Ganesha Digital Library Seminar Internasional Digital Library Sasana Budaya Ganesha ITB 2 October 2000 Ganesha Digital Library Ir. Ismail Fahmi Ismail@itb.ac.id Knowledge Management Research Group Dan Perpustakaan Pusat ITB Ganesha Digital Library

Ganesha Digital Library Why Digital Library? Our Philosophy: We must share our knowledge Because: Knowledge won't be given to us except some days we will be asked about our promises to share the knowledge with other human being and never withhold it... Ali Imran 187 Ganesha Digital Library

Ganesha Digital Library Ucapan Terimakasih Sponsor: IDRC, YLTI, AI3, CNRG, Pasca Sarjana ITB, dan Pak Mujaya Hertadi. Staff PP ITB: Robert Manurung, Nanan Hasanah, Studiati Suwandi, Martinia Danubrata, Mahmudin, Dikdik Suhendi, Revi Kuswara, Ena Sukmana, dll. KMRG Team: Arif, Metra, Widi, Nuri, Donfau, Deny, Anduz, Yudi, Frans, dll. Ganesha Digital Library

Ganesha Digital Library Agenda Tentang Digital Library Digital Library Meningkatkan Pembelajaran (Enhance Learning) Ganesha Digital Library GDL-Network Indonesian Digital Library Network Goal di Masa Depan Ganesha Digital Library

Ganesha Digital Library Improving Education Info. Literacy (1995) Internet (1984) SGML (1985) Digital Libraries NSF DLI (1994) Multimedia (1986) WWW (1994) University Scholarly Electronic Pub. (1988) Library Cancellations (1988) PDF (1992) Ganesha Digital Library

DL Memperpendek Rantai Dari: Editor Reviewer Penulis Publisher A&I Consolidator Library Pembaca Ganesha Digital Library

DL Memperpendek Rantai ke: aturan-aturan Digital Library Author Teacher User Reader Editor Learner Reviewer Librarian Ganesha Digital Library

Bagaimana Hubungan DL dengan Universitas Setiap Univ. akan memiliki Server DL  jumlahnya akan membesar, critical mass. Setiap Mhs akan belajar cara memakai & mengisi DL  bermanfaat bagi future habits Semua masalah DL muncul di Univ. (federated search, flexibility,personality)  bagus untuk test-bed. Dimulai dengan GDL  GDL-Network  IDLN  International Network (NDLTD) Ganesha Digital Library

Project Digital Library MARIAN (NLM) CS DL Prototype - ENVISION (NSF, ACM) TULIP (Elsevier, OCLC) BEV History Base (NSF, Blacksburg) DL for CS Education - EI (NSF, ACM) WATERS, NCSTRL (NSF) NDLTD (SURA, US Dept. of Education) CSTC (NSF, ACM), CRIM (NSF, SIGMM) WCA (Log) Repository (W3C) VT-PetaPlex-1 (Knowledge Systems) Ganesha Digital Library (ITB) InCU-Virtual Library www.digilib.or.id Ganesha Digital Library

Ganesha Digital Library DL Objectives Library: 24hr / 7day / dari desktop Integrated “super” information systems: 5S: streams, structures, spaces, scenarios, societies Ubiquitous, Higher Quality, Lower Cost Education, Knowledge Sharing, Discovery Disintermediation  Collaboration Universitas memperoleh kembali hak miliknya Interactive Courseware, Student Works Scalable, Sustainable, Usable, Useful Ganesha Digital Library

Ganesha Digital Library Keuntungan DL Mudah digunakan Efektif “Manfaat Digital Library tidak akan terasa, kecuali jika mudah digunakan secara efektif.” – Laporan IITA Workshop Ganesha Digital Library

Daya Tarik DL bagi Bangsa: Project nasional dapat menjaga peningalan kuno dan bersejarah: cultural, historical, linguistic, scholarly Ilmu pengetahuan dan Informasi penting bagi pertumbuhan ekonomi, teknologi, dan pendidikan DL – sebuah wilayah kolaborasi international: Di dalamnya semua bisa berkontribusi dan mendapat manfaat, Mendapat keuntungan dari investasi jaringan, Menyediakan content yang berguna di internet, Menyatukan bangsa dan rakyat secara kuat dengan saling pengertian. Ganesha Digital Library

