ATM System romi@romisatriawahono.net Object-Oriented Programming Case Study: ATM System http://romisatriawahono.net
ATM System romi@romisatriawahono.net Object-Oriented Programming http://romisatriawahono.net
ATM System Layar Kotak Uang Kotak Kartu Kotak Kuitansi romi@romisatriawahono.net ATM System Object-Oriented Programming Layar Kotak Uang Kotak Kartu Kotak Kuitansi http://romisatriawahono.net
Masukkan PIN: Kotak Uang Kotak Kartu Kotak Kuitansi romi@romisatriawahono.net Object-Oriented Programming Masukkan PIN: Kotak Uang Kotak Kartu Kotak Kuitansi http://romisatriawahono.net
Menu Utama Melihat Saldo Mengirim Uang Mengambil Uang Logout romi@romisatriawahono.net Object-Oriented Programming Menu Utama Melihat Saldo Mengirim Uang Mengambil Uang Logout Kotak Uang Kotak Kartu Kotak Kuitansi http://romisatriawahono.net
Saldo anda adalah …. Menu Melihat Saldo Kotak Uang Kotak Kartu romi@romisatriawahono.net Object-Oriented Programming Menu Melihat Saldo Saldo anda adalah …. Kotak Uang Kotak Kartu Kotak Kuitansi http://romisatriawahono.net
No Account Penerima: Menu Mengirim Uang Kotak Uang Kotak Kartu romi@romisatriawahono.net Object-Oriented Programming Menu Mengirim Uang No Account Penerima: Kotak Uang Kotak Kartu Kotak Kuitansi http://romisatriawahono.net
Jumlah uang yang dikirim: romi@romisatriawahono.net Object-Oriented Programming Menu Mengirim Uang Jumlah uang yang dikirim: Kotak Uang Kotak Kartu Kotak Kuitansi http://romisatriawahono.net
Uang berhasil terkirim romi@romisatriawahono.net Object-Oriented Programming Menu Mengirim Uang Uang berhasil terkirim Kotak Uang Kotak Kartu Kotak Kuitansi http://romisatriawahono.net
Jumlah uang yang diambil: romi@romisatriawahono.net Object-Oriented Programming Menu Mengambil Uang Jumlah uang yang diambil: Kotak Uang Kotak Kartu Kotak Kuitansi http://romisatriawahono.net
Uang berhasil diambil Menu Mengambil Uang Kotak Uang Kotak Kartu romi@romisatriawahono.net Object-Oriented Programming Menu Mengambil Uang Uang berhasil diambil Kotak Uang Kotak Kartu Kotak Kuitansi http://romisatriawahono.net
Activity Diagram (Business Process)
Use Case Diagram
Use Case Diagram (Alternatif)
Use Case Diagram (Alternatif)
Sequence Diagram: Memasukkan Kartu
Type of Class Boundary Class Control Class Entity Class romi@romisatriawahono.net Type of Class Object-Oriented Programming Boundary Class Class yang berhubungan dengan actor (user interface) Control Class Class yang berhubungan dengan pemrosesan, komputasi, penghitungan, dsb Entity Class Class yang berhubungan dengan data (flat file or database) http://romisatriawahono.net
Sequence Diagram: Memasukkan PIN
Sequence Diagram: Melihat Saldo
Sequence Diagram: Mengirim Uang
Sequence Diagram: Mengambil Uang
Sequence Diagram: Melakukan Logout
Class Diagram
Deployment Diagram (2 Tier)
Deployment Diagram (3 Tier)
Data Model
User Interface Design
Object-Oriented Paradigm romi@romisatriawahono.net Object-Oriented Programming Object-Oriented Paradigm http://romisatriawahono.net
Konsep Dasar Pemrograman Berorientasi Objek romi@romisatriawahono.net Object-Oriented Programming Konsep Dasar Pemrograman Berorientasi Objek Class , Object, Method, Attribute http://romisatriawahono.net
Berorientasi Objek? Attribute: Topi, Baju, Jaket, romi@romisatriawahono.net Berorientasi Objek? Object-Oriented Programming Attribute: Topi, Baju, Jaket, Tas Punggung, Tangan, Kaki, Mata Behavior: Cara Jalan ke Depan Cara Jalan Mundur Cara Belok ke Kiri Cara Memanjat http://romisatriawahono.net
Berorientasi Objek? Attribute (State): Behavior: romi@romisatriawahono.net Berorientasi Objek? Object-Oriented Programming Attribute (State): Ban, Stir, Pedal Rem, Pedal Gas, Warna, Tahun Produksi Behavior: Cara Menghidupkan Mesin Cara Manjalankan Mobil Cara Memundurkan Mobil Attribute Variable(Member) Behavior Method(Fungsi) http://romisatriawahono.net
