PENELUSURAN MASALAH PENELITIAN ILMU KEPERAWATAN Prof. Dr. Nursalam, M.Nurs (Hons) Pengurus AIPNI Ketua Dewan Redaksi Jurnal Ners Reviewer IWCJ nursalam-MASALAH

METODOLOGI PENELITIAN (MMP) SKRIPSI – TESIS - DESERTASI II. METODOLOGI D-S-V-I-A DESAIN POPULASI, SAMPEL & SAMPLING,BESAR SAMPEL VARIABEL & DEFINISI OPERASIONAL PENGUMPULAN DATA (INSTRUMENT, WAKTU & TEMPAT, PROSEDUR) ANALISIS DATA Mencari kebenaran: (Korespondensi & Koherensi) 1. KEILMUAN - BIDANG I. M A S L H 2. KASUS 3. MASALAH (F1-F2) 6. TOPIK / TEMA JUDUL 4. RUMUSAN MASALAH & KERANGKA KONSEP III. PENULISAN - HASIL 5. TUJUAN nursalam-MASALAH

1. SEARCHING OF RESEARCH PROBLEM ---- Phenomena nursalam-MASALAH

AREA TOPIK RISET KEPERAWATAN ANAK MATERNITAS MEDIKAL BEDAH JIWA KOMUNITAS & KELUARGA GERONTIK MANAJEMEN DAN PENDIDIKAN nursalam-MASALAH

CONTRIBUTION ON THEORY AND PRACTICE A GOOD TOPIC? N-O-C-T NOVELTY ORIGINALITY CONTRIBUTION ON THEORY AND PRACTICE TRENDS / PREVALENCY nursalam-MASALAH

LANGKAH PENELUSURAN MASALAH & PENULISAN ARTIKEL VIA RISET nursalam-MASALAH

SEARCHING NURSING RESEARCH PROBLEM (P-34) 1. TOPIC IDEA Prolonged 1st Stage of labour NURSING SCIENCE: MATERNITY, PEDIATRIC, etc. BRAINSTROMING Factors that cause the prolonged? 2. CASE SELECTION: INC, Hospitalisation stress,, etc. LITERATURE REVIEW Factors: 5P, the dominant one is psyche: husband support - has not been studied 3. NURSING PROBLEM: NANDA / GORDON (F1-F2) “Prolonged 1st stage of labour VARIABLES 5P (power, passage, passanger, psychological, provider ...) Anxiety, straining strength , age, parity, family support, Admission time, stress etc. F-I-N-E-R FRAMEWORK 4. RESEARCH QUESTIONS (Q-S-S) What is the effect of husband support on acceleration of cervix dilatation 1st stage of Labour for inpartum mother? 5. AIM AND OBJECTIVES (BLOOM + Objective + (V-V) ……. To explain the effect of husband support on acceleration of cervix dilatation for inpartum mother TITLE 6. EFFECT OF HUSBAND SUPPORT ON ACCELERATION OF CERVIX DILATATION FOR INPARTUM MOTHER nursalam-MASALAH

1. SEARCHING OF RESEARCH PROBLEM ---- Phenomena FACT _WHY..... MALNUTRITION ? nursalam-MASALAH

WHY..... TRADITIONAL MEDICINE nursalam-MASALAH

WHY..... ENVIRONMENT nursalam-MASALAH

WHY..... HEALTH BEHAVIOR nursalam-MASALAH

DISASTER MANAGEMENT HOW? nursalam-MASALAH

STRESS nursalam-MASALAH 13 1- 13 Coping Managing taxing circumstances, expending effort to solve life's problems, and seeking to master or reduce stress. Problem-focused Coping Lazarus' term for the cognitive strategy of squarely facing one's troubles and trying to solve them. Emotion-focused Coping Lazarus' term for responding to stress in an emotional manner, especially using defensive appraisal. nursalam-MASALAH 13 1- 13

CONTOH ..... PENGGALIAN MASALAH PENELITIAN KEP MATERNITAS KEPERAWATAN MATERNITAS Askep Ibu Prenatal Askep Ibu Intranatal Askep Ibu Postnatal Askep pada BBLR Askep Ibu Resiko Tinggi Kehamilan Askep dgn ggn reproduksi Askep pd Ibu Akseptor KB Anamnesa ibu hamil Pemeriksaan Kehamilan Senam Hamil Penyuluhan pada Ibu Hamil Leopold-I Leopold-I Leopold-I nursalam-MASALAH

