E-Business ANALYSIS & DESIGN

Analysis & Design Learning objectives Summarize approaches for analyzing requirements for e-business systems Identify key elements of approaches to improve the interface design and security design of e-commerce systems.

Analysis & Design Issues for managers What are the critical success factors for analysis and design of e-business systems? What is the balance between requirements for usable and secure systems and the costs of designing them in this manner? What are the best approaches for incorporating new IS solutions with legacy systems into the architectural design of the e-business?

Analysis for e-business Analysis & Design Analysis for e-business

Analysis for e-business Memahami proses dan aliran informasi untuk meningkatkan pelayanan Pant and Ravichandran (2001) say: ‘Informasi adalah suatu agen koordinasi dan pengendalian dan bekerja sebagai perekat yang menyatukan organisasi, franchises, rantai pasok dan channel distribusi. Bersamaan dengan aliran material dan sumber daya lain, aliran informasi juga harus ditangani secara efektif dalam organisasi’

Workflow management Workflow is ‘Otomatisasi proses bisnis, secara keseluruhan ataupun sebagian di mana dokumen, informasi atau tugas diteruskan dari seorang peserta ke lainnya untuk ditindaklanjuti berdasarkan seperangkat aturan prosedural’ Examples: Booking a holiday Handling a customer complaint Receiving a customer order.

Workflow management ➝ as soon as possible ➝ by the right people Workflow helps manage business processes by ensuring that tasks are prioritized to be performed: ➝ as soon as possible ➝ by the right people ➝ in the right order. Workflow software provides functions to: assign tasks to people remind people about their tasks which are part of a workflow queue allow collaboration between people sharing tasks retrieve information needed to complete the task such as a customer’s personal details provide an overview for managers of the status of each task and the team’s performanc

Analysis & Design Process modelling

Process modelling Activity-based process definition methods : Analysis tools used to identify the relationship between tasks within a business process. Process : Part of a system that has a clearly defined purpose or objective and clearly defined inputs and outputs, each process can be broken down : Task analysis Task decomposition

Task analysis and task decomposition Sebelum proses dapat didesain dan diimplemen, sebuah proses harus di-breakdown secara detail terlebih dahulu. Hal ini disebut dengan task analysis. Curtis et al. (1992) framework: Level 1 business process dibagi ke dalam: Level 2 activities yang dibagi ke dalam: Level 3 tasks dan akhirnya: Level 4 sub-tasks. Task analysis and task decomposition

Figure 11.1 An example task decomposition for an estate agency Source: Adapted from Chaffey (1998)

Hubungan/ketergantungan antar Proses Buat urutan suatu aktivitas terjadi berdasarkan prosedur bisnis Data flow diagrams dan flow charts digunakan secara luas sebagai diagramming techniques Flow process charts Network diagrams Event-driven process chain (EPC) model

Figure 11.2 Symbols used for flow process charts

Figure 11.3 Flow process chart showing the main operations performed by users when working using workflow software

Table 11.5 Elements of the event-driven process chain (EPC) model

Figure 11.4 General model for the EPC process definition model

Analysis & Design Data modelling

Data modelling Entity relationship modelling Tahap-tahapnya: Identify entities Identify attributes of entities Identify relationships.

Identify entities Entity A grouping of related data, example customer entity. Entitas diimplementasikan sebagai table pada database. Database table Each database comprises (terdiri dari) several tables.

Identify attributes attribute menggambarkan karakteristik dari suatu item dalam entitas tersebut. Contoh: Customer mempunyai atribut name, phone number dan e-mail address. Saat implementasi, atribut akan menjadi field, dan kumpulan field untuk satu item tertentu dari entitas customer akan menjadi sebuah record.

Identify relationships Field untuk menghubungkan antar tabel disebut field kunci. Ada 2 yaitu : Primary key : identitas unik suatu record Secondary key : menghubungkan tabel dengan primary key di tabel lain.

Figure 11.5 Generic B2C ER diagram

Analysis & Design Design for e-business

User-centred design Pengembangan web site harusnya berpusat pada pengguna, dibutuhkan evaluasi untuk desain yang terus berkembang terhadap kebutuhan pengguna. (Bevan, 1999a)

Analysis considerations for User-centred design(Bevan) Who are the important users? What is their purpose for accessing the site? How frequently will they visit the site? What experience and expertize do they have? What nationality are they? Can they read English? What type of information are they looking for? How will they want to use the information: read it on the screen, print it or download it? What type of browsers will they use? How fast will their communication links be? How large a screen/window will they use, with how many colours?

Usability/kegunaan Pendekatan desain web site yang dengan tujuan agar tugas yang dilakukan oleh pengguna dapat diselesaikan. Melibatkan 2 hal: Expert reviews Usability testing

Usability testing involves: Identifying representative users of the site and typical tasks; Asking them to perform specific tasks such as finding a product or completing an order; Observing what they do and how they succeed.

Use-case analysis is part of a methodology known as Unified Modelling Language (UML) . Unified Modelling Language (UML) A language used to specify, visualize and document the artefacts of an object-oriented system. Use-case modelling A user-centred approach to modelling system requirements.

Persona: Model yang serupa dengan use-case, prinsipnya adalah memilah jenis-jenis pengunjung kemudian dipersonalkan. Contoh: Primary persona dari ford.com adalah “Marie”; seorang wanita yang baru mau membeli mobil, belum mempunyai merek kesukaan tertentu, tidak mengetahui tentang mobil dan membutuhkan bantuan untuk memilih mobil yang sesuai. Persona

Benefit of Persona Membangun customer-centric Mengindentifikasikan detail mengenai kebutuhan informasi dan langkah-langkahnya Test existing web-site design Untuk membandingkan dan melakukan pengujian kekuatan dan kejelasan komunikasi Dapat dihubungkan kepada marketing

Developing a persona Membangun atribut personal ke dalam persona Ingatlah bahwa persona hanyalah suatu model dari karakteristik dan lingkungan Skenario-skenario yang berbeda dapat dikembangkan untuk masing-masing persona, misalnya: Info-seeking scenario Purchase scenario

Summary Analysis of business and user requirements for e-business systems is important in delivering usable and relevant systems Process modelling is used to assess existing business processes and suggest revised processes. Techniques such as task analysis and flow process charts from workflow design are useful in understanding tasks that must be supported by the system and weaknesses in the current process Data modelling for e-business systems mainly involves traditional entity relationship approaches