Jarak Pandang Simply put, sight distance is the distance visible to the driver of a passenger car More precisely, sight distance (available from a point)

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Jarak Pandang Simply put, sight distance is the distance visible to the driver of a passenger car More precisely, sight distance (available from a point) is the actual distance along the road surface, over which a driver from a specified height above the carriage way has visibility of stationary or moving objects Jarak pandang (dari sebuah titik) adalah jarak aktual sepanjang (permukaan) jalan dimana seorang pengendara dari ketinggian mata tertentu di atas permukaan jalan dapat melihat obyek diam atau bergerak.

Jenis Jarak Pandang Stopping sight distance (SSD) or the absolute minimum sight distance atau JPH atau Jh Intermediate sight distance (ISD) is SSD for two ways single lane Passing or Overtaking sight distance (PSD/OSD) for safe overtaking operation atau JPM atau Jm Sight distance on Horizontal Curve Preview sight distance (PvSD)

Pengertian dan Elemen SSD Jh adalah jarak minimum yang diperlukan oleh setiap pengemudi untuk menghentikan kendaraannya dengan aman begitu melihat adanya halangan di depan. Setiap titik di sepanjang jalan harus memenuhi Jh : Applicable on all highways and required for every point along alignment (horizontal and vertical ). Jh diukur berdasarkan asumsi bahwa tinggi mata pengemudi adalah 105-107 cm dan tinggi halangan diukur dari permukaan jalan. Jh terdiri atas 2 elemen jarak, yaitu: jarak tanggap (Jht) atau lag distance adalah jarak yang ditempuh oleh kendaraan sejak pengemudi melihat suatu halangan sampai saat pengemudi menginjak rem; dan jarak pengereman (Jhp) atau braking distance adalah jarak yang dibutuhkan untuk menghentikan kendaraan sejak pengemudi menginjak rem sampai kendaraan berhenti.

Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi SSD Reaction time of the driver, is the time taken from the instant the object is visible to the driver to the instant when the brakes are applied. The values are 1,5-2,5 sec. Speed of the vehicle Efficiency of brakes, may be assumed 50%-100%, which are according to safety factor 2-1. Frictional resistance between the tyre and the road. The values of longitudinal friction is affected by vehicle speed. Gradient of the road

Contoh Hubungan f dan V

Penurunan Rumus SSD secara Teoritis tanpa Kelandaian Memanjang Lag distance = vt Braking distance

Penurunan Rumus SSD secara Teoritis dengan Kelandaian Memanjang Lag distance = vt Braking distance

Rumus Praktis SSD

Contoh soal 1 A driver takes 3.2 s to react to a complex situation while traveling at a speed of 55 km/h. Calculate SSD. Answer: Nilai V = 55 km/h Nilai t = 3,2 detik Seharusnya nilai JPH dapat ditentukan

Contoh soal 2 What is the safe stopping distance for a section of rural freeway with a design speed of 80 km/h on a 4% uphill grade ?. Use perception-reaction time of 2.5 s and coefficient of friction of 0.25 Answer: Nilai V = 80 km/h Nilai U = 0 Nilai t = 2,5 detik Nilai f = 0,25 Nilai G = 0,04 Seharusnya nilai JPH dapat ditentukan

Contoh soal 3 Drivers must slow down from 110 km/h to 70 km/h to negotiate a severe curve on a rural highway. A warning sign for the curve is clearly visible for a distance of 50 m. How far in advance of the curves must the sign be located in order to ensure that vehicles have sufficient distance to safely decelerate? Use the perception-reaction time of 1.5 s and coefficient of friction of 0.30 Answer: Nilai V = 110 km/h Nilai U = 70 Nilai t = 1,5 detik Nilai f = 0,30 Nilai G = 0 Selanjutnya menghitung nilai JPH Setelah nilai JPH dihitung, kemudian menghitung jarak penempatan rambu yaitu JPH-50 m. (Mengapa?????)

Conservative SSD Ada literatur yang menyebutkan bahwa analisis SSD seharusnya memperhitungkan jarak aman dari halangan (ds) Nilai ds dihitung sbb Vn disini = V awal dan satuannya km/jam Conservative SSD = SSD + ds

ISD ISD adalah SSD pada kondisi jalan dua arah satu lajur ISD = [2 kali SSD] m Conservative ISD = [2 kali SSD + 30] m

Contoh 4 Hitunglah conservative SSD untuk jalan satu lajur datar yang melayani dua arah. Diketahui nilai-nilai V = 50 km/j, f = 0, 37 dan t = 2,5 detik.

Passing/Overtaking Sight Distance Passing Sight Distance (PSD/OSD) is the minimum sight distance on two-way single carriageway roads that must be available to enable the driver of one vehicle to pass another vehicle safely without interfering withthe speed of an oncoming vehicle travelling at the design speed Minimum PSD = d1+ d2 + d3 + d4

Scheme for Minimum PSD

Penentuan d1 dan d2 dalam PSD

Penentuan d3 dan d4 dalam PSD

Sight distance on Horizontal Curve Jarak Pandang di Tikungan atau Daerah Bebas Samping Tikungan

Contoh 5 A sound wall is to be constructed at the edge of shoulder, along the inside of a horizontal curve of an urban freeway. The inside lane is 3.8 m wide, with a shoulder of 1.20 m. The radius of the curve, measured up to the outer edge of the shoulder is 45 m. Determine the sight distance of this section of the curve with the sound wall.

SSD untuk R besar SSD untuk nilai R yang besar (> 1000 feet atau 300 meter) mendekati line of sight atau SH (horizontal sight distance) SH ditentukan secara sederhana berdasarkan persamaan phytagoras, yaitu (0,5SH)2 = R2 – (R – m)2

Contoh 6 (Problem)

Catatan Lag distance tidak dinyatakan dalam satuan SI dengan V in mile per hour Braking distance dalam satuan metric adalah g = 32.2 ft /sec2

Contoh 6 (ilustrasi)

Contoh 6 (Solution)

Preview Sight Distance PVSD adalah the sight distance required to perceive the existence of a horizontal curve ahead and react properly to it Digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi adanya red zone. Red zone is the range of locations where a horizontal curve should not start

PVSD dan Red Zone PVSD = S1 + S2 Red Zone

Perhitungan S1 dalam PVSD d = 0,85 m/detik2

Perhitungan S2 dalam PVSD Full circle SCS atau SS