PROSES PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH

Presentasi berjudul: "PROSES PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH"— Transcript presentasi:

1 PROSES PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH

2 Apakah Target Pengolahan air limbah ??
Pengurangan bahan tersuspensi dan terapung Pengurangan bahan organik (BOD,COD) Pengurangan kandungan bahan anorganik dan logam berat Pengurangan kandungan nutrient (N dan P) Penghilangan mikroorganisme patogen. Pengurangan minyak dan lemak.

3 TARGET PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH
PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH UNTUK MENGHILANGKAN BAHAN PENCEMAR BERSENYAWA ORGANIK MAUPUN AN-ORGANIK

4 Macam Proses Pengolahan Secara fisik: Pengolahan secara kimiawi
pengolahan dengan menggunakan gaya atau kerja secara fisik yang meliputi : pengendapan, penyaringan, pengadukan, flokulasi, pengapungan, filtrasi. Pengolahan secara kimiawi pengolahan dengan penambahan bahan kimia atau melalui reaksi-reaksi kimiawi antara lain : Presipitasi (koagulasi-flokulasi), adsorpsi, pertukaran ion dan disinfeksi.

5 3. Pengolahan secara biologis:
Metoda pengolahan biologis secara aerobik bertujuan untuk mengkonversikan senyawa organik yang terlarut, tersuspensi dan koloid dalam air limbah menjadi sel – sel mikroorganisme baru yang berkoloni membentuk biofloc sehingga dapat dipisahkan melalui proses pengendapan

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7 Tahapan Pengolahan Pengolahan tahap pertama (Primary Treatment): umumnya pengolahan secara fisik. Pengolahan tahap kedua (Secondary Treatment): berupa pengolahan fisik – kimia dan atau biologis Pengolahan tahap ketiga (Tertiary Treatment, advanced treatment): umumnya untuk mereduksi kandungan nutrien, pestisida atau logam-logam yang masih terkandung di dalamnya.

8 URAIAN PROSES PROSES KETERANGAN FISIK/MEKANIK
Proses untuk menghilangkan benda kasar/sampah dan partikel kasar  screening, grit chamber, bak pengendap, filtrasi FISIK-KIMIA Proses untuk menghilangkan partikel tersuspensi menggunakan bahan kimia dan pengadukan  koagulasi-flokulasi-sedimentasi, presipitasi BIOLOGIS Proses untuk menghilangkan pencemar organik yang biodegradable menggunakan mikroorganisme  activated sludge (conventional & extended), biofilter (trickling filter), RBC, lagoon, stabilization pond. Proses biologis dapat bersifat aerobic maupun anaerobic PENGOLAHAN LANJUT Proses untuk menghilangkan bahan pencemar yang lebih sulit dihilangkan dengan cara biasa. Pengolahan lanjut dapat menggunakan proses fisik-kimia maupun biologis  nitrifikasi-denitrifikasi, adsorpsi, stripping, presipitasi, mikrifiltrasi, ion exchange, koagulasi-flokulasi 12/04/2018

9 TEKNOLOGI PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH
Bahan pencemar Sistem pengolahan 1 Padatan tersuspensi Penyaringan kasar Pengendapan Filtrasi Koagulasi/Sedimentasi Natural system (land treatment) 2 Organik Activated sludge Biofilter Aerated lagoon Natural system 3 Pathogen Chlorinasi Ozonasi Radiasi UV 4 Nutrient – Nitrogen Nitrifikasi-denitrifikasi Ammonia stripping Pertukaran ion 5 Nutrient - Fosfor Presipitasi Pengolahan biologis Pengolahan biologis-kimiawi 12/04/2018

10 PEMILIHAN TEKNOLOGI PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH
Faktor yang berpengaruh: karakteristik air limbah kualitas efluen yang diharapkan Kompleksitas pengolahan Biaya investasi dan O-M 12/04/2018

11 METODE PENGOLAHAN “BIODEGRADABLE ORGANIC DISSOLVED POLLUTANT”
PROSES FISIK – KIMIA PROSES BIOKONVERSI AEROBIK DAN AN-AEROBIK: POLA PERTUMBUHAN TERSUSPENSI : SISTIM LUMPUR AKTIF : TANKI AERASI; OXYDATION DITCH. KOLAM AERASI DAN KOLAM STABILISASI POLA PERTUMBUHAN TERLEKAT : BIOFILTER ROTATING BIOLOGICAL CONTACTOR (RBC)

12 PENGOLAHAN SEDERHANA SASARAN: untuk limbah industri berpotensi pencemaran rendah BENTUK: tangki pengendapan 12/04/2018

13 PENGOLAHAN MENENGAH SASARAN: untuk limbah industri berpotensi pencemaran sedang BENTUK: tangki pengendapan + pengolahan biologis sederhana / fisik-kimia 12/04/2018