KEPERAWATAN MATERNITAS Lanjutan ....... KEPERAWATAN MATERNITAS Askep Ibu Prenatal Askep Ibu Intranatal Askep Ibu Postnatal Askep pada BBLR Askep Ibu Resiko Tinggi Kehamilan Askep dgn ggn reproduksi Askep pd Ibu Akseptor KB Pengkajian Kala-I Pengkajian Kala-II Pengkajian Kala-III Pengkajian Kala-IV Tanda Persalinan Kemajuan buka cervix Perubahan Fisik Perubahan Psikologis Perawatan Plasenta Perawatan Perdarahan Abs. Perdarahan Bounding Attachment Manajemen nyeri Persiapan persalinan Pimpinan persalinan Penghitungan skore Apgar nursalam-MASALAH

KEPERAWATAN MATERNITAS I Lanjutan ....... KEPERAWATAN MATERNITAS I Askep Ibu Prenatal Askep Ibu Intranatal Askep Ibu Postnatal Askep pada BBLR Askep Ibu Resiko Tinggi Kehamilan Askep dgn ggn reproduksi Askep pd Ibu Akseptor KB Pengkajian Diagnosa intervensi Implementasi Evaluasi Tanda Vital Involutio Laktasi Luka perinium Higiene Vulva Breast care Mobilisasi Diet Ibu menyusui Manajemen laktasi Senam kala nifas nursalam-MASALAH

PNC (POST NATAL CARE) SPIDER WEB Involusi Uteri Luka perineum POST PARTUM Involusi Uteri Senam nifas Pijat oxytocin ? Post Partum Blue stress Dukungan keulaurga Lain Produksi ASI Luka perineum Merawat bayi nursalam-MASALAH

INPARTUM (1ST STAGE OF LABOUR ) SPIDER WEB INPARTUM (1ST STAGE OF LABOUR ) INPARTUM Power: Nutrisi Nutrition status Pregnant excercise ? Psychological stress Family support others Passanger Passage Provider nursalam-MASALAH

Incomplient of diet & treatment SPIDER WEB DIABETES MELLITUS Central Theme Blood glucose DM Diabetic wound Treatment ? Incomplient of diet & treatment Ammount Type Schedule Stress / Give up Activity : type (DM excercise, walking, etc) nursalam-MASALAH

TOPIC / PROBLEM: PATIENT SATISFACTION SPIDER WEB TOPIC / PROBLEM: PATIENT SATISFACTION PATIENT SATISFACTION The Problems Scope of Wards Operating theater Over All Patients Effect on Patient GP. Not performed In appropriate accomodation Hospital don’t know what px-expect Patient Safety Research service not important Hospital Policy not research based Nurses don’t believe Research result Nurse don’t do research Nurse don’t do Properly Nobody takes any interest No case conference No name tag Nurse Poor Relationship with health team Never H.E-when Pt.discharge Poor Relationship With Community Service No response on complain No programme to visit Community Argument over finding Different trust nursalam-MASALAH

2. WRITE CHAPTER LITERATURE REVIEW THEORITICAL REVIEW (USE OF NURSING THEORIES & OTHER RELEVANT THEORY) THEORITICAL MAPPING (RESEARCH ORIGINALITY) nursalam-MASALAH

KAJIAN MASALAH – REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE Research should be built on the work of others The “Literature” is all the written sources relevant to your topic Primary source Written by the person who originated , or is responsible for generating, the ideas published Secondary source Summarizes or quotes content from primary sources Paraphrase the works of primary authors Meta-analysis or systematic reviews Your work should mostly contain primary sources. Citations should be of primary sources not secondary sources Generally, try to keep cited references to within 5 years nursalam-MASALAH

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3. DEVELOP A A. FRAMEWORK (QUANTITATIVE) B 3. DEVELOP A A. FRAMEWORK (QUANTITATIVE) B. RESEARCH QUESTION (QUALITATIVE) nursalam-MASALAH

FRAMEWORK DEVELOPMENT 1. ROY: ADAPTATION MODEL 2. OREM: SELF CARE 3. CARING: WATSON & SWANSON 4. KINGS: OPEN SYSTEM MODEL 5. LEININGER: SUNRISE MODEL 6. etc. nursalam-MASALAH

