RUANG LINGKUP HAK ASASI MANUSIA

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1 RUANG LINGKUP HAK ASASI MANUSIA
Heru Susetyo, SH. LL.M. M.Si.

2 Human rights Istilah ‘human rights’ pertama muncul pada Deklarasi United Nations 1 January 1942 yang diikuti oleh perwakilan dari 26 negara yang berhimpun karena permusuhan dengan kelompok ‘axis’.

3 UN DECLARATION 1 JANUARY 1942
….to preserve human rights and justice in our (own ) lands as well as in other lands….

4 UN CHARTER Conference, san fransisco june 1945
UN Charter menyebutkan sbb : ….to achieve international cooperation…in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms of all without distinction as to race, sex, language or religion

5 UN Charter made the rights and freedoms of every human being, and every people, matters not only of local and national interest but also of international concern… Namun UN Charter tidak menjelaskan apa hak-hak dan kebebasan yang menjadi hak semua orang,. Penjelasan lebih lanjut ditemukan dalam Deklarasi HAM Universal (Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948)

6 UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS
Menetapkan ‘common understanding’ untuk negara-negara anggota PBB mengenai ‘human rights’ and ‘fundamental freedoms’. Deklarasi ini ‘far-reaching’ dan berhasil dalam mengkarakterisasi ‘genuine human rights’ lebih dari sekedar aspirasi sosial dan budaya.

7 INTERNATIONAL BILL OF HUMAN RIGHTS
Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948 International Covenant on Economic Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) Optional Protocol to ICCPR International bill of human rights adalah basis utama konstruksi HAM internasional

8 International bill of human rights berbeda dengan bill of rights

9 HAK-HAK YANG BELUM BANYAK DIBINCANGKAN DI MASA SILAM
WOMEN CHILDREN INDIGENOUS PEOPLES ETHNIC MINORITIES THE HANDICAPPED COLONIZED PEOPLE COMBATANTS FIGHTING AGAINST ABUSIVE REGIMES

10 Generasi ham (OPINI SCHOLARS)
HAK-HAK SIPIL DAN POLITIK HAK-HAK EKONOMI, SOSIAL DAN BUDAYA HAK-HAK KOLEKTIF/ HAK2 KHUSUS/ HAK ATAS PEMBANGUNAN

11 VIENNA DECLARATION 1993 (World conference of human rights)
Human rights are…. universal indivisible interdependent interrelated

12 Komitmen negara terhadap ham
To fulfil To promote To respect To protect

13 ISSUE2 HAM PADA VIENNA DECLARATION 1993
Rights of Self Determination Terrorism Poverty and social exclusion Right to development Seeking asylum and humanitarian aid Against racism, xenophobia and intolerance Minority groups Indigenous people Migrant workers Women’s rights and domestic violence Children rights Freedom from torture Enforced disappearance Rights of disabled persons State responsibility Human rights education