Bersahabat dengan Sang Penghancur Topan Setiadipura tsdipura@batan.go.id Tim Desain dan Kajian Keselamatan RDE BATAN

Tentang ‘Sang Penghancur’ Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017

Mass a dan Energi 27 Sept 1905 Work at Patent Office http://earthsky.org/human-world/this-date-in-science-emc2 Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017

Neutron: ‘penembus’ inti atom. 1932 Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017

Mencari Elemen Berat Otto Hahn Lise Meitner Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017

Reaksi Fisi Hahn & Strassman: Experimental Chemistry Meitner & Frisch: Physics Explanation. Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017

Reaksi Fisi Berantai Akumulasi neutron Akumulasi energi Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017

#1 controlled fission chain reaction. Chicago Pile-1 #1 controlled fission chain reaction. Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017

#1 controlled fission chain reaction. Chicago Pile-1 385.5 ton grafit 46.5 ton uranium metal dan oxides. #1 controlled fission chain reaction. Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017

Bom Atom: Little Boy Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017

Bom Atom: Fat Man Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017

Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Nuklir Komponen/Prinsip Dasar Reaktor Nuklir: Bahan bakar, pendingin, moderator, batang kendali. Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017

Orde Pembangkitan Daya ~ 4 - 20 eV ~ 200 000 000 eV Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017

Status PLTN (per 9 Okt. 2017) Sumber: www.iaea.org/pris/ Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017

Radiation http://slideplayer.com/slide/5982786/ Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017

Reaktor Nuklir: Pabrik ISOTOP …akan lahir ratusan isotop baru. Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017

`Panas` dari Reaktor Nuklir Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017

Resume #1: Nuklir dan Reaksi Fisi menyimpan potensi energi yang sangat besar. Potensi ini telah dimanfaatkan oleh berbagai negara. Untuk membangun negeri ini, kita perlu energi yang besar. Energi dari nuklir, sebaiknya menjadi salah satu sumber energi negeri ini. Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017

Pemanfaatan ‘sang Penghancur’ INDONESIA dan Pemanfaatan ‘sang Penghancur’ Upaya Indonesia untuk bersahabat dan ‘memanfaatkan’ Sang Penghancur bagi Kemandirian Energi Nasional. Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017

Resume #2 Content: Existing Research Reactors Next ‘Reseach Reactor’: RDE RDE’s Objective RDE Design Resume #2 Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017

Existing Research Reactor Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017

TRIGA-MARK II Reactor TRIGA-MARK II Reactor Location: Bandung, West Java Type: TRIGA reactor Thermal power: 2000 kW First critical at 1964 (250 kW)‏ Upgraded to 1000 kW on 1971 Upgraded to 2000 kW on 2000 Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017

KARTINI Reactor KARTINI Reactor Location: Yogyakarta (Central Java)‏ Type: TRIGA reactor Thermal power: 250 kW Some components/structures were provided from first upgrading of Bandung reactor (1971)‏ First critical at 1979 Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017

RSG-GAS Reactor RSG-GAS Reactor‏ Location: Serpong, Banten (West Java)‏ Type: Multi Purpose Reactor Thermal power: 30 MW Fuel: U3Si2Al First criticality at 1987 BATAN able to produce fuel for RSG-GAS. Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017

Reaktor Daya Eksperimental (demo plant of Indonesia Co-generation power plant) Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017

RDE’s Objectives Provides a strong foundation for the development of small- medium size nuclear power plants in order to meet the electricity supply throughout the nation. Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017

RDE’s Objectives Provides a strong foundation for the development of small- medium size nuclear power plants in order to meet the electricity supply throughout the nation. Contributes to the optimization of national natural resource processing using cogeneration capability. Accumulating nuclear human resource capability in the mastery of design engineering, reactor technology, project management, maintenance and operation of nuclear power plants. Increase (public) acceptance of nuclear power plants. Realizing Indonesia as a nuclear energy center of excellence in Asia Pacific. Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017

RDE Building Arrangement Reactor auxiliary building Reactor building Reactor building annex Helium storage Turbine building Transformer Spent fuel element storage Gate house Central control (Switchgear) building Office and staff building Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017

Cross Section of Reactor Building underground Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017

RDE General System Experimental Industrial Steam Application Co-axial Hot Gas Duct Reactor Pressure Vessel Main Helium Blower Steam Generator Pressure Vessel Experimental Industrial Steam Application Electricity Production Main Steam, ~520oC Main Feed Water, ~145oC Turbine HP LP Generator Cooling Tower Condenser Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017

Internal RPV Penampang Lintang RPV Sistem Penggerak Batang Kendali Teras Reaktor Internal RPV terdiri dari: Teras reaktor dan bahan bakar Reflektor Grafit Kolom batang kendali Kolom Helium pendingin Kolom bahan bakar masuk dan keluar Komponen/penyangga logam Reflektor grafit, melingkupi teras reaktor Kolom Batang Kendali Kolom Masuk Bahan Bakar Plennum Helium atas dan bawah Kolom Helium Pendingin Kolom Keluar Bahan Bakar Komponen/Penyangga logam Penampang Lintang RPV Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017

