ROOTS (UNSUR KATA AKAR) PRODI MIK, FAKULTAS ILMU-ILMU KESEHATAN

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1 ROOTS (UNSUR KATA AKAR) PRODI MIK, FAKULTAS ILMU-ILMU KESEHATAN
PERTEMUAN 4 DR MAYANG ANGGRAINI PRODI MIK, FAKULTAS ILMU-ILMU KESEHATAN

2 KEMAMPUAN AKHIR YANG DIHARAPKAN
Memahami Root sistem organ tubuh, arti istilah medis, menganalisis istilah terkait berbagai sistem organ tubuh

3 UNSUR KATA ROOTS ROOT adalah unsur kata dasar dari struktur suatu istilah Setiap istilah harus memiliki minimum 1 (satu) unsur kata ROOT. Unsur kata ROOT dibubuhi huruf hidup  Combining form. Huruf hidup yang paling umum adalah -o-  /o- Contoh: Gastrointestinal  Gastr/o – intestin - al. Leiomyoma  Lei/o – my – oma Tracheobronchoscopy  Trache/o – bronch/o - scopy Cardiomyopathy  Cardi/o – my/o – pathy. Mammography  Mamm/o-graphy Pleuropneumonia  Pleur/o – pneumon – ia

4 Unsur kata ROOT (Lanjutan-1)
Glomerul/o – nephr – itis. Splen/o – megaly Oste/o – chondr/ – osis Arteri/o - graph Pneumon – ia Periton – itis Col - itis Colon/o - tomy Salphyng/o-oophor-ectomy Chole-doch/o-lith-iasis Mening/o-enchephal-itis Oste/o-chondr/o-malacia

5 ROOT bisa menunjukan sifat karakteristik:
ROOT bisa menunjukan sifat karakteristik: Warna, suhu dan bagian-bagian khusus tubuh. Contoh: Karakteristik ROOT Arti Contoh ISTILAH: Warna chrom krom  chromatin (di inti sel) chloro hijau  chlorhydria (>> HCL) cyan biru  cyanosis erythro merah  erythrasma (pd. kulit) xanthos kuning  xanthosis xanthelasma Suhu cryo dingin  cryosurgery thermo panas  thermolabile Kering xeros kering  xeroderma xeropthalmia

6 ROOT yang berkaitan dengan BAGIAN TUBUH
Contoh: ROOT BAGIAN TUBUH Contoh ISTILAH: Thorax dada thoracocentesis Psych pikiran psychosomatic Celi, abdomen perut c(o)eliectasia Dactyl jari-jari (tangan, kaki)  dactylogram Chir tangan  chiropractic Ped, pes kaki  pedialgia Or, Stomat mulut  oral; stomatitis Trachel leher  trachelitis (uterus) Cephal kepala  cephalocele Rachi tulang punggung  rachitis

7 ROOT yang berkaitan dengan BAGIAN TUBUH (Lanjutan)
ROOT BAGIAN TUBUH Contoh ISTILAH: Lapar perut (bawah)  laparotomy Visces organ dalam perut  visceral viscerotomy Myelum sumsum tulang  myelopathy myelitis Haima, haema darah  haematotherma (vertebrata, burung atau mammalia berdarah panas)

8 ROOT Combining-form yang berarti SUBSTANSI dan KARAKTERISTIK lain-lain.
Contoh: ROOTS ARTI Contoh ISTILAH Chole- empedu  cholelithiasis Dacry(o)- air mata  dacryocystitis Glyc/o- gula  glycolysis Hydr/o- air  hydronephrose Lip/o- lipid  hyperlipidemia Sial/o- ludah  sialoadenitis Lith/o- batu  uretrolithiasis Lei/o- otot polos  leiomyoma

9 ROOT Combining-form yang berarti SUBSTANSI dan KARATERISTIK lain-lain
ROOT Combining-form yang berarti SUBSTANSI dan KARATERISTIK lain-lain. (Lanjutan) ROOTS ARTI Contoh ISTILAH Scler/o- keras  scleroderma scelorosis Xer/o- kering  xeropthalmia xeroderma Rhabd/o- otot s. lintang  rhabdomyo-sarcoma rhabdomyoma Salping/o- mirip tuba  salpingography salphingitis

10 ROOT/Combining Form INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM (SISTEM KULIT)
Contoh: ROOT ARTI Contoh ISTILAH: Bucc/o- pipi  buccolabial Cheil/o- bibir  cheilosis Labi bibir  palatolabioschisis Derm-, dermat/o kulit  dermatomycoses Fibr/o- serat fiber  fibroma Hist/o- jaringan  histology

11 (lanjutan-1) Contoh: ROOT ARTI Contoh ISTILAH: Kerat/o- jaringan tanduk  keratomalacia Mast/o-, mamm/o- (payu dara)  mammography Onych- kuku  onychia Pil/o- rambut  pilosis Sarc- daging  sarcolemma pemungkus serabut otot.

