Is it different ?

HEREDITY SUBSTANCES HEREDITY SUBSTANCES

Heredity Substances ?

Heredity substances Chromatin Nucleosom Nucleic acidprotein DNARNA Genes Chromatid Chromosome

Certain dense structure which composed by protein and DNA

CHROMOSOME STRUCTURE

Chromosome Kinds

Human Chromosome

Chromosome Type Autosom Gonosom (seks chromosome)

Gene Small unit are located on chromosomes namely locus What function ??? Carry on genetic information to its offspring and controled development and metabolism of cell

Genes Located

If a female is heterozygous for a particular gene located on the X chromosome Two cell populations in adult cat: Active X Orange fur Inactive X Early embryo: X chromosomes Allele for black fur Cell division and X chromosome inactivation Active X Black fur Inactive X Figure 15.11

DNA

DNA... DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a component that makes up genes that lies in a chromosome locus in cell nucleus DNA, RNA, genes and chromosome are called genetic materials because they have responsibility to inheritance of genetic properties from a parent to its offspring and where is the location of DNA ????

DNA Located

DNA Structure DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) are polynucleotides that built up from basic units or monomers called nucleotides. Each nucleotides has three parts : –A pentose sugar –A phosphate and –An organic nitogenous base Two DNA strands are twisted to form a double helix

DNA Structure

Sugar-phosphate backbone Nitrogenous bases 5 end O–O– O P O CH O–O– H H O H H H 3 1 H O CH 3 N O N H Thymine (T) O OP O O–O– CH 2 H H O H H H H N N N H N H H Adenine (A) O O P O O–O– CH 2 H H O H H H H H H H N N N O Cytosine (C) O O P O CH O–O– H O H H 3 1 OH 2 H N N N H O N N H H H H Sugar (deoxyribose) 3 end Phosphate Guanine (G) DNA nucleotide 2 N Figure 16.5

Structure of DNA

DNA Replication 1.Conservative replication 2.Dispersive replication 3.Semi conservative replication

a. Conservative replication Double helix of the previous DNA does not change, while double helix of new DNA will be directly formed

b. Dispersive replication Double helix of the previous DNA is interrupted, then the pieces separate to one another Then the one piece to other piece is connected by pieces of new DNA So, two identical DNA are formed

c. Semiconservative replication Double helix of DNA separates it self to be two separated chains Then, each chain gets pair of new chain like their previous pair So, two identical DNA are formed

Enzymes controled DNA replication Helicase DNA Polymerase Ligase Simplify to open a double chain of DNA to be two single chain Join deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate to formed a new chain To connect parts of DNA single chains which are recently formed

RNA

RNA (Ribonuckleic acid) Genetic material that commonly has form of single chain of polynucleotide Same as DNA, nucleotide of RNA made of sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous base

RNA Structure RNA consist of three basic component, namely: –A phosphate –A pentose sugar of ribose –A ring structure of nitrogenous base (purine: guanine and adenine pyrimidine: cytosine and uracyl) Single strand

Based on its place and function, RNA is separated into three kinds: mRNA (messenger RNA) atau RNAd (RNA duta) tRNA (transfer RNA) rRNA (ribosomal RNA)

THANK’S FOR YOUR ATTENTION 10/28/10