What is the link between nursing theory and the research process? Theory provides direction for nursing research Relationships of components in a theory help to drive the research questions for understanding nursing Chinn and Kramer (2004), indicate a spiral relationship between the two nursalam-MASALAH

Nursing also utilizes non-nursing theories nursalam-MASALAH

MEMILIH TEORI & MEMBERIKAN RASIONAL a. Menganalisis impelementasi sebelumnya Implementasi terdahulu dapat dijadikan sebagai masukan untuk menetapkan intervensi saat ini. Mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang dapat ditindaklanjuti untuk ditargetkan dalam intervensi. Mengidentifikasi hambatan yang terjadi serta fasilitas yang memadai. nursalam-MASALAH

b. Mengkaji Beberapa Teori Mengkaji beberapa teori (keperawatan dan non keperawatan yang relevan) dan komponen utamanya yang mungkin sesuai dengan situasi yang dihadapi Mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor penentu yang mempengaruhi suatu perubahan perilaku atau pemberian intervensi dapat mempengaruhi hasil yang diinginkan nursalam-MASALAH

c. Kajian Literatur (Literature Review) • What do you know from the literature about this change mechanism? • What if any theories have been employed for this type of change? • Consider the strength of this evidence • What have others interested in this mechanism/strategy previously used? • How well has this mechanism/strategy produced change? nursalam-MASALAH

1. COMFORT THEORY (Kolcaba) Enhanced Comfort Health Care Needs Nursing Interventions Intervening Variables Health Seeking Behaviors Institutional Integrity Best Practices Best Policies Internal Behavior Peaceful Death External Behaviors © Kolcaba (2007) nursalam-MASALAH

2. SELF CARE (OREM < Self-care Conditioning factors Self-care capabilities (self-care agency) Therapeutic self-care demand R < Deficit Conditioning factors R R Nursing Agency (supportive Educative) FIG. OREM – SELF CARE DEFICIT nursalam-MASALAH

3.CARING The Structure of Caring Maintaining belief Being with Knowing Doing for Enabling ( ) Client well-being Philosoohical attitudes towards persons (in general) and the designated client (in specific) Informed understanding of the clinical condition (in general) and the situation and client (in specific) Message conveyed to client Therapeutic actions Intended outcome The structure of caring as linked to the nurse’s philosophical attitude, informed understandings, message conveyed, therapeutic actions, and intended outcome. (from Swanson, K. M. [1993]. Nursing as informed caring for well-being of others. Image: The Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 25 [4], 352-357.) nursalam-MASALAH

4. Human Interaction for Goal Attainment (King) FEEDBACK PERCEPTION NURSE JUDGMENT ACTION REAC TION INTERAC TION TRANSACTION ACTION PATIENT JUDGMENT PERCEPTION FEEDBACK nursalam-MASALAH

5. SUNRISE (LEININGER) CULTURE CARE nursalam-MASALAH WORLD VIEW CULTURAL AND SOCIAL STRUCTURE DIMENSIONS TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS Religious and philosophical factors Kinship and social factors Cultural values and lifeways Political and legal factors Economic factors Educational Influences care patterns and expressions Health (well being) Of Individuals, families, group and institutions Diverse health systems Nursing care decisions and actions cultural care preservation/ maintenance cultural care accommodation/ negotiation cultural care repatterning/ restructuring Culture congruent care Nursing Diverse health systems Professional system nursalam-MASALAH

nursalam-MASALAH Macrosysterm (Society at large Micro (Community Fmeso (amily and friends) Father or intimate partner Mother d c b a Infant nursalam-MASALAH

7. SERVEQUAL PERCEIVED SERVICE QUALITY (Parasuraman) Word of mouth Personal needs Past experience Expected service Perceived Service Quality Dimensions: (RATER) Reliability Assurance Tangibles Empathy Responsiveness Service Quality Assessment 1. Expectations exceeded ES<PS (Quality surprise) 2. Expectations met ES~PS (Satisfactory quality) 3. Expectations not met ES>PS (Unacceptable quality) nursalam-MASALAH

