Konsep hubungan ‘host, agent and environment’ MATERI TEMU-3 TUJUAN Diakhir perkuliahan mahasiswa memiliki konsep dasar penyebab timbulnya penyakit sebagai berikut: Konsep hubungan ‘host, agent and environment’ Jaring sebab akibat Model Roda

Konsep Dasar Timbulnya Penyakit Penyakit TBC bakteri tuberculosispenyebab tunggal=single causation  belum tentu? Mengapa? Utk munculya suatu penyakit tdk hanya disebabkan kuman a/ bakteri a/ virus yg disebut “agent” tetapi harus ada faktor lain yg berperan penting yaitu: “host” = pejamu & “environment” = Lingkungan  Penyebab majemuk = multiple causation of disease.

Model-model timbulnya penyakit; Segitiga epidemiologi HOST AGENT ENVIRONMENT

A H E H A E

Pergeseran salah satu faktor akan merubah keseimbangan H-A-E Contoh: Penyakit anemia, Penyakit Degeneratif

Penyakit X 2. Jaring-Jaring Sebab Akibat Faktor 7 Faktor 8 Faktor 9

Suatu P tdk bergantung pd satu sebab berdiri sendiri ttp sbg akibat dr serangkaian proses sebab dan akibat. Contoh: Penyakit menular Penyakit tidak menular

Contoh: Penyakit tidak menular BBLR overweightDM

Natural History of Disease - Concept of Disease Causation Applied to Nutriton The natural history of D the process by which a D occur & progress in human. Involving the interaction of 3 different factors: Causative agent: a factor whose present causes a D, incl. physical, chemical, nutrient, biological, genetic & psychological agent; Environment: all external conditions affecting the life of living things (physical, biological, SES) Host: the individual/human being in whom the agent produces D

The Epidemiology triangle CAUSATIVE AGENT TIME HOST ENVIRONMENT The Natural history of a D can be divided into 2 periods: Prepathogenesis (susceptability and adaptation) Pathogenesis (early pathogenesis)

A factor or exposure is considered a cause if it precede a disease. Sufficient cause: when a factor inevitably produces or initiates a disease; Necessary cause: if the disease cannot develop in its absence. For a disease condition to progress, both a sufficient and necessary cause is essential

TUGAS Cari di kepustakaan tentang satu model masalah kesehatan atau gizi dan berikan penjelasan secara rinci Kirim hasilnya ke: Idrus.jusat@indonusa.ac.id atau idrus@uninet.net.id