Perbedaan Class dan Object romi@romisatriawahono.net Perbedaan Class dan Object Object-Oriented Programming Class: konsep dan deskripsi dari sesuatu Class mendeklarasikan method yang dapat digunakan (dipanggil) oleh object Object: instance dari class, bentuk (contoh) nyata dari class Object memiliki sifat independen dan dapat digunakan untuk memanggil method Contoh Class dan Object: Class: mobil Object: mobilnya pak Joko, mobilku, mobil berwarna merah http://romisatriawahono.net
Perbedaan Class dan Object romi@romisatriawahono.net Perbedaan Class dan Object Object-Oriented Programming Class seperti cetakan kue, dimana kue yg dihasilkan dari cetakan kue itu adalah object Warna kue bisa bermacam-macam meskipun berasal dari cetakan yang sama (object memiliki sifat independen) http://romisatriawahono.net
Class = Method + Variable romi@romisatriawahono.net Object-Oriented Programming Class = Method + Variable Class Sepeda gir kecepatan variable tampilkan kecepatan ubah gir method http://romisatriawahono.net
Object = Method + Variable yg Memiliki Nilai romi@romisatriawahono.net Object-Oriented Programming Object = Method + Variable yg Memiliki Nilai Object Sepedaku gir = 3 instance variable kecepatan = 10km/jam tampilkan kecepatan () kecepatan = 10 km/jam instance method ubah gir (2) gir = 5 http://romisatriawahono.net
romi@romisatriawahono.net Object-Oriented Programming Attribute Variable yang mengitari class, dengan nilai datanya bisa ditentukan di object Variable digunakan untuk menyimpan nilai yang nantinya akan digunakan pada program Variable memiliki jenis (tipe), nama dan nilai Name, age, dan weight adalah atribute (variabel) dari class Person http://romisatriawahono.net
Membuat Class, Object dan Memanggil Atribut romi@romisatriawahono.net Object-Oriented Programming Membuat Class, Object dan Memanggil Atribut Mobil.java public class Mobil { String warna; int tahunProduksi; } MobilBeraksi.java public class MobilBeraksi{ public static void main(String[] args){ // Membuat object Mobil mobilku = new Mobil(); /* memanggil atribut dan memberi nilai */ mobilku.warna = "Hitam"; mobilku.tahunProduksi = 2006; System.out.println("Warna: " + mobilku.warna); System.out.println("Tahun: " + mobilku.tahunProduksi); } http://romisatriawahono.net
Latihan: Membuat Program dg Netbeans romi@romisatriawahono.net Object-Oriented Programming Latihan: Membuat Program dg Netbeans Buka Netbeans IDE Ikuti langkah berikut http://romisatriawahono.net
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romi@romisatriawahono.net Object-Oriented Programming http://romisatriawahono.net
romi@romisatriawahono.net Object-Oriented Programming http://romisatriawahono.net
romi@romisatriawahono.net Object-Oriented Programming http://romisatriawahono.net
Method Method adalah urutan instruksi yang mengakses data dari object romi@romisatriawahono.net Object-Oriented Programming Method Method adalah urutan instruksi yang mengakses data dari object Method melakukan: Manipulasi data Perhitungan matematika Memonitor kejadian dari suatu event http://romisatriawahono.net
Method romi@romisatriawahono.net Object-Oriented Programming http://romisatriawahono.net
Membuat dan Memanggil Method romi@romisatriawahono.net Object-Oriented Programming Membuat dan Memanggil Method public class Mobil2{ String warna; int tahunProduksi; void printMobil(){ System.out.println("Warna: " + warna); System.out.println("Tahun: " + tahunProduksi); } Mobil2.java public class Mobil2Beraksi{ public static void main(String[] args){ Mobil2 mobilku = new Mobil2(); mobilku.warna = "Hitam"; mobilku.tahunProduksi = 2006; mobilku.printMobil(); } Mobil2Beraksi.java http://romisatriawahono.net