8. MODEL OF PERCEIVED UNCERTAINTY IN ILLNESS Coping: Mobilizing Strategies Affect- control strategies Appraisal Danger (+) Stimulati frame Symptom pattern Event familiarity Even congruency (-) Interference Illusion Uncertainty Adaptation (+) Opportunity (+) (+) (-) Cognitive capacities Structure providers Credible authority Social support Education Coping: buffering strategies Model of perceived uncertainty in illness. (from Mishel, M. H. [1988, Winter]. Uncertainty in illnes. Image: The Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 20, 226) nursalam-MASALAH

9. Lazarus & Folkman (1984) & MBI (1996) nursalam-MASALAH

How do you expect to get from CURRENT EBP PRACTICE • Where are you now? • Where do you want to be? • Potential Barriers to change? • Possible facilitators to Change? =HOW to get to desired outcomes, EBP nursalam-MASALAH

5 Steps to EBP Ask the burning clinical question Collect the most relevant and best evidence Critically appraise the evidence Integrate all evidence with one’s clinical expertise, patient preferences, and values in making a practice decision or change Evaluate the practice decision or change nursalam-MASALAH

Forming A Good Questions: EVIDENCE BASED - PICO P = Patient population or disease of interest (age, gender, ethnicity, with a certain disorder hepatitis) I = Intervention or range of interventions of interest (exposure to disease, prognostic factor A, risk behavior) C = Comparison, you want to compare the intervention against (no disease, placebo or no intervention, prognostic factor B, absence of risk factor) O = Outcome of interest (accuracy of diagnosis, rate of occurrence of adverse outcome) In (P) immobile acute care patients, what is the effect of (I) turning every 2 hours on (O) prevention of pressure ulcers compared with (C) not turning patients every 2 hours? nursalam-MASALAH

d. Memberikan Rasional pada Teori yang Dipilih Determinan Teori/model Komponen program intervensi Rasional Rasa nyaman Theory of Comfort (Kolcaba) Pengembangan nurse-led clinic untuk mengatasi nyeri neuropati Kolcaba menjelaskan kebutuhan pelayanan kesehatan sebagai suatu kebutuhan akan kenyamanan dengan menentukan desain tindakan comfort melaui nurse-led clinic diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kenyamanan pasien yang mengalami nyeri neuropati nursalam-MASALAH

Self care deficit theory (Orem) Kemandirian pasien Self care deficit theory (Orem) Supportive-educative system: melatih teknik purse lips breathing pada pasien dengan PPOK Teori Orem menjelaskan tentang bagaimana seseorang dapat meningkatkan kemandirian seseorang dalam memenuhi kebutuhannya, dengan mengajarkan teknik purse lips breathing pasien dapat melakukan sendiri saat sesak untuk meningkatkan pernapasannya. Kemampuan adaptasi Adaptation model (Roy) Penggunaan polyethylene wrap pada BBLR Caring terhadap adaptasi pada pasien HIV Teori Roy menjelaskan upaya individu untuk dapat beradaptasi dengan situasi atau lingkungan sekitar. BBLR diupayakan untuk dapat beradapasi dengan suhu ruangan yang berbeda dengan ketika masih dalam kandungan. nursalam-MASALAH

Adaptation Model Input Control processes Effectors Output Coping mechanisms Regulator Cognator Physiological function Self-concept Role function Interdependence Stimuli Adaptation level Adaptive and ineffective response Feedback Person as adaptive system. (From Roy, C. [1984]. Introduction to nursing: An adaptation model [2nd ed., p. 30]. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.) nursalam-MASALAH

(Enviromental stimuli –External) MODEL - ADAPTASI DARI ROY STRESSOR (Enviromental stimuli –External) RESP. PERCEPTION (COGNATOR) Interdepen-dence Physiological Mode Role Function Sell-Concept RESP. BIOLOGICAL Caring Behavior Predisposing (Demographics) -Enabling -Reinforcing INDIVIDU functional psychological status state Severity of Deseast Psychosocial Interpersonal Relations ? IMMUNE STATUS Treatment Regimen MODEL - ADAPTASI DARI ROY (Nursalam, 2007) nursalam-MASALAH

Psychosocial Functioning Quality of Life Physical Health PNI Psycho Neuro Immunology HEALTH Lived Experience Potential Co-Factors Psychosocial Moderators Psychosocial Functioning Quality of Life Physical Health Person Factors Neuro- Endocrine Mediators Immunological Mediators Perceived Stress Coping Patterns Pre tx: Critical Factors nursalam-MASALAH

