SYSTEM ANALYSIS & DESIGN

Presentasi berjudul: "SYSTEM ANALYSIS & DESIGN"— Transcript presentasi:

1 SYSTEM ANALYSIS & DESIGN
Pendidikan Teknik Informatika dan Komputer WILDA NURUL UMAR SABRIANIL PAHAMNURI PALENGGAI UNIVERSITAS NEGERI MAKASSAR PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sns, Inc. All rights reserved.

2 Required Text Book System analysis and Design : Dennis & Haley Wixom
Analisis dan desain sistem Informasi Pendekatan terstruktur HM Jogiyanto Andi Offset PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

3 Apakah sistem itu? Kumpulan dari bagian-bagian yang bekerja bersama-sama untuk mencapai tujuan yang sama Contoh Sistem tatasurya Sistem pencernaan Sistem Transportasi umum Sistem Otomotif Sistem Komputer Sistem Informasi PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

4 Definisi lain: Sekumpulan dari objek-objek yang saling berelasi dan berinteraksi dan hubungan antar objek bisa dilihat sbg 1 kesatuan yang dirancang untuk mencapai 1 tujuan PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

5 Elemen-elemen System INPUT OUTPUT PROCESS FEEDBACK
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

6 Sistem tersusun atas beberapa sub sistem
System SubSys A Elemental Part C Subsys B Subsys A-1 SubsysB-1 Subsys A-2 SubsysB-2 Subsys A-3 Elemental part B1 PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

7 What is subsystem? Subsistem adalah sistem di dalam sistem.
Automobile adalah sistem yang terdiri dari beberapa subsistem: Engine system Body system wheel system Setiap sub sistem bisa terdiri dari beberapa sub-sub --systems. Engine system: carburetor system, generator system, fuel system, and so son PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

8 Sistem Yang Buruk Tidak memenuhi kebutuhan user Performance buruk
Reliabilitas rendah Kegunaan rendah Contoh-contoh kesulitan: Tidak terjadwal Tidak ada rencana anggaran Bisa jalan = 100% over budget atau jadwal PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

9 Alasan-alasan Kegagalan Sistem
Complexity Kebutuhan user yang berubah Estimasi yang buruk Manajemen yang buruk Hadirnya teknologi baru PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

10 Konsep Sistem: Decomposition
Proses pembagian sistem ke dalam komponen-komponen yang lebih kecil Memungkinkan sistem analis untuk: Memecah sistem menjadi bagian-bagian (sub sistem ) yang lebih kecil sehingga mudah di-manage Fokus pada 1 area pada 1 waktu Bisa membangun komponen-komponen secara paralel PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

11 Important System Concepts
Modularity Proses membagi sistem menjadi modul-modul yang relatif sama ukurannya Modul menyederhanakan desain sistem Coupling Subsystems yang saling bergantung 1 sama lain di-couple (dipasangkan) Cohesion Diperluas ke sub-sub sistem yang berdiri sendiri PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

12 Computer-based Information Systems (CBIS) vs Manual Systems
Sistem Informasi yang mengandalkan software dan hardware komputer untuk pemrosesan dan pengolahan informasi Manual systems Use paper + pencil technology PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

13 Komponen CBIS Computer-based Information System Hardware Software
People Procedures Information PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

14 Data and Information Data adalah fakta mentah yang berkaitan dengan organisasi dan proses bisnisnya Data : Adalah kumpulan dari item seperti kata, angka, gambar, suara yang belum diorganisir dan hanya memiliki sedikit arti secara individual Informasi: Data yang telah diolah atau diorganisir PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

15 Data flow and processing logic
Data in motion, moving from one place in a system to another Processing logic: The steps by which data are transformed or moved and a description of the events that trigger these steps PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

16 Processing logic example
Events: H-W = 0 Event-action: If H-W > 40 then Pay = 40 *Pay-rate + (H-W – 40 ) *(1.5 *Pay-rate) Else Pay = Pay-rate *H-W End if -- H-W …. Worked Hours PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

17 Databases Kumpulan dari data yang secara logis berhubungan yang didisain untuk memenuhi kebutuhan user dalam suatu organisasi Database – Files – Records -- Fields PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

18 Tingkatan Managemen Data
databases File 1 File 2 File N Record 1 Record 2 Record N Filed 1 Filed 2 Filed N Character BYTE PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

19 Traditional vs database approach
Traditional Approach Redundant Data Tax data Personal Payroll system Personal data Project Management System PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

