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TINGKAH LAKU PEMENUHAN KEBUTUHAN
Adelina
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PEMENUHAN KEBUTUHAN TL Makan dan Minum TL Eliminasi TL Reaksi
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TL MAKAN/INGESTIVE BEHAVIOUR
TUJUAN Mempertahankan status fisiologi yang stabil -Energi masuk = energi keluar -Hukum thermodinamik : Total kalori yang masuk = Produksi panas internal + kerja eksternal + cadangan energi *Feed intake (FI) dikontrol oleh sistem saraf pusat – hipothalamus, contoh : pada ayam
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Waktu Makan Dipengaruhi Oleh
Tipe dan ketersediaan pakan Kebutuhan nutrisi individu Tingkah laku spesies - Ayam makan anytime (50%) - Sapi – 15% grazing dimalam hari - Babi makan pada pagi hari saat temperatur udara rendah Korelasi antara waktu sapi merumput dengan maksimum temperatur Efek bangsa/breed terhadap respon temperatur & waktu merumput
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Waktu Grazing Dipengaruhi Oleh
Struktur dan kondisi lahan Status ternak - Bunting/tidak bunting - Laktasi awal ---- FI naik 20% - Bunting tua FI naik 27% Ketersediaan pakan Interaksi sosial
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The Choice of Diet Mekanisme/cara makan - Spesifik spesies
Selektivitas terhadap pakan - Daun lebih disukai daripada batang - Material hijau atau muda lebih disukai - Dipengaruhi oleh : *Indera *Faktor individu ternak *Jumlah pakan
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Examples of Feeding Behavior
o Cattle ruminate 4-9hrs/day, regurgitate boluses of feed per day o Sheep and goats graze 9-11hrs/day, ruminate 7-10hrs/day, regurgitate boluses of feed per day o Cattle usually don’t go more than 3 miles away from water o Sheep may travel as much as 8 miles a day
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Average Time Budgets For Horses
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Elimination of feces and urine
ELIMINATIVE BEHAVIOR Elimination of feces and urine o Cattle, sheep, horses, goats and chickens eliminate feces & urine indiscriminately o Hogs eliminate feces in definite areas of a pasture or pen o Cattle, sheep, goats and swine defecate while standing or walking, urinate while standing, but not walking o Cattle defecate times/day, urinate 7-11 times/day o Horses defecate 5-12 times/day, urinate 7-11 times/day o Animals defecate & urinate more when stressed or excited o Animals loose 3% of their live weight when transported to & from market points (Shrink)
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