Materi IX Data Resource Information System Sistem Informasi Materi IX Data Resource Information System

Data Resource Information System Management Definition: A managerial activity that applies information systems technologies to the task of managing an organization’s data resources to meet the information needs of their business stakeholders

Foundation Data Concepts Konsep Data Dasar Character – single alphabetic, numeric or other symbol Field – group of related characters Entity – person, place, object or event Attribute – characteristic of an entity

Foundation Data Concepts Konsep Data Dasar Record – collection of attributes that describe an entity File – group of related records Database – integrated collection of logically related data elements

Logical Data Elements Elemen Data Secara Logikal

Entities and Relationships

Types of Databases

Types of Databases Operational – store detailed data needed to support the business processes and operations of a company Distributed – databases that are replicated and distributed in whole or in part to network servers at a variety of sites

Types of Databases External – contain a wealth of information available from commercial online services and from many sources on the World Wide Web Hypermedia – consist of hyperlinked pages of multimedia

Hypermedia Database

Data Warehouse Definition: Large database that stores data that have been extracted from the various operational, external, and other databases of an organization

Data Warehouse System

Data Mart Definition: Databases that hold subsets of data from a data warehouse that focus on specific aspects of a company, such as a department or a business process

Data Warehouse & Data Marts

Data Mining Definition: Analyzing the data in a data warehouse to reveal hidden patterns and trends in historical business activity

Data Mining

Data Mining Uses Perform “market-basket analysis” to identify new product bundles. Find root causes to quality or manufacturing problems. Prevent customer attrition and acquire new customers. Cross-sell to existing customers. Profile customers with more accuracy.

DBMS Software

Fundamental Database Structures

Database Structures Hierarchical – relationships between records form a hierarchy or treelike structure Network – data can be accessed by one of several paths because any data element or record can be related to any number of other data elements

Database Development Enterprise-wide database development is usually controlled by database administrators (DBA) Data dictionary – catalog or directory containing metadata Metadata – data about data

Database Development Process

Knowledge Management

Hakikat Sistem Informasi Knowledge Management Manajemen Pengetahuan atau Knowledge Management (KM) merupakan suatu pendekatan yang terencana dan sistematis untuk menjamin penggunaan penuh dasar pengetahuan organisasi, ditambah keahlian, kompetensi, pemikiran, inovasi, dan ide individual potensial untuk menciptakan organisasi yang lebih efisien dan efektif

Pengetahuan / Knowledge Pengetahuan dipandang sebagai sebuah komoditi atau sebuah aset intelektual Karakteristik pengetahuan: Penggunaan pengetahuan tidak akan menghabiskannya Perpindahan pengetahuan tidak akan menghilangkannya Pengetahuan itu berlimpah, tetapi kemampuan terbatas untuk menggunakannya Banyak pengetahuan berharga hilang begitu saja

Dari Data Menjadi Pengetahuan Data  hal yang langsung dapat diamati dan diverifikasi Informasi  hal yang dapat mewakili data yang telah dianalisis Pengetahuan  hal yang didasarkan atas pengalaman, persepsi, dan pendapat individual

Jenis dan Bentuk Pengetahuan Tacit knowledge Pengetahuan yang sulit diartikulasikan, dituliskan dalam kata-kata, teks, maupun gambar Berada di dalam benak orang yang mengetahui Explicit knowledge Pengetahuan yang telah ditangkap dan dinyatakan dalam kata-kata, teks, maupun gambar Telah ada dalam bentuk konkrit/nyata  Semakin tacit sebuah pengetahuan, maka semakin berharga pengetahuan tersebut

Beberapa proses yang digunakan untuk merubah informasi ke knowledge Perbandingan (How) yang sudah diketahui – belum diketahui Konsekuensi (What) yang seharusnya dikerjakan Koneksi/Hubungan (How) dengan yang lain Diskusi/conversation (What) lain orang berpikir mengenai informasi tersebut.

What is Knowledge Management “Systems” ? Social/Structural mechanisms (e.g., mentoring and retreats, etc.) for promoting knowledge sharing. Leading-edge information technologies (e.g., Web-based conferencing) to support KM mechanisms. Knowledge management systems (KMS): the synergy between social/structural mechanisms and latest technologies.

Classification of Knowledge Management Systems Knowledge Discovery Systems Knowledge Capture Systems Knowledge Sharing Systems Knowledge Application Systems Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning technologies play an important part (or role) in the processes of knowledge discovery, knowledge capture, knowledge sharing and knowledge application, enabling the development of KM systems. Although we will not dwell into each of these systems in depth, the concepts and techniques discussed in this unit constitute some of the elements in building these KMS.

Knowledge Management System Development SUSTAINABLE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE Knowledge Management System Development CONTINUOUS INNOVATION NEW KNOWLEDGE Resident largely in intangible social structures, and this imperfecly imitable and non-substitutable Generates rents and value-added; valuable. Difficult to replicate; hence is rare. Emerges from a sustainable continuous process (organizational learning); hence meets the ex-ante and ex-post limits to competition ORGANIZATION LEARNING EXPLICIT KNOWLEDGE Know – what Know – why Know - how Regulatory assets (copyright, patents, trade remarks Knowledge Technology infrastructure (Group-ware, messaging, Visualization, web browsers, data mining, search & retrieval, push, intelligent agents, collaborative group work, document management) ORGANIZATIONAL KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Articulation internalization KNOWLEDGE WORK (using, finding, packaging & creating knowledge) Organizational infrastructure TACIT KNOWLEDGE Human Resources (employees and other stakeholder) Personal tacit Care - Why Cultural tacit organizational tacit Culture

Sistem Informasi dengan Suatu Knowledge Management

Content Creation Tools Dikaitkan dengan CMS CMS akan menjadi “komoditi” masa depan Perlu adanya standar implementasi dan pemahaman isu usability

Contoh Software untuk CMS

Blogs Kependekan dari web log Merupakan bentuk konten personal di Internet Semacam diari terbuka Secara periodik diupdate dan dapat diakses bebas Kini tidak hanya bersifat personal, tetapi lebih luas

Contoh Blog

Groupware & Collaboration Tools Groupware mewakili software yang membantu kelompok kerja/kolega terhubung ke jaringan komunikasi untuk mengelola aktifitas mereka Operasi yang didukung antara lain: Penjadwalan rapat dan alokasi sumberdaya Email Perlindungan password untuk dokumen Enewsletter Distribusi file

http://kantaya.inn.bppt.go.id

Wikis Software berbasis web yang mendukung konsep pengeditan terbuka, yang memungkinkan banyak user untuk membuat dan mengedit konten melalui website Contoh: Wikipedia

http://id.wikipedia.org

Knowledge Repository Gudang berbasis komputer yang bersifat online untuk menyimpan kepakaran, pengetahuan, pengalaman, dan dokumentasi tentang suatu domain kepakaran tertentu Disebut juga experience bases atau corporate memories Berisi koleksi pasif () maupun koleksi aktif ()

http://ilmukomputer.com/

Expert System Development Sistem Pakar dan Knowledge The Expert System Knowledge Base User Workstation Expert Advice Interface Programs Inference Engine Program Expert System Development Engineering Acquisition Expert and/or Knowledge Engineer 43

PROBLEM DOMAIN MODEL SISTEM PAKAR PEMAKAI DEVELOPMENT ENGINE EXPERT & KNOWLEDGE ENGINEER INFERENCE USER INTERFACE KNOWLEDGE BASE