Ganesha Digital Library

Definisi: DL adalah sistem kompleks yang: Membantu memenuhi kebutuhan informasi bagi pemakai (societies) Menyediakan layanan informasi (scenarios) Mengorganisasikan informasi sehingga dapat digunakan (structures) Menyajikan informasi sehingga mudah dimanfaatkan (spaces) Menyampaikan informasi kepada pengguna (streams) Ganesha Digital Library

Ganesha Digital Library Layer 5 S: Societies Scenarios Spaces Structures Streams Ganesha Digital Library

Isue 1: Model dokumen, representasi dan akses Doc = stream + structure + use-scenario; hybrid (paper/electronic), digital only Multilingual: content, summary, metadata Multimedia: structure, quality (oS), search Structured: MARC, SGML, by user: MVD Distributed collection: Kleisli, CIMI, Z39.50 Federated search: collecting, picking site(s), parallel search / fall-back, fusing results Access: IPR, payment, security, scenarios Ganesha Digital Library

Ganesha Digital Library Isu 2: Asitektur Sistem Internet middleware Independent system / part of federation Decompositions vary search engine, browser, DBMS, MM support repository, handle server, client information resources + mediators, bus or agent collection + client with workspace/environment Metrics: e.g., for federated search Ganesha Digital Library

Ganesha Digital Library Isu 3: Standard Protocols/federation Z39.50, CIMI Dienst, NCSTRL OAi protocol Metadata TEI: inline, detailed (structure in stream) MARC: two-level, fine-grained Dublin Core: high-level, 15 elements RDF: describing resources/collections, annotation OAMS and others used in OAi Ganesha Digital Library

Ganesha Digital Library Agenda Tentang Digital Library Digital Library Meningkatkan Pembelajaran (Enhance Learning) Ganesha Digital Library GDL-Network Indonesian Digital Library Network Goal di Masa Depan Ganesha Digital Library

Enhancing Learning with DL Ganesha Digital Library

Ganesha Digital Library Repository, logs, tools, publication Univ. CS/EL Dept./ Library GDL/ NDLTD Teaching/ Training Curriculum Ganesha Digital Library

Ganesha Digital Library

Ganesha Digital Library Agenda Tentang Digital Library Digital Library Meningkatkan Pembelajaran (Enhance Learning) Ganesha Digital Library GDL-Network Indonesian Digital Library Network Goal di Masa Depan Ganesha Digital Library

Ganesha Digital Library Studi kasus: GDL Domain: riset dan pendidikan tinggi Genre: ETD (electronic theses & dissertations) Tugas akhir, laporan penelitian, proceeding, gray lit, journal, distance learning, multimedia URL: http://digital.lib.itb.ac.id Project: Ganesha Digital Library Project Ganesha Digital Library

Ganesha Digital Library Gagasan kunci: Networked infrastructure Kolaborasi Institusi & Personal Scalability Workflow, automation Penulis harus submit sendiri Access Standard Internasional Ganesha Digital Library

Ganesha Digital Library Goal Jangka Panjang > 2K mahasiswa ITB lulus / tahun terlibat Ratusan dosen dan peneliti ITB terlibat > 2K ETD, karya tulis, distance learning hipermedia (image, audio, video..) disimpan dalam portfolio elektronik Kemajuan dramatis dalam knowledge sharing Layanan akses sepanjang waktu bagi pengguna: browse, search, download, play.. Ratusan/ribuan/jutaan download per tahun Ganesha Digital Library

Ganesha Digital Library Progress… Ganesha = Nama dewa Ilmu Pengetahuan 1998, WAIS/ISIS, Federated search 1999-2000, GDL versi 1 dan 2, belum mengikuti standard, member > 1000. 2000, bantuan 1 set PC dari Pak Mujaya H, 1 set PC dari Pasca Sarjana ITB 2000, ISISNetwork, GDL versi 3, Mengikuti Standard Metadata Dublin Core 2000, akan mendapat pendanaan dari IDRC, YLTI, inisiatif IDLN Ganesha Digital Library

Ganesha Digital Library GDL Versi 2 Ganesha Digital Library

Status GDL versi 2 (experimen) Abstrak TA: 409 (Planologi) disubmit oleh pustakawan PL Abstrak Tesis: 91 (PL), 14 (EL), 2 (TK) Abstrak Laporan penelitian: 1991-1999 (LP-ITB) Multimedia: 31 koleksi digital audio/video Member: Full member: 793 Trial: 81 Incomplete: 739 Ganesha Digital Library