PNI nursalam-MASALAH (Thorton & Andersen, 2006)

COGNATOR PAKAR ADAPTIF Perception Judgement Emotion Learning Internal stimuli Processes for C A R I N G Intact pathways and apparatus for Perceptual/ information processing Selective attention, coding, and memory Perception Imitation, reinforcement, insight Learning Problem Solving & Decision Making Psychomotor choice of response Effectors Response Judgement ADAPTIF Emotion Defenses to seek relief , affective appraisal & attachement External stimuli nursalam-MASALAH PAKAR

REGULATOR nursalam-MASALAH Neural Internal stimuli Spinal cord;brainstem and autonomic reflexes Effectors Automatic reflex response Chemical Intac Intact Pathways Responsiveness of endocrine glands Hormonal output Responsiveness of target organs or tissues Body response Circulation to & from CNS Chemical External stimuli Neural Perception Short term memory Psychomotor choice of response Effectors Long term memory nursalam-MASALAH

PENERAPAN TOERI ROY & PNI TERHADAP RESPON ADAPTASI BIOPSIKOSIOSPIRITUAL PADA PASIEN HIV AIDS CARING (PAKAR) Biologis: IO, UP Psikologis (coping) Sosial (interaksi) Spiritual (mengambil hikmah) RESPONS PERSEPSI (KOGNISI) K O P I N G Respons Spiritual Respons Sosial Respons Penerimaan diri Harapan Tabah Hikmah Emosi Cemas Interaksi Denial Anger Bargaining Depression-Acceptance H O S T RESPONS BIOLOGIS Dabba McEnwee 2001 HPA-AXIS Adrenal (Cortisol ) IL2,IFN- Th-1 (CD4 ) Th-2 (CD4 ) Sel Plasma IFN- Ab- HIV NK-cell CTL Nursalam (2007) nursalam-MASALAH

FRAMEWORK (p.403– ADAPTATION & PNI) Counseling for patient with Stress – pre op Learning process (cognator) Perception (+) Coping (+)   Cognition - Emotion Stress   A D P T I O N Hypotalamus (CRF) H P A Adrenal medulla (Catecolamines Pituitary (ACTH) - endorphin Adrenal Cortex (Cortisol ) Vital signs (T, P, R, PB) AXIS IMMUNE RESPONSE MODULATION (CD4; cytokin; IgG) nursalam-MASALAH

Becoming a Mother (Mercer) Mengajarkan teknik kangaroo mother care Pencapaian peran ibu Becoming a Mother (Mercer) Mengajarkan teknik kangaroo mother care Teori Mercer sebagai acuan untuk mencapai peran seorang ibu dapat digunakan untuk mendasari KMC dalam upaya mendekatkan ikatan antara ibu dan bayi serta melatih ibu untuk merawat bayinya dengan penuh kasih sayang Interaksi sosial Interpersonal relation (Peplau) Intervensi cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) pada pasien menarik diri Teori peplau menjelaskan tentang kemampuan dalam memahami diri sendiri dan orang lain sehingga tepat untuk mengatasi masalah keperawatan menarik melalui fase orientasi, fase identifikasi, fase resolusi, fase eksplorasi yang sesuai dengan dengan tahapan CBT yaitu tahap orientasi, tahap kerja, dan tahap terminasi nursalam-MASALAH

Holistic Care Caring (Swanson) Penerapan caring dalam meningktkan mutu dan keselamatan pasien Teori ini menekankan peran caring dalam meningkatkan pelayanan berfokus pada pasien (kepuasan) dan mencegah terjadinnya adverse event (dekubitus, medication error, plebitis, pneumonia, infeksi daerah operasi, dan jatuh). nursalam-MASALAH

e. Identifikasi kesenjangan Memetakan keadaan pasien saat ini dan memetakan teori secara ideal Mengidentifikasi adanya kesenjangan yang terjadi antara keadaan pasien dengan teori. Menganalisis apa yang perlu dilakukan untuk mengatasi kesenjangan tersebut. nursalam-MASALAH

4. WRITE AIM AND OBJECTIVES nursalam-MASALAH

RUMUS TUJUAN BLOOM + Tuj. Penlitian + (V – V) (C2-C6) PERBEDAAN DESKRIPSI PERBEDAAN HUBUNGAN PENGARUH SEBAB-AKIBAT Menjelaskan Menganalisis Mengidentifikasi Mempelajari Mengukur dll nursalam-MASALAH

