IP Addressing Laboratorium Teknik Informatika Universitas Gunadarma Stefanus Vlado Adi Kristanto Version 1.4.

Presentasi berjudul: "IP Addressing Laboratorium Teknik Informatika Universitas Gunadarma Stefanus Vlado Adi Kristanto Version 1.4."— Transcript presentasi:

1 IP Addressing Laboratorium Teknik Informatika Universitas Gunadarma Stefanus Vlado Adi Kristanto vlado@hackermail.com Version 1.4

2 IP Terminology  Bit: A bit is one digit; either a 1 or a 0  Byte: A byte is 7 or 8 bits, depending on wheter parity is used. For the rest of this training, always assume a byte is 8 bits  Octet: An octet, made up of 8 bits. Is just an ordinary 8 bit binary number.  Network Address: This is the designation in routing to send packets to a remote network. For example: 10.0.0.0, 172.16.0.0, 192.168.10.0  Broadcast Address: The address used by application and host to send information to all nodes on a network. For example: 172.16.255.255, which is all subnets and hosts on network 172.16.0.0

3 Network Address Help to identify route through the network cloud Network address divided into two parts: Network and host

4 Network Address Range  Class A 00000000 = 0 2 7 =128 network 01111111 = 127 2 24 = 16.777.216 host  Class B 10000000 = 128 2 14 = 16.384 network 10111111 = 191 2 16 = 65.536 host  Class C 11000000 = 192 2 21 = 2.097.152 network 11011111 = 223 2 8 = 256 host

5 Subnet Mask Subnet Mask: 255.0.0.0 or /8 Subnet Mask: 255.255.0.0 or /16 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0 or /24 1111111100000000 11111111 00000000 11111111 00000000 /n “slash” tells us how many “1” bits are in the subnet mask. 10.0.0.0 172.16.0.0 192.168.10.0 NetworkHost Network Host Network Host 1st octet2nd octet3rd octet4th octet

6 IP Addressing 192.168.1.0 172.0.0.0 192.4.0.0 10.2.0.0

7 Broadcast Address  Used to send data to all devices on the network  All ones on host portion of the address  All devices pay attention to a broadcast  Broadcast addresses cannot be used as an address for any device that is attached to the network

8 Subnet Mask – Your turn!! What is the broadcast address of each network: Network Address Subnet MaskBroadcast Address 172.0.0.0255.0.0.0 172.16.0.0255.255.0.0 192.168.1.0255.255.255.0 192.168.0.0255.255.0.0 192.168.0.0255.255.255.0 10.1.1.0/24 10.2.0.0/16 10.0.0.0/16

9 Subnet Mask – Your Turn!! What is the broadcast address of each network: Network Address Subnet MaskBroadcast Address 172.0.0.0255.0.0.0172.255.255.255 172.16.0.0255.255.0.0172.16.255.255 192.168.1.0255.255.255.0192.168.1.255 192.168.0.0255.255.0.0192.168.255.255 192.168.0.0255.255.255.0192.168.0.255 10.1.1.0/2410.1.1.255 10.2.0.0/1610.2.255.255 10.0.0.0/1610.0.255.255

10 Subnetting  Smaller Broadcast domain  Low level security provided  Increased address flexibility  Reduced network traffic  Optimized network performance  Invisibility to Public Internet  No Need To Request New IP Addresses

11 Subnetting Analogies  Street  House Number  Pak RT

12 Subnetting Analogies  Network Address - Street  Host Address - House Number  Broadcast Address - Pak RT

13 Subnetting Calculation – who’s scare?  Up till now, I've been talking about IP addresses and specifying the netmasks by spelling them out: network 192.168.1.0 with a netmask of 255.255.255.0  We can represent networks or subnets another way. The network 192.168.1.0 with that 255.255.255.0 netmask can be expressed as 192.168.1.0/24. The "24" is the number of bits set to "1" (remember, 8 bits in each section of a mask). 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 (255.255.255.0).  This concept is called CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing), has been recognized in 1992 by IETF.

14 Subnetting - Example  Subnetting seperti apa yang terjadi dengan sebuah NETWORK ADDRESS 192.168.1.0/26 ?  Analisa: 192.168.1.0 berarti kelas C dengan Subnet Mask /26 berarti 11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000 255.255.255.192).

15 Subnetting - Example  Jumlah Subnet = 2 x, dimana x adalah banyaknya binari 1 pada oktet terakhir subnet mask. Jadi Jumlah Subnet adalah 2 2 = 4 subnet  Jumlah Host per Subnet = 2 y - 2, dimana y adalah adalah kebalikan dari x yaitu banyaknya binari 0 pada oktet terakhir subnet. Jadi jumlah host per subnet adalah 2 6 - 2 = 62 host  Blok Subnet = 256 - 192 (nilai oktet terakhir subnet mask) = 64. Subnet berikutnya adalah 64 + 64 = 128, dan 128+64=192. Jadi subnet lengkapnya adalah 0, 64, 128, 192

16 Subnetting – Your Turn!!  172.16.0.0/25  10.0.0.0/16  172.16.0.0/18

17 Subnetting Chart

18 Subnet Scheme

19 Subdividing The Host Octets

20 Reserved, Loopback and Private IP

21 C:\ipconfig /all

22 Arigato Gozaimasu Laboratorium Teknik Informatika Universitas Gunadarma February, 18 2006 vlado@hackermail.com