20 Database Approach Tax data Payroll system Project Management System
Personal Payroll system Project Management System PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

21 Pendekatan Pengembangan Sistem
Ada 3 pendekatan dalam pengembangan Sistem Informasi Process-oriented approach Data-oriented approach Object-oriented approach PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

22 Pendekatan Pengembangan Sistem
Process-oriented approach Pengembanagan sistem yang menitikberatkan pada bagaimana dan kapan data bergerak dan berubah dalam SI Data-oriented approach Pengembanagan sistem yang lebih menitikberatkan pada pengorganisasian data secara ideal daripadabagaimana dan kapan data digunakan Object-oriented approach Pengembangan Sistem yang menitikberatkan pada objek daripada pada data dan proses (ex: UML) PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

23 Apakah Sistem Informasi?
Komponen yang saling berelasi bekerja bersama-sama untuk: Pengelompokan Pemrosesan penyimpanan Penyebaran Informasi Untuk mendukung pengambilan keputusan, koordinasi, kendali, analisis dalam suatu organisasi PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

24 What is an Information System?
Sistem yang menyediakan informasi yang dibutuhkan untuk menyelesaikan masalah-masalah organisasi WHAT IS A COMPUTER BASED INFORMATION SYSTEM? Sistem Yang Menggunakan Komputer Untuk menyediakan informasi yang dibutuhkan komputer PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

25 Type-type sistem Informasi
Transaction Processing Systems (TPS) Management Information Systems (MIS) Decision Support Systems (DSS) Expert System and Artificial Intelligence (ES &AI) PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

26 Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)
TPS adalah sistem informasi terkomputerisasi yang dikembangkan untuk penhgolahan data untuk transaksi rutin Contoh : Mesin Cash Register Menyediakan Data untuk SIM PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

27 Management Information Systems (MIS)
Sistem Informasi pada level management yang berfungsi untuk perencanaan, pengendalian dan pengambilan keputusan dengan menyediakan laporan secara rutin Mengumpulkan data dari TPS dan mengubahnya menjadi laporan yang dibutuhkan manager untuk mengambil keputusan PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

28 Decision Support systems (DSS)
Sistem Informasi Pada level manajemen yang mengkombinasikan data dan tool model analisis untuk menghasilkan “saran” atau “alternatif”yang bisa digunakan sebagai pedoman pengambilan keputusan sebuah DSS tersusun atas: Database ( bisa diambil dari TPS/MIS) Graphical/mathematical model User interface PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

29 Expert System and Artificial Intelligence (ES & AI)
Knowledge representation describes the way an expert would approach the problem. It attempts to codify and manipulate knowledge rather than information, (for example if .. Then rule) User communication with an ES via an interactive dialogue. The ES asks questions ( that an expert would ask) and the end user supplies the answers. The answers are then used to determine which rules apply and the ES provides a recommendation based on the rule. Knowledge Engineers perform knowledge acquisition; they are similar with system analyst but are trained to use different techniques. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

30 Information Systems Applications
Teaching Tips It may be useful to walk through this diagram in class. The textbook coverage included numbered annotations that highlight portions of this diagram. Remind students that any given information system may include many instances of each of these IS application processes and databases. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

31 System development for different IS types
IS characteristic: High volume, data capture focus System development methods: Process-oriented Concern with capturing, validating, and storing data with moving data between each required step PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

32 System development for different IS types
2- MIS IS characteristic: Draws on diverse yet predictable data resources to aggregate and sumamrize data System development methods: Data-oriented Concern with understanding relationship between data so data can be accessed and summarize in a variety ways PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

33 System development for different IS types
3- DSS IS characteristic: Provide guidance in identifying problem, finding and evaluating alternative solutions and selecting or comparing alternatives; potentially involves groups of decision making System development methods: Data- and decision logic orientation Design of user dialogue; group communication may be key an access to unpredictable data may be necessary PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

34 System development for different IS types
IS characteristic: Provide expert advice by asking users a sequence of questions dependent on prior answers that lead to a conclusion or recommendation System development methods: A specialized decision logic orientation in which knowledge is elicited from experts and described by rule or other form PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

35 End of chapter 1 PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

36 System Analysis and Design (SAD)
Analisis sistem didefinisikan sebagai bagaimana memahami dan menspesifikasi dengan detail apa yang harus dilakukan oleh sistem. sistem desain diartikan sebagai menjelaskan dengan detail bagaimana bagian-bagian dari sistem informasi diimplementasikan Analisis dan desain sistem informasi (ANSI) : Proses organisasional kompleks dimana sistem informasi berbasis komputer diimplementasikan PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