Latihan Buat class Handphone yang berisi empat method: hidupkan() romi@romisatriawahono.net Latihan Object-Oriented Programming Buat class Handphone yang berisi empat method: hidupkan() lakukanPanggilan() kirimSMS() matikan() Isi masing-masing method dengan tampilan status menggunakan System.out.println() Buat class HandphoneBeraksi, dan panggil method-method diatas dalam class tersebut http://romisatriawahono.net
Latihan: Hasil Tampilan romi@romisatriawahono.net Latihan: Hasil Tampilan Object-Oriented Programming Handphone hidup … Kring, kring, kring … panggilan dilakukan Dung, dung … sms berhasil terkirim Handphone mati … http://romisatriawahono.net
Jenis Method: Mutator dan Accessor romi@romisatriawahono.net Jenis Method: Mutator dan Accessor Object-Oriented Programming http://romisatriawahono.net
romi@romisatriawahono.net Parameter Object-Oriented Programming Sepeda akan berguna apabila ada object lain yang berinterasi dengan sepeda tersebut Object software berinteraksi dan berkomunikasi dengan object lain dengan cara mengirimkan message atau pesan Pesan adalah suatu method, dan informasi dalam pesan dikenal dengan nama parameter http://romisatriawahono.net
Pengiriman Pesan dan Parameter romi@romisatriawahono.net Pengiriman Pesan dan Parameter Object-Oriented Programming You object pengirim YourBicycle object penerima changeGears pesan berupa method yang dijalankan lowerGear parameter yang dibutuhkan method (pesan) untuk dijalankan http://romisatriawahono.net
romi@romisatriawahono.net Object-Oriented Programming http://romisatriawahono.net
Sepeda.java public class Sepeda{ int gir; romi@romisatriawahono.net Object-Oriented Programming Sepeda.java public class Sepeda{ int gir; // method (mutator) dengan parameter void setGir(int pertambahanGir) { gir= gir+ pertambahanGir; } // method (accessor) int getGir() { return gir; http://romisatriawahono.net
romi@romisatriawahono.net Object-Oriented Programming SepedaBeraksi.java public class SepedaBeraksi{ public static void main(String[] args) { // Membuat object Sepeda sepedaku = new Sepeda(); // Memanggil method dan menunjuk nilai parameter sepedaku.setGir(1); // menset nilai gir = 1 System.out.println(“Gir saat ini: “ + sepedaku.getGir()); sepedaku.setGir(3); // menambahkan 3 pada posisi gir saat ini (1) System.out.println(“Gir saat ini: “ + sepedaku.getGir()); } http://romisatriawahono.net
Latihan: Class Matematika dan Parameter romi@romisatriawahono.net Latihan: Class Matematika dan Parameter Object-Oriented Programming Buat Class bernama Matematika, yang berisi method dengan dua parameter: pertambahan(int a, int b) pengurangan(int a, int b) perkalian(int a, int b) pembagian(int a, int b) Buat Class bernama MatematikaBeraksi, yang mengeksekusi method dan menampilkan: Pertambahan: 20 + 20 = 40 Pengurangan: 10-5 = 5 Perkalian: 10*20 = 200 Pembagian: 21/2 = 10 http://romisatriawahono.net
romi@romisatriawahono.net Variasi Tampilan Object-Oriented Programming pertambahan(int a, int b){ System.out.println(a + “ + “ + b + “ = “ + (a+b)) } System.out.println(“Hasil = “ + (a+b)) int hasil = a + b; System.out.println(“Hasil = “ + hasil) http://romisatriawahono.net
romi@romisatriawahono.net Konstruktor -1- Object-Oriented Programming Method yang digunakan untuk memberi nilai awal pada saat object diciptakan Dipanggil secara otomatis ketika new digunakan untuk membuat instan class Sifat konstruktor: Nama konstruktor sama dengan nama class Tidak memiliki nilai balik dan tidak boleh ada kata kunci void http://romisatriawahono.net