12 ROOTS/Combining Form Musculoskeletal System SISTEM OTOT-KERANGKA TULANG
Contoh: ROOT ARTI Contoh ISTILAH: Arthr/o sendi  arthrophaty Chondr/o tulang rawan  chondroitis Cleid/o clavicula  cleidomastoideus Cost/o iga  intercostal Gnath/o dagu  gnatoschisis lli- tulang ilium panggul  iliofemoral ,ligament My- otot  myorrhexis Oste/o tulang  osteoarhtrosis Phren- diafragma  phrenitis mind  phrenesia = encephalitis

13 ROOT ARTI Contoh ISTILAH:
Sacr/o- sakrum  sacrococcygeal Spondyl/o- vertebra  spondylotomy, spondylitis Ten-, ten/o-  tenosynovitis Tend/o-, tendon tenont/o (urat)  tendinoplasty

14 ROOT/Combining Form Respiratory & Circulatory Systems SISTEM PERNAPASAN dan SIRKULASI
Contoh: ROOT ARTI Contoh ISTILAH: Bronch/o bronkus  bronchopneumonia Laryng/o- laring  laryngospasm Pleur pleura  pleural effusion Pneum pneumonia Pulm/o  pulmonitis Pneumat/o- udara, gas, paru  pneumothorax Rhini- Nas/o- hidung  rhinorrhea Trache- trakea  tracheitis Angi/o-; vas- pembuluh darah  angioma Vas pembuluh, saluran  vasectomy

15 ROOT/Combining Form Respiratory & Circulatory Systems (Lanjutan-2)
Contoh: ROOT ARTI Contoh ISTILAH: Arteri/o- arteri  arteriectasia Phleb-, ven vena  phlebotomy Cardi-, cardi/o- jantung  cardiologist Thromb/o- thrombus trombus  thrombogenic Embolic embolus  embolectomy Aveoli alveolus  alveolitis Bronchioli bronchiolus  bronchiolitis

16 ROOTS /Combining Form Hemic, Lymphatic
ROOTS /Combining Form Hemic, Lymphatic. Endocrine & Nervus Systems SISTEM DARAH, LIMFATIK, ENDOKRIN & SARAF Contoh: ROOT ARTI Contoh ISTILAH: Aden- kelenjar  fibroadenoma Hem-, hema-,hemo-  hemolysis hemat-a(o) darah  hematemesis Lien-, Splen- limpa  lienitis,  splenomegaly Lymph- limfe  lymphoma Plasm- plasma  plasmacytosis neuropathy Adren/o- kelenjar adrenal  adrenal gland Thyr/o- kelenjar gondok  thyrotoxicosis

17 ROOTS /Combining Form Hemic, Lymphatic, Endocrine & Nervus Systems (Lanjutan) SISTEM DARAH, LIMFATIK, ENDOKRIN & SARAF Contoh: ROOT ARTI Contoh ISTILAH: Encephal/o- otak  encephalopathy Mening- otak & spinal cord  meningitis Myel- sumsum tulang  myeloma Neur- nerves, saraf.  neuralgia, Gingiv- gusi  gingivectomy Hepat- hati  hepatoma Pyl/o- pyle (gate)  pylepblebitis pylorus (GI tract.) Ile- ileum  ileocecal  ileus

18 ROOTS/Combining Form Digestive System SISTEM DIGESTIF (Pencernaan).
Contoh: ROOT ARTI Contoh ISTILAH: Dent-, Denta-, gigi  dentist Denti, Dent/o-, Odont-,Odont/o-  orthodontia denture Enter usus;  enterocolitis Gastr/o- lambung  gastroduodenitis Lingu/o-, Gloss- lidah  glossitis Or-, Os-, Stoma mulut  oral, stomatitis Pharyng- faring  rhinopharyngitis Proct- rectum  proctoplasty Pylor/o pilorus  pilorospasm Sial- ludah  sialolithiasis Duoden/o- usus 12 jari  duodenitis Colon usus besar  colitis

19 ROOTS/Combining Form Urogenital System SISTEM KEMIH KELAMIN
Contoh: ROOT ARTI Contoh ISTILAH Balan/o glans penis  balanorrhagia Colp/o vagina  colpopexy Cyst-,Cysti- Cyst/o kandung kemih  cystitis, cystadenoma Episi/o- vulva  vulvitis Hyster/o-, Metr/o- uterus  hysterectomy, metritis Nephr/o-, Ren ginjal  nephrolithiasis