Ganesha Digital Library GDL Versi 3 Ganesha Digital Library

Ganesha Digital Library Start-up Collections Ganesha Digital Library

Ganesha Digital Library

Ganesha Digital Library

Ganesha Digital Library Interaktif & Feedback: Rating & Comments Ganesha Digital Library

Ganesha Digital Library

Ganesha Digital Library Search Ganesha Digital Library

Ganesha Digital Library Multimedia Ganesha Digital Library

Ganesha Digital Library Berita/News Ganesha Digital Library

Ganesha Digital Library

Ganesha Digital Library Status GDL versi 3 Koleksi: Clippings: submitted (0) - approved (0) - total (0) Distance_Learning: submitted (22) - approved (22) - total (22) Grey_Literatures: submitted (2) - approved (1) - total (3) Journals: submitted (4) - approved (1) - total (4) Multimedia: submitted (8) - approved (8) - total (8) Proceedings: submitted (9) - approved (9) - total (9) Research_Reports: submitted (0) - approved (0) - total (0) S1-Final_Project: submitted (4) - approved (4) - total (4) S2-Theses: submitted (7) - approved (5) - total (8) S3-Dissertations: submitted (0) - approved (0) - total (0) Member: Database anggota GDL versi 2 akan otomatis berlaku, dengan beberapa tambahan informasi. Ganesha Digital Library

Ganesha Digital Library Fitur GDL versi 3 Dublin Core metadata standard compliant Membership Submission workflow Author and Editor facilities Resources management Review and approval Rating and Comments Bookmarking Ordering News Highlight Browse by subject Search by fields Support any resources format (text, audio, video, images…) Ganesha Digital Library

Ganesha Digital Library Sistem GDL Knowledge Map/Genre: Tugas Akhir, Tesis, Disertasi, Laporan Penelitian Journal lokal, Grey Literatur, Distance Learning, Multimedia (audio/video), Kliping, dan Proceeding Directory of expertise Tipe Akses: Guest: search dan browse hanya sampai abstrak. Member: free, full akses, dan bisa menjadi Author atau Editor. Group Akses: Author Editor Knowledge Officer Operator Services Administrator Ganesha Digital Library

Ganesha Digital Library Group Author Author: individu yang ikut sharing knowledge di GDL Hak akses: Full akses sebagai member, Submit, upload, update electronic resources di bawah kategori tertentu. Menjadi Author: Mahasiswa, peneliti, dosen, dan individu Mengirim e-letter kepada Knowledge Officer berisi permohonan menjadi Author untuk subjek atau kategori tertentu, dan tipe resources tertentu. Ganesha Digital Library

Ganesha Digital Library Group Editor Editor: individu mewakili diri sendiri, unit, jurusan, atau organisasi yang akan berbagi electronic resources nya di GDL. Hak Akses: Full akses sebagai member, Create, Delete new category dibawah kategory tertentu sesuai subjeknya, Submit, upload, update electronic resources di bawah kategori yang dia kelola. Menjadi Editor: Memiliki banyak resources di berbagai sub-kategori, Mengirim e-letter kepada Knowledge Officer berisi permohonan menjadi Author untuk subjek atau kategori tertentu, dan tipe resources tertentu. Ganesha Digital Library

Group Knowledge Officer Knowledge Officer: individu yang ditugasi menjadi penanggung jawab pengorganisasian resources di kategori tertentu. Hak Akses: Memiliki hak akses Group Editor, Memberi evaluasi dan approval bagi setiap resources di bawah kategori yang dia kelola. Tanggung jawab: Kelengkapan informasi/data dari setiap resources yang diupload di bawah kategori tertentu termasuk masalah copyright, Approval dan filtering, Koordinasi dengan para Author dan Editor di kategori yang sama, Menerima permohonan dari member menjadi Author atau Editor, Training bagi Author dan Editor. Menjadi Knowledge Officer: Pustakawan Wakil dari unit, jurusan, organisasi, dan individu yang dipilih. Ganesha Digital Library

Ganesha Digital Library Group Operator Operator, bertugas melakukan konversi data: Hardcopy ke digital (scanning) Digital ke digital (conversion, misal DOC menjadi PDF) Menjadi Operator: Dari pustakawan PP ITB Ganesha Digital Library