Konstruktor -2- Mobil.java MobilKonstruktor.java romi@romisatriawahono.net Konstruktor -2- Object-Oriented Programming Mobil.java public class Mobil { String warna; int tahunProduksi; public Mobil(String warna, int tahunProduksi){ this.warna = warna; this.tahunProduksi = tahunProduksi; } public void info(){ System.out.println("Warna: " + warna); System.out.println("Tahun: " + tahunProduksi); public class MobilKonstruktor{ public static void main(String[] args){ Mobil mobilku = new Mobil(“Merah”, 2003); mobilku.info(); } MobilKonstruktor.java http://romisatriawahono.net
romi@romisatriawahono.net Kata Kunci this Object-Oriented Programming Digunakan pada pembuatan class dan digunakan untuk menyatakan object sekarang public class Mobil{ String warna; int tahunProduksi; void isiData(String warna, int tahunProduksi){ this.warna = warna; this.tahunProduksi = tahunProduksi; } public class Mobil{ String warna; int tahunProduksi; void isiData(String aWarna, int aTahunProduksi){ warna = aWarna; tahunProduksi = aTahunProduksi; } http://romisatriawahono.net
Latihan Buat class Bank romi@romisatriawahono.net Latihan Object-Oriented Programming Buat class Bank Buat konstruktor class Bank dengan parameter: saldo Buat method: simpanUang, ambilUang, dan getSaldo Buat class BankBeraksi, tetapkan saldo awal lewat konstruktur Rp. 100000, jalankan 3 method di atas, dan tampilkan proses sebagai berikut: Selamat Datang di Bank ABC Saldo awal: Rp. 100000 Simpan uang: Rp. 500000 Saldo saat ini: Rp. 600000 Ambil uang: Rp. 150000 Saldo saat ini: Rp. 450000 http://romisatriawahono.net
Karakteristik Pemrograman Berorientasi Objek romi@romisatriawahono.net Object-Oriented Programming Karakteristik Pemrograman Berorientasi Objek Abstraction, Encapsulation, Inheritance, Polymorphism http://romisatriawahono.net
romi@romisatriawahono.net Abstraction Object-Oriented Programming Cara kita melihat suatu sistem dalam bentuk yang lebih sederhana, yaitu sebagai suatu kumpulan subsistem (object) yang saling berinteraksi. Mobil adalah kumpulan sistem pengapian, sistem kemudi, sistem pengereman Alat meng-abstraksikan sesuatu adalah class Object bersifat modularity. Object dapat ditulis dan dimaintain terpisah (independen) dari object lain http://romisatriawahono.net
romi@romisatriawahono.net Object-Oriented Programming http://romisatriawahono.net
romi@romisatriawahono.net Object-Oriented Programming http://romisatriawahono.net
romi@romisatriawahono.net Encapsulation Object-Oriented Programming Mekanisme menyembunyikan suatu proses dan data dalam sistem untuk menghindari interferensi, dan menyederhanakan penggunaan proses itu sendiri Tongkat transmisi (gigi) pada mobil Tombol on/off/pengaturan suhu pada AC Class access level (public, protected, privat) adalah implementasi dari konsep encapsulation Enkapsulasi data dapat dilakukan dengan cara: mendeklarasikan instance variable sebagai private mendeklarasikan method yang sifatnya public untuk mengakses variable tersebut http://romisatriawahono.net
romi@romisatriawahono.net Object-Oriented Programming http://romisatriawahono.net
Encapsulation dan Access Modifier romi@romisatriawahono.net Encapsulation dan Access Modifier Object-Oriented Programming Modifier Dalam Class yang Sama Dalam Package yang Sama Dalam SubClass Dalam Package Lain private tanpa tanda protected public http://romisatriawahono.net
Encapsulation Enkapsulasi data juga dapat dilakukan dengan cara: romi@romisatriawahono.net Encapsulation Object-Oriented Programming Enkapsulasi data juga dapat dilakukan dengan cara: mendeklarasikan instance variable sebagai private mendeklarasikan method yang sifatnya public untuk mengakses variable tersebut http://romisatriawahono.net