37 System Analysis and Design (SAD)
Analysis: defining the problem From requirements to specification Design: solving the problem From specification to implementation PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

38 Why is it important? kesuksesan suatu sistem informasi tergantung pada analisis dan perancangan yang baik metode ANSI merupakan metode yang cukup lama dipakai untuk membangun software-software konvensional ANSI menawarkan profesi baru dalam dunia IT permintaan akan keahlian sistem analis dari tahun ke tahun juga semakin meningkat. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

39 Views of Systems Analysis
Bagaimana membangun sistem informasi Bagaimana menganalisis kebutuhan dari sistem informasi Bagaimana merancang sebuah Sistem Informasi berbasis komputer Bagaimana memecahkan masalah dalam organisasi melalui sistem informasi PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

40 System development methodology
Beberapa ahli membagi proses-proses dalam pengembangan system ke dalam sejumlah urutan yang berbeda-beda. Tetapi semuanya akan mengacu pada Proses-proses standard yang berikut ini: Analisis Desain Implementasi Maintenance PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

41 Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
Pada perkembangannya, proses-proses standar tadi dituangkan dalam satu metode yang dikenal dengan nama Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) yang merupakan metodologi umum dalam pengembangan sistem yang menandai kemajuan dari usaha analisis dan desain SI PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

42 Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
Identifikasi dan seleksi proyek Inisiasi dan perencanaan proyek Analisis Desain Desain logikal Desain Fisikal Implementasi Maintenance 1.42 PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

43 1-Project identification and selection phase
Langkah pertama dalam SDLC keseluruhan informasi yang dibutuhkan oleh sistem diidentifikasi, dianalisis, diprioritaskan dan disusun ulang. Dalam langkah ini dilakukan beberapa hal diantaranya: Mengidentifikasi proyek-proyek yang potensial, potensi dari proyek yang dimaksud adalah: Melakukan klasifikasi dan me-rangking proyek Memilih proyek untuk dikembangkan. Jika klasifikasi dan ranking telah ditetapkan maka proyek yang harus dikerjakan harus ditentukan. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

44 Cont. 1- Project identifying and selection
This stage is critical to the success of the rest of the project. People: Users, analyst, system managers coordinating the project Activities: Interviewing user management, summarizing the knowledge obtained estimating the scope of the project and documenting the result Output: Feasibility report: problem definition and summarizing the objectives PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

45 2-Project initiation and planning phase
Proyek SI yang potensial dijelaskan dan argumentasi untuk melanjutkan proyek dikemukakan. Rencana kerja yang matang juga disusun untuk menjalankan tahapan-tahapan lainnya. Pada tahap ini ditentukan secara detail rencana kerja yang harus dikerjakan, durasi yang diperlukan masing-masing tahap, sumber daya manusia , software, hardware maupun finansial diestimasi. Biasanya hal-hal tadi dituangkan dalam jadwal pelaksanaan proyek. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

46 3-Analysis phase Tahapan analisis adalah tahapan dimana sistem yang sedang berjalan dipelajari dan sistem pengganti diusulkan. Dalam tahapan ini dideskripsikan sistem yang sedang berjalan, masalah dan kesempatan didefinisikan, dan rekomendasi umum untuk bagaimana memperbaiki, meningkatkan atau mengganti sistem yang sedang berjalan diusulkan. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

47 3-Analysis phase-contd
Tujuan utama dari fase analisis : untuk memahami dan mendokumentasikan kebutuhan bisnis (business need) dan persyaratan proses (System Requirement)dari sistem baru. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

48 Cont. 3- Analyzing systems needs
Ada 5 aktifitas utama dalam fase ini: Pengumpulan informasi Mendefinisikan sistem requirement Memprioritaskan requirement Menyusun dan mengevaluasi alternative Mereview requiremen dengan pihak manajemen. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

49 4-Design phase Tahapan Desain adalah tahapan merubah requirement yang masih berupa konsep menjadi spesifikasi system yang riil. Tahapan disain system dapat dibagi menjadi 2 tahap : Logical design Physical design PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

50 Logical Design Logical Design adalah bagian dari fase desain dalam SDLC dimana semua fitur-fitur fungsional dari sistem dipilih dari tahapan analisis dideskripsikan terpisah dari platform komputer yang nanti digunakan PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

51 4.1 Logical design output Functional,
Detailed specification of all system elements Input Output Process PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