Some Technical/Safety Features Requirements (1): Passive Safety Features: Slim reactor core diameter (~1.8m): thinner heat transfer path. Significant graphite composition with physical characteristic: High heat conductivity: good heat transfer capability High heat capacity: slower temperature increase for the same given energy. RDE design able to transfer decay heat only by natural mechanism without any active systems. Fukushima accident scenario will not occurred in RDE Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017

Fitur Keselamatan: Control, Cooling Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017

Siklus Helium Primer B A C F D E A : Helium (250oC) mengalir pada bagian luar Co-axial hot gas duct, diarahkan ke bagian bawah Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV). B : Dari bagian bawah RPV, helium mengalir ke atas melalui kolom pendingin pada bagian reflektor grafit, hingga ke plenum atas. B A C : Helium mengalir dari atas hingga ke dasar teras reaktor, temperatur meningkat karena mengambil panas yang berasal dari reaksi fisi berantai yang terjadi pada bahan bakar. C Main Steam, ~520oC F D : Helium (temperatur 700oC) bergabung di plenum bawah, lalu mengalir keluar RPV melalui saluran tengah co-axial hot gas duct menuju Steam Generator (SG). D E Main Feed Water, ~145oC F : Air umpan menerima panas dari helium hingga menjadi uap superheated, lalu mengalir ke turbin atau sistem kogenerasi.. E : Helium (700oC ) mentransfer panas ke air/uap umpan, lalu kembali mengalir ke RPV didorong oleh Kompresor Helium Utama. Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017

Bahan bakar RDE Bahan bakar bola terdiri dari dua lapisan: Zona Bahan Bakar (Matriks Grafit) 2.5cm 3cm Bahan bakar bola [OD = 6cm] Lapisan luar grafit (Graphite Shell) Zona Bahan bakar RDE terdiri dari: ~ 8335 partikel TRISO Total 5g logam berat. Bahan bakar bola terdiri dari dua lapisan: 1. Lapisan grafit luar. 2. Zona bahan bakar dalam. Teras Reaktor RDE terisi 27ribu bahan bakar bola To do: - Bagian bahan bakar hingga ke TRISO perlu dibuat bertahap (simulasi), bukansatu gambar utuh. Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017

Fitur Keselamatan: Contain TRISO Particle (Tri-isotropic) : UO2 Kernel: uranium oxide fuel material, for RDE 17% U-235 enrichment. Buffer : low density carbon layer (~1.05 g/cm3). Inner dan Outer Pyrolitic Carbon : pyrolitic carbon layer to mechanically strengthen the TRISO particle (density ~1.75g/cm3). Silicon Carbide (SiC): high density sillicon carbide layer (~3.18g/cm3). Main constrain which avoid the fission product release to the environment even in the most severe accident. TRISO fuel design guarantee the ‘contain’ safety aspect of RDE To do: - Bagian bahan bakar hingga ke TRISO perlu dibuat bertahap (simulasi), bukansatu gambar utuh. Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017

2015 by RENUKO Consortium as Consultant Design and Project Phase (1) Pre-Phase Project Conceptual Design Basic Design EPC - Phase 2015 by RENUKO Consortium as Consultant NU: NUKEM (owned by ROSATOM) (2015) BATAN (2017) An internal team was established to develop a BED of RDE. Comprise of 31 technical staffs. [Process, Mechanical & piping, I&C, Electric, Civil] Experiences and results to be presented by BATAN Chairman on GC’s Side Event. Govt. Commitment in EPC-Phase financing. Vendor (2018) Vendor (2019-2022) Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017

2015 by RENUKO Consortium as Consultant Design and Project Phase (1) Pre-Phase Project Conceptual Design Basic Design Detail Design 2015 by RENUKO Consortium as Consultant NU: NUKEM (owned by ROSATOM) (2015) BATAN (2017) An internal team was established to develop a BED of RDE. Comprise of 31 technical staffs. [Process, Mechanical & piping, I&C, Electric, Civil] Experiences and results to be presented by BATAN Chairman on GC’s Side Event. Vendor (2018) Construction Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017

Pengembangan Desain RDE 31 Staf BATAN dari berbagai pusat mencakup bidang Nuklir, Proses, Mekanik, Piping, I&C, Elektrik, dan Sipil. Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017

Pengembangan Desain RDE Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017

Pengembangan Desain RDE Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017

Sinergi Nasional Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017

Resume #2: Program RDE adalah jalan menuju aplikasi nuklir sebagai sumber energi Indonesia. (= memanfaatkan/bersahabat dengan sang Penghancur) Program RDE juga membuka jalan bagi Indonesia untuk berperan sebagai ‘technology provider’. Perlu sinergi nasional bagi tercapainya Program RDE dan lanjutannya. Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017

RDE’s Design and Safety Analysis Team Thank You RDE’s Design and Safety Analysis Team BATAN - INDONESIA Gd. 80 PUSPIPTEK AREA, Tangerang Selatan, BANTEN 15310 tsdipura@batan.go.id (021) 756 0912 | Fax. (021) 756 0913 Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017