TUJUAN (adaptasi & PNI) - konseling Umum: Menjelaskan pengaruh konseling terhadap penurunan TTV dan modulasi respons imun pada pasien pre Operasi  Khusus 1. Menjelaskan pengaruh konseling terhadap coping pasien 2. Menjelaskan pengaruh konseling terhadap penurunan respons stres 3. Menjelaskan pengaruh konseling terhadap penurunan tanda tanda vital 4. Menjelaskan pengaruh penerapan caring terhadap modulasi respons imun (cortisol,CD4; cytokin; Ig) nursalam-MASALAH

TUJUAN PENELITIAN (UMUM & KHUSUS) TUJUAN UMUM Menjelaskan (Bloom) pengaruh (tujuan) penyuluhan (v.i) terhadap perubahan perilaku ibu untuk datang ke Posyandu (v.d) …. TUJUAN KHUSUS Menganalisis pengaruh penyuluhan terhadap pengetahuan ibu 2. Menganalisis pengaruh penyuluhan terhadap sikap ibu setelah mendapatkan penyuluhan 3. Menganalisis pengaruh penyuluhan terhadap rutinitas datang ke Posyandu nursalam-MASALAH

CONTOH JUDUL Menjelaskan (dihilangkan) PENGARUH PENYULUHAN TERHADAP PERUBAHAN PERILAKU IBU DATANG KE POSYANDU Atau PENYULUHAN KES DALAM PERUBAHAN PERILAKU IBU DATANG KE POSYANDU nursalam-MASALAH

5. JUDUL / TOPIK PENELITIAN SINGKAT DAN JELAS TIDAK MELEBIHI 12 KATA TERGAMBAR TUJUAN DAN VARIABEL PENELITIAN (DESAIN, SAMPEL, TEMPAT) nursalam-MASALAH

TITLE TO EXPLAIN (TAKE OUT) EFFECT OF PRE OP COUNSELING IN NURSING CARE ON REDUCING STRESS RESPONSE, VITAL SIGNS AND IMMUNE RESPONSE MODULATION FOR PATIENT WITH PRE OP OR PRE OP COUNSELING IN NURSING CARE ON REDUCING STRESS RESPONSE, VITAL SIGNS, AND IMMUNE RESPONSE MODULATION FOR PATIENT WITH PRE OP Oleh: Nursalam NIM . 090214910D nursalam-MASALAH

MANFAAT PENELITIAN Manfaat praktis Manfaat teoritis penyuluhan sebagai stimulus dalam proses pembelajaran dalam merubah kognisi seseorang berdasarkan konsep Adaptasi (Roy) dan PNI (Ader) Manfaat praktis Merubah perilaku pasien secara positif untuk datang ke POSYANDU dalam mencegah sakit pada anak BALITA. nursalam-MASALAH

6. WRITE CHAPTER 1 (INTRODUCTION) 1.1 BACKGROUND (MSKS / MKSS) 1.2 SEARCHING RESEARCH PROBLEM 1.3 RESEARCH QUESTIONS 1.4 AIM AND OBJECTIVE (BASED ON FRAMEWORK) 1.5 BENEFIT nursalam-MASALAH

BAB 1 S/D BAB 3 SUDAH TERJAWAB CHAPTER 1,2,3: ALREADY BAB 1 S/D BAB 3 SUDAH TERJAWAB CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1. Background (MSKS / MKSS) Paragraph 1: problems (F1 & F2) Paragraph 2: scale of the problems Paragraph 3: chronological Paragraph 4: Solution 2. Research questions 3. Aim and objectives 4. Benefit (theoretically & Practice) CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW CHAPTER 3: FRAMEWORK AND HYPOTHESIS CHAPTER 4: RESEACH METHODS nursalam-MASALAH

7. WRITE CHAPTER 4 (RESEARCH METHODS) D –DESIGN (non experiment & experiment) S – SAMPLE (POPULATION, SAMPLING, SAMPLE SIZE) V – VARIABLE (independent, dependent, ........) I – INSTRUMENT (Observation, questionnaire, scale, in vivo – vitro, in depth interview) A – ANALYSIS (T-S-S-V) nursalam-MASALAH