20 ROOTS/Combining Form Eye (MATA )
Contoh: ROOT ARTI Contoh ISTILAH: Blepharo- kelopak mata  blepharoptosis Core pupil mata  corectasia Conjunctiv konjungtiva  conjunctivitis Irid iris mata  iridocyclitis Kerato kornea mata  keratomalacia Retin retina mata  retinitis Phaco lensa  phacoemulsification Oculo-; Ophthalmo mata  oculist, ophthalmologist

21 ROOTS/Combining Form Ear (TELINGA)
Contoh: ROOT ARTI Contoh ISTILAH: Ot- telinga  otalgia, otorrhea otitis, macrotia Auricul/o- telinga bagian  auricle eksternal auricula auris; aurist  audiometry Tympan/o gendang telinga  Tympanoplasty  Tympanitis Paracentesis para-  Istilah umum - centesis sebutan penusukan untuk mengeluarkan cairan (edem) dari suatu rongga

22 PRAKTEK 1 ANALISIS ISTILAH TINDAKAN Aden – ectomy = Thorac/o-tomy =
Electr/o – encephal/o – gram = Nephr/o-tomy = Gastr/o – scopy, = Bronch/o-scopy = Rhin/o – tomy = Rhin/o-plasty = Ophthalm/o – scope = Mast-ectomy = Ureter – ectomy = Crani – o – tomy =

23 ANALISIS ISTILAH TINDAKAN (lanjutan-1)
Electro – encephal/o – graph = ECG/EKG = Nephro – pexy = EMG = Ultra – son/o – graphy/USG = Chole – cyst – ectomy = MRI = Hepat/o–chol–angi/o–duoden-o-stomy = Radiography = Append-ectomy = Gingiv-ectomy = Lymph-angi-o-gram =

24 ANALISIS ISTILAH TINDAKAN (lanjutan-2)
Cheil – o – stomato – plasty = Chole–cyst–o-jejun-o-stomy = Chole-cyst-o-lith-iasis = Duoden-o-chole-doch-o-tomy = Enter-o-anastomosis = Enter-o-clysis = Duoden-o-rrhaphy = Gloss-o-rrhaphy = Herni-o-rrhaphy = Sial-o-doch-o-plasty = Pylor-o-my-o-tomy =

25 ANALISIS ISTILAH TINDAKAN (Lanjutan-3)
Cyst-o-urethr–o-gram = Nephro-lith-o-tomy = Nephro-tomo-graphy = Echo-cardi-o-graphy = Ven-o-tomy = Ton/o-metry = Electro – encephal/o – graphy = Proct/o-plasty = Endo-scopy = Laparo-tomy = Laparo-scopy = Colo-stomy =

26 PRAKTEK 2 Analisis istilah diagnoses, dibawah ini:
Bronch-o-pneumon-ia = Bronch-itis = Bronchi-ectasis = My-o-cardi-o-pathy = Mening-o-encephal-itis = Arther-o-scelr-osis = Gastr-o-enter-itis = Chondro-sarc-oma = Chole-cyst-ectasia = Cholangi-o-hepat-oma = Oesophag-it is = Myel-o-mening-o-cele =

27 ANALISIS ISTILAH DIAGNOSES (Lanjutan-1)
Pharyng-itis = Pharyng-o-tonsill-itis = Pharyng-o-pleg-ia = Rhino-pharyng-itis = Rhino-rrhea = Photo-dermat-itis = Phleb-o-thromb-osis = Pneumo-hem-o-peri-cardium = Pneumo-hydr-o-thorax = Spongi-o-neur-o-blast-oma = Pneumo-coni-osis = Spondyl-o-pathy =

28 ANALISIS ISTILAH DIAGNOSES (Lanjutan-2)
Mening-itis = Glomerul-o-nephr-itis = Mening-i-oma = Osteo-chondr-osis = Laryng-o-spasm = Bronchiol- itis = Rhin-itis = Tonsillo-pharyng-itis = Adenoid = Sialo-lith-iasis =

29 PRAKTEK 3 Ejaan kata/istilah yang mirip, dibawah ini: (a) il’e.um =
(b) il’i-um = (a) hep”a.to’ma = (b) he”ma.to’oma = 3. (a) u’re.thri’tis = (b) u.re”ter.i’tis = 4. (a) mucus = (b) mycose = 5. (a) perenteral = (b) parenteral = (a) arthropathy = (b) arteriopathy =

30 EJAAN KATA/ISTILAH yANG MIRIP (Lanjutan-1)
6. (a) my.o’ma = (b) my”e.lo’ma = 8. (a) eryhtema = (b) erythrasma = 9. (a) ma.la’ci.a = (b) ma.laise = 10. (a) nucleus = (b) nucleolus = 11. (a) em”py.e’ma = (b) em”phy.se’ma = 12. (a) aphakia = (b) aphagia =