Ganesha Digital Library Group Services Group Services bertugas: Melayani pesanan jasa informasi dari member, Helpdesk bagi member Ganesha Digital Library

Ganesha Digital Library Group Administrator Admnistrator mengelola: Membership, group, dan hak akses bagi Author dan Editor (bekerja sama dengan Konwledge Officer), News, banner iklan Menjadi administrator: Terbatas Dari pustakawan dan KMRG Ganesha Digital Library

Ganesha Digital Library GDL-Task Force Ganesha Digital Library

Ganesha Digital Library Workflow GDL bagi Author Ganesha Digital Library

Ganesha Digital Library Skenario GDL Tim Knowledge Officer + Operator Author/Editor Metadata database Files repository HTLM Generated Metadata Information Pengunjung/ Member CD-ROM Ganesha Digital Library

Ganesha Digital Library Arsitektur GDL Sistem Operasi: UNIX FreeBSD Web Server: Apache Programming Lang: PHP 4.02 Database server: MySQL Streaming server: Real Server Search Engine: SWISH-E Ganesha Digital Library

Ganesha Digital Library Standard GDL Metadata: Dublin Core costumized (akan direvisi mengikuti NDLTD Metadata Std) Klasifikasi: sedang disusun Protokol Metadata Gathering: sedang dikaji Workflow: Sedang disempurnakan Ganesha Digital Library

Ganesha Digital Library Agenda Tentang Digital Library Digital Library Meningkatkan Pembelajaran (Enhance Learning) Ganesha Digital Library GDL-Network Indonesian Digital Library Network Goal di Masa Depan Ganesha Digital Library

Ganesha Digital Library GDL-Network GDL-Network merupakan upaya KMRG/PP ITB untuk berbagi teknologi DL dengan institusi lain. Merupakan solusi teknologi DL bagi universitas. Merupakan Jaringan Digital Library antar Institusi yang menggunakan software GDL sebagai servernya. ITB menjadi hub bagi pengumpulan metadata dari seluruh server partner GDL-Network. Server Hub di ITB menjadi interface ke jaringan digital library yang lebih besar (IDLN atau NDLTD). Mengikuti standard jaringan DL yg lebih besar. Ganesha Digital Library

Ganesha Digital Library Mengapa GDL-Network? Software GDL memang direncakan akan dishare kpd institusi lain. Visi: agar tercapai kemajuan yang dramatis dalam knowledge sharing. Perlu kontrak kerjasama yang jelas untuk memastikan agar institusi yang menggunakan GDL terlibat aktif dalam knowledge sharing. Jika dishare secara bebas dikhawatirkan tidak mendukung knowledge sharing secara luas. Kebijakan dan aturan setiap institusi tetap akan dihormati dan diikuti. Ganesha Digital Library

Dukungan yang Ditawarkan Software, dokumentasi, technical support Mailing list, Full-resources (DL) hosting (bagi anggota yang tidak punya link internet 24 jam), Ganesha Digital Library

Ganesha Digital Library Skenario GDL-Network Ganesha Digital Library

Menjadi Partner GDL-Network In progress: Mekanisme implementasi bagi institusi lain sedang dibahas. Teknologi networking antar server dalam GDL-Network sedang dirancang. Realisasi bagi institusi lain diharapkan dapat dimulai pada Februari 2001. Institusi partner harus bersedia mendukung dan aktif melakukan knowledge sharing secara luas dalam GDL-Network. Ganesha Digital Library

Ganesha Digital Library Agenda Tentang Digital Library Digital Library Meningkatkan Pembelajaran (Enhance Learning) Ganesha Digital Library GDL-Network Indonesian Digital Library Network Goal di Masa Depan Ganesha Digital Library

Ganesha Digital Library IDLN IDLN = Indonesian Digital Library Network (singkatan sama dengan Indonesia Distance Learning Network, Pustekkom ?) Baru merupakan inisiatif/usulan/ajakan untuk membangun digital library network di tingkat nasional. Meeting: 3-4 October 2000 di Lembang. Web site: http://idln.itb.ac.id Ganesha Digital Library

