IX. The Plant Protection Manage of Weed, Pest and Diseases Potato Information Kit Jerry Lovatt Environmental Sustainability: A vital component of Asia’s rice ecosystems. K.L. Heong. IRRI. International Rice Conference. Bali, Sept

Weed n Weeding Gulma : tumbuhan yang tidak dikehendaki tumbuh Gulma : saat periode kritis  kompetisi thd faktor pertumbuhan Weeding  penyiangan : usaha meniadakan gulma dari pertanaman Weeding : sebaiknya bukan hanya perlakuan sesaat tetapi usaha yang terpadu dengan aspek budidaya lainnya

Weeding Treatment  Cangkul  Tangkil (cangkul kecil)  Bajak singkal  Harrow  Herbisida FOR MORE INFO...

Weeding by other Rotasi dg tanaman yang berbeda Pengolahan lahan yang benar Tanam  as soon as Benih/Bibit yang baik/vigor Pacu pertumbuhan vegetatif Penggunaan mulsa Herbisida pra tumbuh

NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEPT OCT 1 st RICE 2 nd RICE 3 rd RICE RICE RICE/VEGETABLES/ SOYBEAN MAIZE/VEGETABLES PROPOSED CROPPING SYSTEM EXISTING CROPPING SYSTEMRICE VEGETABLES/ MAIZE/ OILSEEDS WHEAT

Manage of Pest and Diseases ORGANISME PENGGANGGU TANAMAN Binatang, serangga, jamur, bakteri PENGENDALIAN PREVENTIF : - Tanam saat kondisi lingkungan tidak menguntungkanOPT - Rotasi Tanaman - Penanaman lebih dari 2 tanaman (avoid monoculture) : > meningkatkan jumlah organisme > sbg tanaman repellent - Penggunaan mulsa plastik hitam perak

Hindari monokultur Terapkan Intercropping Rotasi Tanaman

Mekanis (habitat, sex feromon trap, yellow stiky trap) Manage of Pest and Diseases CANGAR FP-UB Research Station

Pengendalian hama secara biologis yakni pengendalian hama dengan menggunakan/memanfaatk an musuh alami/predator Pada tanaman kubis : predator Plutela adalah Bacillus thuringiensis, Diadegma sp Biologis

Natural control of leaf folders Numerous natural enemies 46% eggs eaten by predators 18% eggs parasitized Many larval parasites and generalists predators © KLH 2002

Generalist predators Generalists predators, like spiders, crickets, beetles live in perennial habitats surrounding rice fields. KLH

Parasitoids There are > 400 species of hymenopteran parasitoids in rice based ecosystems Most of them are highly host specific. Their unique roles may not be easily substituted. Example. Rice bug egg parasitoid, Gryon nixoni. KLH

Understanding the rice landscape… …Integrated Pest Management (IPM)

PESTISIDE AND SPRAYING Kimia = Pestisida - Insektisida - Fungisida - Nematisida Aplikasi pestisida harus dilakukan dengan seksama - Pestisida = racun - Gunakan sesuai kegunaan - Gunakan sesuai dosis - Pahami perilaku hama/penyakit - Resistensi - Lakukan dengan aman (pakaian, masker, arah angin, dll)

Equipment in Pest and Diseases Spraying Power Sprayer Knapsack Sprayer

Boom Sprayer

…a success story in Vietnam Reducing pesticide use…

In Vietnam, based on decades of ecological research in rice fields, we found spraying during the first 40 days after sowing was not necessary. So, farmers were motivated through an innovative communi- cation campaign.