31 Contoh Penulisan Istilah Dalam Bahasa Indonesia
Torax foto (Thorax X-ray photo) Ketuban pecah dini (KPD) (Premature membrane rupture) Disproporsi kepala panggul (CPD) Cephalopelvic disproportion KET (kehamilan ekstra tubal) (Extra-uterine graviditas) Plasenta lepas dini (Abruption, ablation placentae) Plasenta letak rendah (plancenta previa) Demam tifoid (typhoid fever) Demam tifus (typhus fever)

32 Contoh Penulisan Istilah Dalam Bahasa Indonesia (Lanjutan)
DBD (demam berdarahan dengue) dengue haemorrhagic fever. TB (tuberculosis) MCI (myocard infarction) (infark miokard) Terpajan (exsposure) Keracunan (poisoning, intoxication) Wasir (hemorrhoid, bisa internal bisa eksternal) Muntah-ber (gastroenteritis, bisa infeksi bisa noninfeksi) Flu burung (avian flu) Tahi lalat, tanda lahir (nevus  nevi) Flu (influenza) Demam selesma (common cold)

33 Contoh Istilah Tindakan Medis-Operasi
Tonsillectomy = Cardiectomy = Appendectomy = Catherization = Colonostomy = bypass(CPB) = Cardiopulonary = Gastrectomy = Hydrotherapy = Gastroduodenectomy = Haemodialysis (HD) = Colonoplasty = Hypodermic =

34 Contoh Istilah Tindakan Medis-Operasi (Lanjutan)
Debridement = Nasogastric tube (NGT) = Endoscope = Bronchoscope = Endoscopy = Colonoscopy = Electrocardiogram (ECG) = Electroencephalography (EEG) = Ultrasonography (USG) = Computerised Axial Tomography (CAT) = Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) =

35 PRAKTEK 4 TULIS SEBUTAN ISTILAH MEDIS TINDAKAN DI BAWAH INI:
1. Operasi pengangkatan lambung = 2. Operasi pengangkatan ginjal = 3. Operasi pengangkatan hati = 4. Operasi pengangkatan jantung = 5. Rekam gambar listerik otot jantung = 6. Rekam gambar listrik sel otak = 7, Instrument pembuat rekam gambar litsrik otot gerak = Teknik pembuatan rekam gambar dengan sinar Ro =

36 PRAKTEK 4 (Lanjutan) Penusukan dinding dada untuk megeluarkan cairan = Penusukan genderang telinga = Pembuatan lobang keluar baru usus besar = Operasi plastik hidung = Teknik pembuatan rekam gambar dengan gelombang suara = Tindakan menusuk genderang telinga = Tindakan menusuk rongga dada untuk mengeluarkan cairan = Tindakan menusuk persendian untuk mengeluarkan cairan =

37 Contoh Istilah Simtoma/Gejala sakit
Fever, febril = Cough = Epistaxis = Cephalgia = Tremor = Meningismus = Dysuria = Haematuria = Retrograde amnesia = Cyanosis = Hyperaesthesia = Lymphadenopathy =

38 Contoh Istilah Simtoma/Gejala sakit (Lanjutan)
Dysphagia = Hyperhidrosis = Ascites = Acute abdomen = Haemoptysis = Hiccough = Tachycardia = Bradycardia = Somnolence = Stupor = Coma =

39 Contoh Istilah Simtoma/Gejala sakit
Malaise = Cephalgia. Cephalalgia = Hematuri = Syncopia = Diarrhoea/Diarrhea = Epigastric pain = Ptechea = Tenesmus = Polyuria = Nervousness = Hallucination = Aphonia = FUO =

40 Beberapa Istilah Penyakit Infeksi
Inflammation = Chill = Sepsis = Septicaemia = Infection = Infestation = Hyperthermia = Pyrexia, hyperpyrexia = Bacterial = Bacteremia = Viral = Virulent = Toxoplasmosis = Leptospirosis =

41 Beberapa Istilah Penyakit Infeksi (Lanjutan)
Toxemia = Toxic shock syndrome = Dermatophytosis = Histoplasmosis = Helminthiases = Pediculosis = Herpes zoster = Varicella = Morbili/measle = Mump/Parotitis = TB = [Morbus Hansen] Leprosy = Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome [AIDS] =

42 PRAKTEK 5 TULIS SEBUTAN PENYAKIT/GANGGUAN DI BAWAH INI: Istilah radang adalah -itis 1. Radang otak = 2. Radang selaput otak = 3. Radang selaput dan jaringan otak = 4. Radang retina mata = 5. Radang kelopak mata = 6. Radang konjungtiva mata = 7. Radang sinus hidung = 8. Radang hidung dan tenggorokan = 9. Radang kerongkongan = 10. Radang lambung dan usus 12 jari = 11. Radang hati =