Ganesha Digital Library Mengapa IDLN? Belum ada upaya bersama di tingkat nasional untuk membangun DL network di Indonesia. IPI, Perpusnas, FKPPTI, dll belum memperlihatkan visi pengembangan DL network dalam waktu dekat ini. Perlu waktu, tenaga, dan biaya yang lumayan agar organisasi perpustakaan yang ada bisa/mau serius mengembangkan DL network. Pengembangan DL network harus dimulai sekarang, tidak bisa menunggu. Indonesia sudah tertinggal. Lebih mudah dimulai dari institusi-institusi yang sudah siap (biasanya perguruan tinggi). Ganesha Digital Library

Ganesha Digital Library Goal IDLN Membangun standard interoperabilitas antar DL server di Indonesia. Interoperbilitas DL di Indonesia dengan DL Internasional. Membantu institusi mengembangkan DL di lingkungan masing-masing. Kebebasan bagi setiap institusi untuk mengembangkan DL di lingkungannya. Forum komunikasi isu-isu kebijakan dan operasional antar DL sistem dalam IDLN. Ganesha Digital Library

Ganesha Digital Library Isu Dibahas dalam IDLN Society Definisi dan Format IDLN Model kerjasama dalam IDLN Aturan, hak, kewajiban, dll.. Scenario Knowledge map Knowledge: collection, organization, presentation, access, dissemination Copyright issues..dll.. Technical Name spaces (nama file, organisasi, dll) Metadata standard Protokol komunikasi antar server Ganesha Digital Library

Alternatif Format IDLN Merupakan Forum komunikasi dan pembahasan standard DL di Indonesia. Solusi teknologi tidak dibahas. Merupakan Konsorsium yang membahas standard dan menyediakan solusi teknologi DL bagi anggota. Ganesha Digital Library

Ganesha Digital Library Skenario IDLN ? Dll… Dll… Sharing metadata GDL- Network HUB IDLN IAIN HUB APTIK Eastern UMM JII InCU-VL EL-ITB Ganesha Digital Library

Ganesha Digital Library Agenda Tentang Digital Library Digital Library Meningkatkan Pembelajaran (Enhance Learning) Ganesha Digital Library GDL-Network Indonesian Digital Library Network Goal di Masa Depan Ganesha Digital Library

Ganesha Digital Library Goal di Masa Depan Internasional: IDLN member of NDLTD Riset-riset baru di bidang DL Ganesha Digital Library

www.NDLTD.org Training Authors Expanding Access Preserving Knowledge The Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations www.NDLTD.org Training Authors Expanding Access Preserving Knowledge Improving Graduate Education Enhancing Scholarly Communication Empowering Students & Universities Leader of the Worldwide ETD (Electronic Thesis and Dissertation) Initiative Ganesha Digital Library

Institutional Members Coalition for Networked Information (CNI) Committee on Institutional Cooperation (CIC) Diplomica.com Dissertation.com Dissertationen Online (Germany) ETDweb, a Division of Answer4.com Ibero-American Science & Technology Education Consortium (ISTEC) National Documentation Centre (NDC), Greece National Library of Portugal (for all universities) OCLC Online Computer Library Center Organization of American States (SEDI/OAS) Southeastern Library Network (SOLINET) UNESCO (www.unesco.org/webworld/etd) 13 11 16 11

National / Regional Projects Australia U. New South Wales (lead) U. of Melbourne U. of Queensland U. of Sydney Australian National U. Curtin U. of Technology Griffith U. Germany Humboldt University (lead) 3 other universities 5 learned societies: Math, Physics, Chemistry, Sociology, Education 1 computing center 2 major libraries OhioLINK: 79 colleges/univs Consorci de Biblioteques Universitàries de Catalunya, as group, www.cbuc.es: Universitat de Barcelona Universitat Autonòma de Barcelona Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya Universitat Pompeu Fabra Universitat de Girona Universitat de Lleida Universitat Rovira i Virgili Universitat Oberta de Catalunya Biblioteca de Catalunya Ganesha Digital Library

US University Members (43) Air University (Alabama) Baylor University Brigham Young University Caltech Clemson University College of William & Mary Concordia University (Illinois) East Carolina University East Tenn. State U. – require fall 2000 Florida Institute of Technology Florida International University George Washington University Louisiana State University Marshall University (W. Va.) Miami University of Ohio Michigan Tech Mississippi State University MIT Naval Postgraduate School (CA) North Carolina State University Penn. State University Rochester Institute of Tech. U. of Colorado Health Science Center U. of Florida U. of Georgia University of Hawaii, Manoa U. of Iowa U. of Kentucky U. of Maine U. of North Texas – required since 8/99 U. of Oklahoma U. of South Florida U. of Tennessee, Knoxville U. of Tennessee, Memphis U. of Texas at Austin U. of Virginia U. Wisconsin - Madison Vanderbilt U. Virginia Commonwealth U. Virginia Tech - required since 1/97 West Virginia U. - required fall 1998 Western Michigan U. Worcester Polytechnic Inst. 13 11 16 11

