Phylum Arthropoda Kelas Insecta - jumlah spesies sangat bervariasi

Presentasi berjudul: "Phylum Arthropoda Kelas Insecta - jumlah spesies sangat bervariasi"— Transcript presentasi:

1 Phylum Arthropoda Kelas Insecta - jumlah spesies sangat bervariasi
- jumlah individu sangat melimpah - penyebaran sangat luas (di seluruh dunia) Kelas Arachnida : - laba-laba - tungau Class Crustacea : jenis udang Dll. (centipedes, millipedes, etc.)

2 Insects vs Arachnids (Mites, Spiders)

3 Siklus hidup serangga 1. Metamorfosis sederhana /tidak sempurna : telur – nimfa – imago(dewasa) 2. Metamorfosais sempurna : telur – larva- pupa – imago(dewasa) 3. Some exceptions #1 and #2 apply to most agricultural pests

4 Simple Metamorphosis Egg Nymphs Adult
– has full-size wings, functional reproductive system

5 Simple Metamorphosis Nymphs Molt Molt Instar Instar

6 Simple Metamorphosis Egg Nymphs Adult
– has full-size wings, functional reproductive system Usually 4-6 instars, resemble adults, smaller size Same food and environment for nymphs and adults

7 Complete Metamorphosis
Corn Earworm Pupa Egg Adult – very different from larva Larva – several instars, important feeding stage

8 Complete Metamorphosis
Life stages are important because ecology, food habits, and management of different stages can be different Example: butterflies and moths Larva – feeds as damaging caterpillar Adult – beneficial as plant pollinator

9 Hubungan tanaman dengan serangga
Hama (Herbivora) Recyclers of Organic Materials ( pengurai/ dekomposer) Predators, parasites Pollinators (penyerbuk)

10 Serangga Herbivora Apabila secara ekonomi menimbulkan kerugian status HAMA Dijumpai berbagai jenis kerusakan : akar, batang, daun, bunga, buah bahkan sampai bahan yang disimpan

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12 Serangga Detritivora Serangga yang menguraikan zat organik menjadi senyawa karbon yang lebih sederhana. Contoh : Rayap Colembola Kumbang tanah Kumbang bangkai dll.

13 Serangga Penyerbuk Hubungan serangga penyerbuk ini dengan tumbuhan SALING MENGUNTUNGKAN Hubungan : - mutualisme - komensalisme - parasitisme

14 Serangga Karnivora Karnivora

15 PREDATOR dalam satu siklus hidupnya - Ukuran lebih besar daripada
Membunuh & memangsa banyak hewan dalam satu siklus hidupnya - Ukuran lebih besar daripada mangsanya

16 PARASITOID Parasitoid : serangga yang menumpang pada serangga lain yang menyebabkan kerugian pada inangnya Biasanya setiap individu serangga parasitoid hanya memerlukan satu ekor inang dalam satu siklus hidupnya.

17 Survey of insects – Major groups (orders) of ag pests or beneficials
Dragonflies Orthoptera and relatives (mantids, roaches) Thrips True bugs (Hemiptera) Piercing-sucking insects (Homoptera) Beetles Nerve-winged insects (Neuroptera) Butterflies and moths Bees, wasps, and ants Flies Etc.

18 Survey of Insects Dragonflies --- beneficial predators of flying insects Praying mantids --- beneficial predators Roaches --- recycling in some ag systems Grasshoppers, Crickets --- can be serious ag pests

19 Tawny Mole Cricket

20 Thrips Thrips palmi

21 Thrips Almost microscopic in size, fringed wings
Beneficial pollination in flowers Most are plant pests Some carry plant viruses

22 Virus Vectors Vector = carrier of virus Viruses in plants
Transmitted by insects, etc. Vector feeds on infected plant acquires virus feeds and passes virus to other plants

23 True Bugs Squash bug Note typical appearance

24 True Bugs Piercing-sucking mouthparts
Some important pests, e.g., stink bugs Some predators