KONSERVASI ENERGI DI ERMUKIMAN UNTUK MENURUNKAN EMISI CO 2 Oleh : Suprapto

POKOK BAHASAN   Profile penggunaan energi di Indonesia   Konsumsi energi per sektor   Profile penggunaan energi pada bangunan   Konservasi energi dan emisi CO 2   Upaya emisi CO 2 di permukiman

PROSENTASE POLA PEMAKAIAN DAN CADANGAN ENERGI INDONESIA (1995) Pemakaian energi Cadangan energi Minyak bumi 65,45% Minyak bumi 9,18% Gas bumi 19,92% Gas bumi 14,61% Batu bara 7,58% Batu bara 75,28% Tenaga air 6,54% Tenaga air 0,76% Panas bumi 0,51% Panas bumi 0,16% Sumber : Rencana Induk Konservasi Energi Nasional (RIKEN, 1995)

KONSUMSI ENERGI PER SEKTOR Energy consumption by sector and target of energy conservation in Indonesia up to 2000 Energy consumption by sector and target of energy conservation in Indonesia up to 2000 Sectors Energy consumption Energy conservation target Industry45%20% Transport30%15% Buildings25%15% Source : RIKEN, 1995

PEMAKAIAN ENERGI PER SEKTOR European union (1994) European union (1994) Industrial sector : 33% Industrial sector : 33% Transportation : 25% Transportation : 25% Building sector : 39%  reduced to 20% (2000) Building sector : 39%  reduced to 20% (2000) Conservation program intended to gain 50% reduction in energy consumption and 50 – 70% reduction in CO Conservation program intended to gain 50% reduction in energy consumption and 50 – 70% reduction in CO 2 By controlling passive solar energy, lighting and conventional heating the project hopes to improve the quality of the indoor visual and thermal climate and, furthermore, to reduce or even eliminate the need for active cooling Martin McDonald, Europen Community launched THERMIE Program, 1994 (Seminar-workshop on Energy in Buildings, Singapore, June, 1994)

FINAL ENERGY USE BY SECTOR, KTOE in Malaysia SECTORS Industrial 5885 (44.5%) 6413 (44%) 7112 (43.9%) Transport 5387 (40.7%) 5806 (39.8%) 6226 (38.4%) Residential and commercial 1646 (12.4%) 1747 (11.9%) 1891 (11.7%) Non energy 299 (2.4%) 467 (3.2%) 656 (4.2%) Agriculture 127 (1.1%) 391 (2.8%) Total Seminar on energy in buildings, 94

Electricity Consumption, ASEAN Building Sector (GWh) Year All sector Buildings (% of total*) Residential Commercial ,310 48,932 (51,4) 24,588 (25,9) 24,344 (25,5) ,417 53,381 (49,7) 26,572 (24,7) 26,809 (25,0) ,532 60,283 (49,6) 30,216 (24,9) 30,067 (24,7) ,823 66,436 (49,6) 33,328 (24,8) 33,198 (24,8) ,405 76,103 (51,3) 36,799 (24,9) 39,304 (26,5) Increase in 5 yrs,% 55,755,549,761,5 *Total electricity demand of all sectors Source : ASEAN Energy review, 1994

PROFIL PENGGUNAAN ENERGI SECARA UMUM BANGUNAN DI INDONESIA AC : 66% AC : 66% Penerangan : 17,4% Penerangan : 17,4% Lif/elevator : 3,2% Lif/elevator : 3,2% Pompa : 4,9% Pompa : 4,9% Lain-lain : 8,5% Lain-lain : 8,5% (Hasil survey DJLEB, 1992) (Hasil survey DJLEB, 1992) Profil penggunaan energi berbeda tergantung jenis penggunaan bangunan

PROFIL PENGGUNAAN ENERGI PADA BANGUNAN Energy consumption in general buildings (ITB, 1990)

PROFIL ENERGI PADA BANGUNAN Energy consumption in hotels (ITB, 1990) Energy consumption in offices (ITB, 1990)

PROFIL ENERGI PADA BANGUNAN Energy consumption in hospitals (ITB, 1990)

PROFIL PENGGUNAAN ENERGI Residential buildings in Indonesia (1994) Residential buildings in Indonesia (1994)  Air conditioning : 11%  Lighting : 33%  Utilities : 19%  Entertainment : 12%  Kitchen : 16%  Others : 9% Penggunaan energi di bangunan umumnya menggunakan listrik, baru kemudian LPG, minyak tanah, biogas dalam prosentase terbatas dan umumnya untuk keperluan memasak

Unit electricity consumption of miscellaneous appliances (1994) Appliances or use Average annual energy use (kW) Sewing machine Clock Kitchen blender Exhaust fan Egg cooker M i x e r Window fan Waffle iron Heating/sun lamp Hair dryer Waste disposal V C R Sump/sewage pump Grill or griddle Ceiling fan Vacuum cleaner Coffee maker Radio Countertop broiler Hot plate Appliances or use Average annual energy use (kW) Humidifier Record player Microwave oven Computer Electric blanket Hand iron Portable fan TV, tube type Fry pan Dishwasher Countertop roaster Air cleaner Engine heater TV, solid state, color Water Dispenser Dehumidifier Well pump TV, tube type, color Waterbed heater Pool pump

PROFIL PENGGUNAAN ENERGI DI SINGAPURA (1994) Commercial buildings Shopping buildings Hotel buildings Hospital buildings AC67%70%57%50% Lighting5%7%12%13% Lift & Escal 17%11%6%9% Medical24% Heat pump 1% Kitchen5% Cold room 4% TV3% Others11%12%12%4%

LANGKAH-LANGKAH YANG TELAH DILAKUKAN di INDONESIA Program penghematan energi Program penghematan energi Melakukan audit energi Melakukan audit energi Pengembangan teknologi Pengembangan teknologi konservasi energi konservasi energi Penyusunan SNI konservasi Penyusunan SNI konservasi energi pada bangunan gedung energi pada bangunan gedung Penyusunan juknis Penyusunan juknis Sosialisasi hemat energi Sosialisasi hemat energi

KONSERVASI ENERGI & EMISI CO 2  Pembangkitan energi memberikan emisi CO  Pembangkitan energi memberikan emisi CO 2  Konservasi energi memberikan kontribusi terhadap penurunan emisi CO terhadap penurunan emisi CO 2   Disamping konservasi energi, tindakan diversifikasi energi dan inovasi alternatif energi akan sangat membantu

PELUANG EMISI CO PELUANG EMISI CO 2 DI SEKTOR PERMUKIMAN PENDEKATAN PENDEKATAN 1. Pendekatan proses membangun Planning-design-construction-operation & maintenance-demolition 2. Pendekatan substansi pembangunan Bahan bangunan- arsitektonis & interior- struktur – utilitas 3. Pendekatan aspek lingkungan Green open space-eko labelling-keanekaragaman hayati di permukiman 4. Pendekatan budaya

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