romi@romisatriawahono.net Object-Oriented Programming Sepeda.java public class Sepeda{ int gir; void setGir(int pertambahanGir) { gir= gir+ pertambahanGir; } int getGir() { return gir; http://romisatriawahono.net
romi@romisatriawahono.net Object-Oriented Programming SepedaBeraksi.java public class SepedaBeraksi{ public static void main(String[] args) { Sepeda sepedaku = new Sepeda(); sepedaku.setGir(1); /* Variabel bisa diubah atau tidak sengaja diubah. Hal ini berbahaya dan sering menimbulkan bug. Berikan access modifier private pada instance variable */ sepedaku.gir = 3; System.out.println(“Gir saat ini: “ + sepedaku.getGir()); } http://romisatriawahono.net
romi@romisatriawahono.net Object-Oriented Programming Sepeda.java public class Sepeda{ private int gir; // access modifier private pada instance variable void setGir(int pertambahanGir) { gir= gir+ pertambahanGir; } int getGir() { return gir; http://romisatriawahono.net
Inheritance (Pewarisan) romi@romisatriawahono.net Object-Oriented Programming Inheritance (Pewarisan) Suatu class dapat mewariskan atribut dan method kepada class lain (subclass), serta membentuk class hierarchy Penting untuk Reusability Java Keyword: extends http://romisatriawahono.net
romi@romisatriawahono.net Object-Oriented Programming Sepeda.java public class Sepeda{ private int gir; void setGir(int pertambahanGir) { gir= gir+ pertambahanGir; } int getGir() { return gir; http://romisatriawahono.net
Class SepedaGunung Mewarisi Class Sepeda romi@romisatriawahono.net Object-Oriented Programming Class SepedaGunung Mewarisi Class Sepeda public class SepedaGunung extends Sepeda{ private int sadel; void setSadel (int jumlah) { sadel = getGir() - jumlah; } int getSadel(){ return sadel; public class SepedaGunungBeraksi { public static void main(String[] args) { SepedaGunung sg=new SepedaGunung(); sg.setGir(3); System.out.println(sg.getGir()); sg.setSadel(1); System.out.println(sg.getSadel()); } SepedaGunung.java SepedaGunungBeraksi.java http://romisatriawahono.net
Latihan: Inheritance Matematika romi@romisatriawahono.net Latihan: Inheritance Matematika Object-Oriented Programming Buat class MatematikaCanggih yang merupakan inherit dari class Matematika Tambahkan method modulus(int a, int b) yang menghitung modulus dari a dan b Operator modulus adalah % Buat class MatematikaCanggihBeraksi yang memanggil method pertambahan, perkalian dan modulus http://romisatriawahono.net
romi@romisatriawahono.net Polymorphism Object-Oriented Programming Kemampuan untuk memperlakukan object yang memiliki perilaku (bentuk) yang berbeda Implementasi konsep polymorphism: Overloading: Kemampuan untuk menggunakan nama yang sama untuk beberapa method yang berbeda parameter (tipe dan atau jumlah) Overriding: Kemampuan subclass untuk menimpa method dari superclass, yaitu dengan cara menggunakan nama dan parameter yang sama pada method http://romisatriawahono.net
Polymorphism – Overloading romi@romisatriawahono.net Polymorphism – Overloading Object-Oriented Programming class Mobil { String warna; int tahunProduksi; public Mobil(String warna, int tahunProduksi){ this.warna = warna; this.tahunProduksi = tahunProduksi; } public Mobil(){ void info(){ System.out.println("Warna: " + warna); System.out.println("Tahun: " + tahunProduksi); public class MobilKonstruktor{ public static void main(String[] args){ Mobil mobilku = new Mobil(“Merah”, 2003); mobilku.info(); Mobil mobilmu = new Mobil(); mobilmu.info(); } http://romisatriawahono.net
Polymorphism – Overloading romi@romisatriawahono.net Polymorphism – Overloading Object-Oriented Programming class Lingkaran{ void gambarLingkaran(){ } void gambarLingkaran(int diameter){ ... void gambarLingkaran(int diameter, int x, int y){ ... void gambarLingkaran(int diameter, int x, int y, int warna, String namaLingkaran){ ... http://romisatriawahono.net
