MAPPING A NEW MILLENIUM AND MULTIMEDIA ORDER

Information Communication and Technology A new millenium adalah suatu era dimana informasi, komunikasi dan teknologi menjadi determinan variable dalam kehidupan. Teknologi dalam sepuluh terakhir percepatan perkembangannya tidak dapat diprediksi. Berawal dari asumsi ini maka kehadiran informasi, komunikasi dan teknologi berdampak sangat hebat dan sangat kompleks, baik politik, ekonomi, sosial dan budaya. Dampak teknologi itu dapat dilihat secara struktural, kultural dan interaksional

Technology as determinism ICT merupakan perpanjangan dari ilmu pengetahuan. Sebagai perpanjangan ilmu maka teknologi selalu bergerak dan berubah sesuai dengan peubahan ide di masyarakat. Teknologi menjadi elemen penentu segala aspek kehidupan yang mampu mengubah masyarakat. Teknologi (ICT) secara sosiologis hanya dapat diakses secara struktural. Teknologi memiliki dua mata sisi yaitu : Redundancy, bermanfaat untuk masyarakat Spin Off, menimbulkan kekacauan di masyarakat

Socio-economic determinism ICT dikuasai oleh kapitalis. Dengan modal maka ICT diproduksi massal dan dinikmati masyarakat. Kekuasaan kapitalis yang powerful membuat kapitalis yang mengontrol teknologi sehingga masyarakat tergantung pada teknologi. Kapitalisme telah menghancurkan struktur sosial masyarakat. Kapitalisme telah menyebabkan terjadinya alienasi (normlessness, lawlessness, meaninglessness)

Typology of Technology based Informations 1 INCREMENTAL INNOVATIONS Minor improvements or functional extentions to an existing tecnology Account for vast mojority of patents and economic research on “demand-led” innovations is heavily focused on this category of innovative activity Ussually “market-led” technical innovations which take place continously within the production process Relatively minor socio-economic impacts/implications largely confined to one industrial sector; some have big impacts on produktivity, product quality or reliabity.

LONG WAVE OF CAPITALIST DEVELOPMENT (1790s-1840s) New technology system and infrastruktur : water and steam power, early mechanisation of production, new iron production techniques, canals an roads “Leading-edge” growth sector : iron works and casting, cotton textiles, textile machinery, potteries, wholesale and retail trade in consumer good in expanding urban centres Organisational managerial innovations : growth of factory system and utilisation of detailed division of labour, small firms managed by individual awners and families Social institutional and political innovations : shift to liberallaissez-faire principles via dissolution of old guilds, monopolies, restrictions on trade and travel, suppression of early trade unions, secrets societies to promote interest of lower classes in urban and rural contexts Innovation in consumption and everyday life : rapid shift from rural to urban living, decline in working and living conditions and life opportunities of working classes, growth of commudity markets in expanding urban centres

LONG WAVE OF CAPITALIST DEVELOPMENT (1945s-Present) New technology system and infrastruktur : mass diffusion of motorised transportation, electronics, aerospace, artificial fibres “Leading-edge” growth sector : automobiles, electronics, aerospace, chemicals, informations, electronic media and cultural industries Organisational managerial innovations : extention of fordism to many sector, managerialism dan professional expertise, strong role of trade unions, extention of Sloanist marketing, advertising,obsolescense strategies Social institutional and political innovations : we’re all Keysnesians now with full employment, major welfare sate reforms, mixed economic with new social citizenship rights, new social movement, increasing social inequalities, high umeployement and slow growth, rising kegemony of noe liberalism Innovation in consumption and everyday life : mass extention of surburbanism, privatised individualised lifesytle and media oriented consumption practices

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