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15 PENGOLAHAN KOMPLEKS SASARAN: untuk limbah industri berpotensi pencemaran tinggi BENTUK: pengolahan fisik + fisik-kimia + biologis + pengolahan lanjutan + pengolahan lumpur 12/04/2018

16 PENGOLAHAN KOMPLEKS anaerobik bioreaktor settling tank 1
Aerobik Bioreator settling tank 2 holding tank Pengolahan lanjut Treated Water 12/04/2018

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18 Diagram Alir

19 PROSES FISIK

20 Screens The removal of large objects that may damage pumps or block channels Fixed or mechanical Velocity in channels about m/s Design for PWWF All screenings to be removed/buried Location of strong odour from decomposition

21 Mechanical bar screen

22 Rotating drum screen

23 Comminutors These are mechanical cutting screens that reduce the size of large objects Shredded matter are returned to the flow stream A by-pass may be included

24 Comminutor

25 Grit Chambers Purpose is to remove inorganic grit/sand mm size through differential settling Aim is to prevent damage to pumps, blockage of channels and cementing of sludge in settling tanks Two types of grit chambers, namely constantly velocity and aerated/spiral flow tanks

26 Constant Velocity Grit Chamber
Class I settling - horizontal flow Uniform velocity at m/s Ideal parabolic shape or approximation Width:depth ratio 1:1 Length  18 x max. depth

27 Constant Velocity Grit Chamber

28 Aerated or Spiral Flow Grit Chamber
Flexibility of control; more efficient grit removal and can assist pre-aeration Air supply or spiral flow controls the amount of silt removed Suitable for larger population > ep HRT of about 3 min at PWWF

29 Aerated or Spiral Flow Grit Chamber

30 Vortex Flow Grit Chamber

31 Primary Sedimentation
Solids separation by gravity Aim is to remove gross suspended solids (organic matter) Largely class II settling of flocculent matter and natural coalescence or flocculation occurs Surface skimmers remove floating matter (scum, grease etc) The settled solids are pumped to an anaerobic digestion tank. The effluent (settled sewage) from primary treatment flows to the next stage ie. secondary treatment

32 Some Features of Primary Settling
Design to accept 2 to 3 x ADWF Removal of % suspended solids Some incidental BOD5 reduction % Hydraulic loading Q/A  30 m3/m2.d Hydraulic retention time (HRT) 1.5 to 3 h; depth 2.5 to 5 m Also act as flow/strength equalisation basins Sludge scrapers should not cause re-suspension

33 Primary settling % removed vs time

34 Types of Primary Settling tanks
Rectangular horizontal-flow Tanks use less space Forward velocity mm/s Weir loading rate < 300 m3/m.d Length:width ratio 3:1

35 Rectangular horizontal-flow

36 Types of Primary Settling tanks
Up-flow tank Square with 60o sludge hopper No moving parts as sludge is removed hydrostatically Some possible particle carry over

37 Up-flow settling tank

38 Types of Primary Settling tanks
Circular radial flow tank Inflow to a central stilling box Radial-horizontal flow Uses radial scrapers to remove sludge

39 Circular Radial Flow Tank

40 Circular Radial Flow Tank

41 PROSES BIOLOGIS

42 12/04/2018

43 SUSPENDED MICROORGANISM ATTACHED MICROORGANISM
B I C P S SUSPENDED MICROORGANISM GROWTH ACTIVATED SLUDGE (CSTR) EXTENDED AERATION 3. SEQUENCING BATCH REACTOR 4. OXYDATION DITCH 5. AERATED LAGOON ATTACHED MICROORGANISM GROWTH TRICKLING FILTER ROTATING BIOLOGICAL CONTACTOR 12/04/2018

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45 MODEL PROSES LUMPUR AKTIF

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48 SETTLING TANK AERATION TANK

49 Oxydation Ditch

50 Kolam Stabilisasi 12/04/2018

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52 Kolam Fakultatif 12/04/2018

53 “TRICKLING FILTER” “Proses pengolahan biologis dengan prinsip pemanfaatan mikroba dengan pertumbuhan terlekat pada suatu media”. Unsur Pencemar yang dihilangkan : BOD, Nitrogen – amonia,dan zat padat tersuspensi. Komponen penting : Biofilm Media Distributor air limbah Ventilator udara Desludging Tangki pemisah lumpur

54 Trickling Filter 12/04/2018

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57 Jenis – Jenis Media: Batu Kali Keramik Plastik Kayu Ukuran:
Diameter rata-rata: 2 – 10 cm

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61 Rotating Biological Contactor (RBC)
12/04/2018

62 PENGOLAHAN SECARA ALAMIAH

63 PROSES BIODEGRADASI SECARA ALAMIAH

64 PENYARINGAN PENGENDAPAN BIODEGRADASI

65 WET LAND

66 SEPTIC TANK

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