8. MEMULAI RISET (pengumpulan data dst) nursalam-MASALAH

9. MENULIS HASIL DAN MEMASUKAN KE JURNAL nursalam-MASALAH

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BAGAIMANA PENULISAN NASKAH dlm JURNAL YG BAIK ? Suhadi Ibnu (2013) nursalam-MASALAH

Jurnal  Publikasi (berkala) ilmiah yang memuat informasi tentang kegiatan dan hasil kegiatan bidang IPTEKS tertentu  Berfungsi mengkomunikasikan aktivitas dan hasil pengembangan IPTEKS  Sarana komunikasi ilmiah antara pihak-pihak yang terlibat di bidang IPTEKS yang sama/sejenis nursalam-MASALAH

Ciri-ciri Artikel dalam Jurnal Ilmiah  Mempunyai bentuk, struktur, dan isi dengan sifat tertentu  Penulisannya mengikuti kaidah, pola, dan teknik tertentu  Kaidah, pola, dan teknik penulisan (mungkin) dipengaruhi gaya selingkung yang ditetapkan Dewan Penyunting. nursalam-MASALAH

Sifat Artikel Ilmiah  Objektif  Rasional  Kritis  Pembaharu dan up-to-date nursalam-MASALAH

Muatan Jurnal  Artikel Utama (Menurut Peraturan Dirjen Dikti No.49/DIKTI/Kep/2011  Artikel Utama  Artikel Hasil Penelitian  Artikel Telaah  Review Buku Baru  Case Report  Obituari nursalam-MASALAH

ARTIKEL HASIL PENELITIAN Contoh: ARTIKEL HASIL PENELITIAN KUANTITATIF 1. Judul 2. Nama Penulis 3. Abstrak dan Kata kunci 4. Bagian Pendahuluan 5. Bahan dan Metode 6. Hasil dan Pembahasan 7. Simpulan dan Saran 8. Daftar Rujukan (5 thn terakhir) nursalam-MASALAH

KUALITATIF Judul Nama penulis Abstrak Pendahuluan Metode (fenomenologi, grounded theory, etnografi, study kasus, biografi) Hasil dan Pembahasan Simpulan dan Saran Daftar Pustaka nursalam-MASALAH

Format Artikel Penelitian (Cout: MGW) -----------JUDUL ----------- Penulis bstrak: ------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------- ata kunci: ------------------------------- -------Pendahuluan (tanpa sub judul) ----------------- --------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------- BAHAN & METODE ------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------- HASIL ------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------- BAHASAN ------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------- SIMPULAN DAN SARAN ------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------- DAFTAR RUJUKAN nursalam-MASALAH

1. JUDUL SINGKAT DAN JELAS TIDAK MELEBIHI 10 (Inggris) - 12 KATA (Indonesia) TERGAMBAR TUJUAN DAN VARIABEL PENELITIAN (DESAIN, SAMPEL, TEMPAT) Contoh: Model Asuhan keperawatan terhadap respons kognisi dan biologis pada penderita HIV AIDS (jurnal Ners, vol. 6 no. 2011 Prediktor beban merawat dan tingkat depresi pada caregiver dlm merawat Lansia dgn dimensia di masyarakat. (jurnal ners, vol. 8 no.1 2013 nursalam-MASALAH

2. Abstrak dan Kata Kunci: I-M-R-A-D  I: Masalah dan/atau tujuan penelitian  M: Metode/pendekatan  R-A:Hasil penelitian D: Discussion & Conclusion Dua versi: B. Indonesia dan Inggris nursalam-MASALAH