Other Countries with Members Brazil Canada Germany Hong Kong India Italy Mexico Netherland Russia Singapore S. Africa S. Korea Spain Taiwan UK Ganesha Digital Library

OhioLINK Statewide Consortium Represents 79 colleges, universities, libraries Public Universities Private Universities and Colleges 2-Year Colleges Only a few (e.g., Miami U. of Ohio) are also NDLTD members on their own 13 11 16 11

National / Regional Projects Australia U. New South Wales (lead) U. of Melbourne U. of Queensland U. of Sydney Australian National U. Curtin U. of Technology Griffith U. Germany Humboldt University (lead) 3 other universities 5 learned societies: Math, Physics, Chemistry, Sociology, Education 1 computing center 2 major libraries Consorci de Biblioteques Universitàries de Catalunya, as group, www.cbuc.es: Universitat de Barcelona Universitat Autonòma de Barcelona Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya Universitat Pompeu Fabra Universitat de Girona Universitat de Lleida Universitat Rovira i Virgili Universitat Oberta de Catalunya Biblioteca de Catalunya Ganesha Digital Library

US University Members (43) Air University (Alabama) Baylor University Brigham Young University Caltech Clemson University College of William & Mary Concordia University (Illinois) East Carolina University East Tenn. State U. – require fall 2000 Florida Institute of Technology Florida International University George Washington University Louisiana State University Marshall University (W. Va.) Miami University of Ohio Michigan Tech Mississippi State University MIT Naval Postgraduate School (CA) North Carolina State University Penn. State University Rochester Institute of Tech. U. of Colorado Health Science Center U. of Florida U. of Georgia University of Hawaii, Manoa U. of Iowa U. of Kentucky U. of Maine U. of North Texas – required since 8/99 U. of Oklahoma U. of South Florida U. of Tennessee, Knoxville U. of Tennessee, Memphis U. of Texas at Austin U. of Virginia U. Wisconsin - Madison Vanderbilt U. Virginia Commonwealth U. Virginia Tech - required since 1/97 West Virginia U. - required fall 1998 Western Michigan U. Worcester Polytechnic Inst. 13 11 16 11

Other International Members Chinese University of Hong Kong Chungnam National U. (S. Korea - CS) City University, London (UK) Darmstadt U. of Tech. (Germany) Free University of Berlin (GE - Vet. Med.) Gyeongsang National U. (Korea) Indian Institute of Tech., Bombay (India) Nanyang Technological U. (Singapore, pt) National Sun Yat-Sen U. (Taiwan) National U. of Singapore (Singapore, pt) 13 11 16 11

Other International Members cont’d Polytechnic University of Valencia (Spain) Rhodes U. (South Africa) St. Petersburg St. Tech.U (Russia) Univ. de las Américas Puebla (Mexico) Univ. de Sao Paulo (Brazil) Univ. of Alicante (Spain) Univ. of Mysore (India) Univ. of Pisa (Italy) Univ. Utrecht (NL – type 4) U. Laval; U. of Guelph; U. Waterloo; Wilfrid Laurier U. (Canada), … 13 11 16 11

Syarat kolaborasi internasional Standard metadata XML exchange data format Z39.50 protocol Interoperability dengan server DL internasional Ganesha Digital Library

Ganesha Digital Library Strategi IDLN  NDLTD NDLTD IDLN HUB HUB IDLN merupakan interface bagi DL server di Indonesia dengan NDLTD Ganesha Digital Library

Ganesha Digital Library Riset Baru Akses DL: 3D VRML Sphere Ganesha Digital Library

Ganesha Digital Library

Ganesha Digital Library Browse DL Ganesha Digital Library

Ganesha Digital Library Baca Abstrak Ganesha Digital Library

Ganesha Digital Library Terimakasih Referensi: Open Archives initiative and the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Prof. Edward A. Fox, Virginia Tech) Ganesha Digital Library