Polymorphism - Overriding romi@romisatriawahono.net Object-Oriented Programming Polymorphism - Overriding public class Sepeda{ protected int gir; void setGir(int pertambahanGir) { gir= gir+ pertambahanGir; } int getGir() { return gir; http://romisatriawahono.net
Polymorphism - Overriding romi@romisatriawahono.net Object-Oriented Programming Polymorphism - Overriding public class SepedaGunung extends Sepeda{ void setGir(int pertambahanGir) { super.setGir(pertambahanGir); gir = 2*getGir(); } public class SepedaGunungBeraksi { public static void main(String[] args) { SepedaGunung sg=new SepedaGunung(); sg.setGir(2); System.out.println(sg.getGir()); sg.setGir(3); } SepedaGunung.java SepedaGunungBeraksi.java http://romisatriawahono.net
Latihan: Overloading pada Matematika romi@romisatriawahono.net Latihan: Overloading pada Matematika Object-Oriented Programming Kembangkan class Matematika, MatematikaCanggih dan MatematikaBeraksi Lakukan overloading pada Method yang ada (pertambahan, pengurangan, perkalian, pembagian, modulus) Tambahkan method baru bertipe data double (pecahan) dan memiliki 3 parameter: double a, double b, double c Uji di kelas MatematikaBeraksi dengan parameter pecahan: 12.5, 28.7, 14.2 Misalnya: pertambahan(12.5, 28.7, 14.2) pertambahan(12, 28, 14) pertambahan(23, 34) pertambahan(3.4, 4.9) http://romisatriawahono.net
romi@romisatriawahono.net Matematika.java Object-Oriented Programming public class Matematika{ void pertambahan (int a, int b){ int hasil= a + b; System.out.println(“hasil:” + hasil); } void pertambahan (double a, double b, double c){ int hasil= a + b + c; ... http://romisatriawahono.net
romi@romisatriawahono.net Summary -1- Object-Oriented Programming The systems analyst is a key person analyzing the business, identifying opportunities for improvement, and designing information systems to implement these ideas There are five major team roles: Business analyst Systems analyst Infrastructure analyst Change management analyst Project manager http://romisatriawahono.net
romi@romisatriawahono.net Summary -2- Object-Oriented Programming The Systems Development Lifecycle consists of four stages: Planning, Analysis, Design, and Implementation The major development methodologies: Structured design Waterfall method Parallel development RAD development Phased Development Prototyping Throw-away Prototyping Agile development Extreme Programming http://romisatriawahono.net
Summary -3- UML concepts are based on object-oriented paradigm romi@romisatriawahono.net Summary -3- Object-Oriented Programming UML is the standard language for visualizing, specifying, constructing, and documenting the artifacts of a software-intensive system UML version 2.0 has 14 diagrams in 2 groups: Structure Diagrams Behavior Diagrams UML concepts are based on object-oriented paradigm http://romisatriawahono.net
romi@romisatriawahono.net Referensi Object-Oriented Programming Alan Dennis et al, Systems Analysis and Design with UML 4th Edition, John Wiley and Sons, 2013 Kenneth E. Kendall and Julie E Kendall, Systems Analysis and Design 8th Edition, Prentice Hall, 2010 Hassan Gomaa, Software Modeling and Design: UML, Use Cases, Patterns, and Software Architectures, Cambridge University Press, 2011 Gary B. Shelly and Harry J. Rosenblatt, Systems Analysis and Design 9th Edition, Course Technology, 2011 Howard Podeswa, UML for the IT Business Analyst 2nd Edition, Thomson Course Technology, 2009 Jeffrey A. Hoffer et al, Modern Systems Analysis and Design 6th Edition, Prentice Hall, 2012 http://romisatriawahono.net