Upload presentasi
Presentasi sedang didownload. Silahkan tunggu
Diterbitkan olehGlenna Susman Telah diubah "6 tahun yang lalu
1
PUBLIC GOODS & PUBLICLY PROVIDED PRIVATE GOODS
2
PUBLIC GOODS Ciri: Non-rivalry in consumption Non-excludability If 2 ciri tsb. terpenuhi Pure Public Goods PUBLIC GOODS & MARKET FAILURE Inefficiency: Underconsumption Undersupply
3
PAYING FOR PUBLIC GOODS
User Fees: Biaya yg dibebankan pemerin- tah utk brg yg non-rivalry tapi memungkinkan exclusion Termasuk juga inefficiency Price (Toll) Demand Curve For Trips P Bridge capacity Number of trips o Qe Qm Qc
4
THE FREE RIDER PROBLEM Brg2 yg disediakan secara publik dg ciri non-excludability tdk memungkinkan utk melakukan rationing via price system krn free rider problem walaupun MC positif Free Rider Problem keengganan org2 utk menyumbang secara sukarela utk mendukung public goods
5
PURE AND IMPURE PUBLIC GOODS
Non-rival MC = 0 Non-exludable the cost of exlusion (transaction costs) sangat tinggi MC of use Congested Highway PURE PRIVATE GOOD: Health services, education PURE PUBLIC GOOD: National Defence Fire Protection Ease of exclusion
6
PUBLICLY PROVIDED PRIVATE GOODS
PPPG Brg2 yg menimbulkan MC yg besar sehubungan supply utk tambahan individual Alasan2 penanganan secara publik: Cost Distribution consideration
7
P Demand Curve Welfare loss from excessive consumption MC Q Qe Qm P Demand Curve Welfare loss from excessive consumption MC Q Qe Qm
8
RATIONING DEVICES FOR PUBLICLY PROVIDED PRIVATE GOODS
Demand Curve A P* Trans. cost E F C B Prod. cost Q Qe Qo Qm Jika transaction cost tinggi lebih effisien jika disupply secara publik dg cara membandingkan antara: Penghematan trans.cost + gain kenaikan konsumsi dr Qe ke Qo dengan: kerugian krn overconsumption + kerugian akibat distorsi pajak utk membiayai penyediaannya
9
Akibat overconsumption, mk perlu rationing
System metode utk membatasi konsumsi: User fees/charges Uniform provision Queuing Uniform provision P D. curve of high demander Sejumlah orang dpt lebih banyak dpt level yg effisien dan sejumlah orang dpt kurang D. curve of low demander MC Q Q2 Q* Q1
10
EFFICIENCY CONDITION FOR PUBLIC
GOODS Berapa banyak brg publik yg seharusnya di supply? Supply yg effisien pure public goods jika jumlah MRS priv & pub semua individu = MRTS MRSprivat & publik brp banyak brg privat yg sedia dikorbankan masing2 individu utk memperoleh satu unit tambahan brg publik
11
MRTS berapa banyak brg privat yg siap
dikorbankan utk memperoleh 1 unit tambahan brg publik. KURVA DEMAND PUBLIC GOODS Walaupun pub goods tdk dibeli, pajak dpt dianggap sbg pengeluaran utk pub goods (tax price). Jika p tax price, C konsumsi brg privat G konsumsi brg publik, dan Y income ssorg, maka: Y = C + pG
12
Dpub Individual demand for public goods Kons brg priv B E’ E B B’ G1
Kons brg pub Tax price E p1 E’ p2 Dpub G1 G2 Jum brg pub
13
Kurva demand kollektif merupakan penjumlah vertikal
Rp Kurva demand kollektif utk barang publik Tax price Indiv 2 Kurva demand kollektif Tax price Indiv 2 Kurva demand indiv 2 Kurva demand indiv 1 G Jum brg publik Kurva demand kollektif merupakan penjumlah vertikal kurva demand indiv 1 dan 2 utk brg publik yg masing2 memperoleh jumlah yg sama.
14
Produk yg effisien perpotongan D dan S brg publik.
D kollektif Q Produk yg effisien perpotongan D dan S brg publik. D mewakili jumlah yg bersedia dikorbankan semua individu, sedangkan S mewakili jumlah brg lain yg bersedia dikorbankan utk m/oleh 1 unit tambahan brg publik
Presentasi serupa
© 2024 SlidePlayer.info Inc.
All rights reserved.