KOMUNIKASI BISNIS INTERNASIONAL Pertemuan ke-1 Disarikan dari : © 2001 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Fundamentals of Financial Management, 11/e Created by: Gregory A. Kuhlemeyer, Ph.D. Carroll College, Waukesha, WI Shapiro, Wahono, Mamduh, Antriyandarti dan Sumber Relevan lainnya

Komunikasi Bisnis Internasional

Pengantar bisnis Internasional Pertemuan 1 Pengantar bisnis Internasional

Pengertian a. Bisnis Bisnis adalah pertukaran barang, jasa, atau uang yang saling menguntungkan atau memberikan manfaat.   b. Bisnis Internasional Bisnis internasional adalah bisnis yang kegiatan-kegiatannya melewati batas-batas negara.

KEKUATAN PENGUBAH LINGKUNGAN PERSAINGAN GLOBAL Semakin terbukanya ekonomi global dan perkembangnya pasar bebas Munculnya kekuatan-kekuatan ekonomi baru Perkembangan dan pemanfaatan teknologi informasi Perkembangan sistem keuangan global

GLOBALISASI EKONOMI DUNIA: BEBERAPA TREN TERAKHIR Deregulasi yg Masive  pasar semakin terbuka Mundurnya komonism  semakin mengikuti mekanisme Pasar Munculnya pasar2 keuangan yang terglobalisasi: integrasi yang cepat atas pasar2 modal dan keuangan. Globalisasi pasar keuangan ini awal-nya datang dari pemerintah2 negara utama yang mulai menderegulasi pasar2 valas dan modalnya.

GLOBALISASI EKONOMI DUNIA: BEBERAPA TREN TERAKHIR Munculnya Euro sebagai mata uang global dan mata uang kuat lainnya. Liberalisasi perdagangan & integrasi ekonomi: Fenomena munculnya GATT, WTO, EU, NAFTA, AFTA, MEA. Privatisasi: suatu negara menjual kepemilikan & operasinya atas suatu bisnis dengan mengalihkannya kepada sistem pasar bebas.

International Business Methods International trade involves exporting and/or importing. Licensing allows a firm to provide its technology in exchange for fees or some other benefits. Franchising obligates a firm to provide a specialized sales or service strategy, support assistance, and possibly an initial investment, in exchange for periodic fees.

International Business Methods Firms may also penetrate foreign markets by engaging in a joint venture (joint ownership and operation) with firms that reside in those markets. Acquisitions of existing operations in foreign countries allow firms to quickly gain control over foreign operations as well as a share of the foreign market.

International Business Methods Firms can also penetrate foreign markets by establishing new foreign subsidiaries. Many MNCs use a combination of methods to increase international business. In general, any method of conducting business that requires a direct investment in foreign operations is referred to as a direct foreign investment (DFI).

International Opportunities Cost-Benefit Evaluation for Purely Domestic Firms versus MNCs Marginal Return on Projects Purely Domestic Firm MNC Asset Level of Firm Investment Opportunities Marginal Cost of Capital Purely Domestic Firm MNC Financing Opportunities Appropriate Size for Purely Domestic Firm Appropriate Size for MNC X Y

What is a multinational corporation? A corporation that operates in two or more countries. Decision making within the corporation may be centralized in the home country, or may be decentralized across the countries the corporation does business in.

Perusahaan Multinasional Pengertian fisik: Perusahaan yang beroperasi di lebih dari satu negara. Operasi di 150 negara bukan merupakan hal yang aneh untuk perusahaan multinasional. Pengertian perilaku (behavioral): Perusahaan dijalankan oleh manajer global, yang berusaha mengoptimalkan sumberdaya di dunia, melakukan koordinasi strategis untuk optimasi sumberdaya tersebut.

Why do firms expand into other countries? To seek new markets (McD, Nestle, Levi S) To seek new supplies of raw materials Exxon, Freeport, British Petroleum). To gain new technologies. To gain production efficiencies (Intel, Samsung). To avoid political and regulatory obstacles. To reduce risk by diversification.

Theories of International Business (Alasan lainnya) Why are firms motivated to expand their business internationally? Theory of Comparative Advantage Specialization by countries can increase production efficiency. Imperfect Markets Theory The markets for the various resources used in production are “imperfect.”

Theories of International Business Why are firms motivated to expand their business internationally? Product Cycle Theory As a firm matures, it may recognize additional opportunities outside its home country.

The International Product Life Cycle  Firm creates product to accommodate local demand  Firm exports product to accommodate foreign demand  Firm establishes foreign subsidiary to establish presence in foreign country and possibly to reduce costs a. Firm differentiates product from competitors and/or expands product line in foreign country b. Firm’s foreign business declines as its competitive advantages are eliminated or

What are the major factors that distinguish multinational from domestic financial management? Currency differences Economic and legal differences Language differences Cultural differences Government roles Political risk

Part I The International Financial Environment

Cash Flow of the Overall MNC

Centralized Multinational Financial Management

Decentralized Multinational Financial Management for an MNC with two subsidiaries, A and B