52 4.2 Physical design output
Technical Detailed specification of all system elements programs, files, network, system software etc Acquisition plan of a new technology PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

53 Cont. 4- Designing the recommended system
Pada tahapan desain ada beberapa aktifitas utama yang dilakukan yaitu: Merancang dan mengintegrasikan network Merancang Arsitektur aplikasi Mendesain user interface Mendesain sistem interface Mendesain dan mengintegrasikan database Membuat prototype untuk detail dari desain Mendesain dan mengintegrasikan kendali sistem PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

54 5- Implementation The fifth phase of the SDLC in which the information system is Coded, Tested, Installed, and Supported in the organization. Outputs: Code, documentation, training procedures and support capabilities PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

55 6-Maintances The final phase of the SDLC in which the information system is systematically repaired and improved Output are: New versions of releases of software with associated updates to documentation, training, and support PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

56 Disadvantages of traditional SDLC
It is too expensive (cost + time) when dealing with change once it is developed It is structured approaches that requires to follow all its phases Maintains costs are too expensive PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

57 Chapter -2 The End PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

58 Pendekatan-Pendekatan Pengembangan Sistem
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

59 Traditional SDLC PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

60 Kelemahan : Terjadinya pembagian proyek menjadi tahap-tahap yang tidak fleksibel, karena komitmen harus dilakukan pada tahap awal proses. Hal ini mengakibatkan sulitnya untuk merespon perubahan kebutuhan pengguna (user). Model SDLC harus digunakan hanya ketika persyaratan dipahami dengan baik. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

61 Metode Pengembangan evolusioner
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

62 Metode Pengembangan evolusioner(2)
Pengembangan Eksplotari, Harusnya diawali dengan kebutuhan yang sudah dimengerti. Pendekatan ini biasa digunakan untuk mengembangkan system berdasar pesanan dari klien (custom product). Prototipe yang dapat dibuang (throw-away-prototype), metode ini berkonsentrasi pada eksperimen, dengan persyaratan pelanggan yang tidak dipahami dengan baik, cocok untuk pengembangan software jenis generic product. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

63 Pros Metode evolusioner lebih efektif dari pendekatan SDLC dalam menghasilkan sistem yang memenuhi kebutuhan langsung dari pelanggan. Karena untuk menghasilkan sistem informasi tidak harus menempuh keseluruhan tahap SDLC. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

64 Cons Kurangnya visibilitas proses,jika sistem dikembangkan dengan cepat, tidaklah efektif dari segi biaya jika dihasilkan dokumen yang merefleksikan setiap versi sistem. Kedua, sistem seringkali memiliki struktur yang buruk hal ini disebabkan perubahan yang terus-menerus pada program cenderung merusak struktur perangkat lunak. Ketiga metode ini membutuhkan kemampuan pengembangan software dengan SDM yang sudah berpengalaman. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

65 Model Pengembangan Berorientasi Pemakaian Ulang (Re-Usable)
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

66 4 Fase Utama Analisis Komponen, Spesifikasi persyaratan telah diketahui, komponen-komponen untuk implementasi spesifikasi tersebut akan dicari. Modifikasi Persyaratan. Persyaratan dianalisis menggunakan informasi tentang komponen yang didapat, kemudian dimodifikasi untuk merefleksikan komponen yang ada. Perancangan sistem dengan pemakaian ulang. Kerangka kerja sistem dirancang, atau kerangka kerja yang telah ada dipakai ulang. Pengembangan dan Integrasi. Perangkat Lunak yang tidak dapat dibeli akan dikembangkan dan komponen kemudian diintegrasikan untuk membantu sistem. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

67 Rapid Application Development
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

68 RAD Methodology Analis bekerja dengan tim untuk mengidentifikasi requirement awal untuk sistem Analis kemudian membangun prototype. Ketika sebuah prototype telah selesai. User bekerja dengan prototype itu dan menyampaikan pada analis apa yang mereka sukai dan yang tidak mereka sukai. Analis kemudian menggunakan feedback ini untuk memperbaiki prototype Versi baru diberikan kembali ke user Ulangi langkah-langkah tersebut sampai user merasa puas PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

69 Pros Prototype melibatkan user dalam analisis dan desain
Punya kemampuan menangkap requirement secara konkret daripada secara abstrak Untuk digunakan secara standalone PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

70 Cons RAD mungkin mengesampingkan prinsip-prinsip rekayasa perangkat lunak Menghasilkan inkonsistensi pada modul-modul sistem Tidak cocok dengan standar Kekurangan prinsip reusability komponen PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.