EKOLOGI TERRESTRIAL HUTAN Umum:

Presentasi berjudul: "EKOLOGI TERRESTRIAL HUTAN Umum:"— Transcript presentasi:

1 EKOLOGI TERRESTRIAL HUTAN Umum:
10% daratan terdiri dari sumber daya hutan ± 60 merupakan biological stored house: yaitu : variasi spesies yg ditemukan di hutan + sumber kayu Luas ± 900 juta m2 di dunia: 10% nya ada di Indonesia, 33% di Brazil INDONESIAN FOREST RESOURCES Land juta Ha Forest: Rain Forest juta Ha Deciduous Forest juta Ha 117 juta Ha

2 RAIN FOREST CHARACTERISTICS:
Equitorial Broad leafs (evergreen) Closed  Canopy more than 80% Less light penetration Less under growth More diverse 40 – 100 cm rain / year Permanently moist High temperature Borneo, Irian, Sumatera (N), Sulaawesi (N, W) DECIDUOUS FOREST CHARACTERISTICS: Trees shed leaves annually Open and more light Denser under growth and fewer species 10 – 40 cm rain / year Drier soil and mostly in Java

3 TROPICAL FOREST NUTRIENT CYCLES
Ada 3 Tipe Tanah LATERITE: Irondize (Fe) yang dapat di oksidasi  asam (Borneo) tanah keras ALLUVIAL: dibentuk oleh sungai / kali (Java) VOLCANIC: dibentuk oleh gunung berapi Cycling: Active Pool Passive Pool (sedimentary Pool) Fertilitas tanah tipe hutan ini “miskin” artinya: miskin biomasa, sebab  Laterite Active Pool terjadi di Biomas bukan di soil

4 Akar pohon tidak terlalu dalam
Rock Soil Litter Humus Tree ENERGY: Sistem pompa air (water pump) Panas diabsorbsi sebab hutan ini perlu panas (heat) Panas ini dibuang juga ke atmosfer melalui proses “evaporasi” dalam tangka menghilangkan panas Akibatnya  cloud / rain created. Demikian sebaliknya dan seterusnya

5 FLORA & FAUNA 100 – 200 SPESIES / Ha. found in this forest 17% jenis-jenis burung ditemukan di Indonesia. We have high density in species, but we have a few individuals The number of individuals are few & the breeding is low so ... extict ? We have a minimum critical size, becouse there is low density in trees. There must be 20 or more individuals in order to maintain their life in 100 Ha. ECOLOGICAL VALUES OF TROPICAL FOREST Genetic Pool - Food - Medisine - Natural product Climate Control - Local - Global

6 Water and soil maintenance
- Flooding Siltation: soil enters to the water - Landslide Laterization - Run-off COUSES OF DEFORESTATION Agricultural development Timber harvest Roods + mining + fire Attitude:  ownership: who owns the forest?  forest will recover naturally SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF FOREST Extend knowledge + understanding Reforestation Appropriate technologies Establish ecological preserves Manage industrial use Protect upland watersheds