Contoh: ABSTRACT (by Nursalam, Kadek, Mishabatul, Effendy) – JNEP (2014) SLEEP HYGIENE BEHAVIOR AMONG BALINESE ADOLESCENT Introduction: Sleep hygiene is very important for predicting the quality and quantity of sleep in adolescent students. Studies in recent yearsshowed thenumber ofadolescentswhoget sleep disturbancesdue topoor sleepbehaviorincreased by 72,9%, however only a few study explored the sleep hygiene behaviour particularly from developing country setting. The purpose of this study was to know sleep hygiene in adolescent students in Bali. Method: Design used in this study was descriptive analytic with cross-sectional approach. The population was all students of class X and XI in PGRI Negara High School. Total sample was 46 respondents. Data were collected by using questionnaires modification Adolescent Sleep Hygiene Scale (ASHS) and it was analyzed by using multiple linear regression test with level of significance <0,05. Result: The result showed that sleep hygiene for adolescents Balinese in terms of most of the physiological aspect of sleep hygiene behaviors to have enough category(50,00%). Reviewed from the cognitive aspect showed on less category(71,74%). Most have sleephygiene behavior with good category(41,32%) on the emotional aspect. The sleep environment aspect showed on lessc ategory(45,65%). The daytime sleep aspect, most have sleep hygiene behavior with enough category(50,00%) and the sleep stability aspect on less category(43,48%). Discussion and conclusion: It can be concluded that most of Balinese adolescents has sleep hygiene with less to moderate category. Further studies should be done related intervention to improve sleep quality. Keywords : sleep hygiene, Balinese, adolescent nursalam-MASALAH

3. Bagian Pendahuluan (MKSS)  Berisi: Masalah penelitian Kronologis Skala masalah Solusi (usulan pemecahan) Tujuan nursalam-MASALAH

4. BAHAN DAN METODE PENELITIAN: D-S-V-I-A Desain Populasi, sampel, sampel size, sampling Variabel Instruments & bahan Analysis Etchical clearance??? – wajib utk Jurnal International  (Untuk penelitian kualitatif: Mengikuti kaidah penelitian kualitatif) nursalam-MASALAH

5. HASIL (WHAT) & PEMBAHASAN NO ITEM PENJELASAN Bagian Deskriptif (Isi) Kalimat Pengantar Gambaran Lokasi Penelitian Data Umum: Penyajian karakteristik pasien yg diteliti (tidak ditampilkan) Data Khusus: Penyajian variabel yg diteliti secara rinci(tabel, gambar dll) Setiap Tabel / gambar harus dijelaskan di bawahnya, meliputi: 1) Amati data yg ada 2) Hubungan pokok yg akan diuji 3) Mencari angka-angka yg menyimpang 4) Tulis hasil uji statistik nursalam-MASALAH

PEMBAHASAN PERLU PENJABARAN PERTANYAAN “WHY & HOW” Isi: F-T-O: Fakta (hasil penelitian); Teori; dan Opini (pendapat peneliti) Menganalisa makna penemuan penelitian (hasil dihubungkan dgn. pertanyaan penelitian: membandingkan dgn. temuan sebelumnya (apakah memperkuat; berlawanan; atau sama sekali baru) Setiap pertanyaan dijelaskan (didukung dgn. referensi yg memadai) Menghubungkan dgn ilmu – teori yg ada; fakta di lapangan Perlu dituliskan hasil temuan dan keterbatasan Penulisan secara wajar (tidak berlebihan) menuliskan makna hasil penelitian nursalam-MASALAH

6. SIMPULAN DAN SARAN S A R A N Isi kesimpulan: 1) Menjawab masalah atau tujuan (khusus) penelitian / membuktikan hipotesis 2) Didasarkan pada hasil dan pembahasan 3) Memberikan makna dari temuan 4) Menggunakan bahasa yang jelas dan singkat 5) Meminimalkan / meniadakan hasil-hasil angka statistik S A R A N Saran harus operasional dan dapat diterapkan Dituliskan berdasarkan kesimpulan yang masih belum sesuai dengan tujuan penelitian ataupun adanya kesenjangan dengan fakta dan standar Ditujukan untuk kepentingan masayarakat (konsumen) dan perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan (i.e. perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut) nursalam-MASALAH

KIAT-KIAT KEBERHASILAN SIMPULAN KIAT-KIAT KEBERHASILAN Tergantung pada kinerja pengelola berkala Keseriusan penulis artikel dlm mendukung pengelola berkala agar dapat terakreditasi dengan mengikuti aturan penulisan/gaya selingkung berkala ilmiah Harus ada kerjasama yang baik antara penulis dan penerbit/pengelola berkala Substansi artikel yang berkualitas Meminamilisasi penghambat penerbitan (biaya, tidak adanya artikel yang bermutu dan layak untuk diterbitkan) nursalam-MASALAH

Success depends on S= Visi (konsep) + Misi (aktivitas) + Motivation “You don’t have to be great to get started, but you have to get started to be great” --------- Les Brown ---------- For the plan to work, there must a carrot or a stick. Voluntary will not work. nursalam-MASALAH 88