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TEORI KINETIK GAS XI MIPA - 4 Agung Nurdiansyah Cici Masruroh
Disusun oleh : Agung Nurdiansyah Cici Masruroh Elfa Indrian Indra Wijaya Muhammad Saiful Anwar Muhammad Ziyan Zaujan Pika Nur Alipah Via Fauziawati Sholeha XI MIPA - 4
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A. TEORI KINETIK GAS Teori kinetik zat membicarakan sifat zat dipandang dari sudut momentum. Peninjauan teori ini bukan pada kelakuan sebuah partikel, tetapi diutamakan pada sifat zat secara keseluruhan sebagai hasil rata-rata kelakuan partikel-partikel zat tersebut.
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SIFAT GAS IDEAL Gas terdiri atas partikel-partikel dalam jumlah yang besar sekali, yang senantiasa bergerak dengan arah sembarang dan tersebar merata dalam ruang yang kecil. Jarak antara partikel gas jauh lebih besar daripada ukuran partikel, sehingga ukuran partikel gas dapat diabaikan. Tumbukan antara partikel-partikel gas dan antara partikel dengan dinding tempatnya adalah elastis sempurna. Hukum-hukum Newton tentang gerak berlaku.
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TEORI KINETIK GAS Bilangan Avogadro Persamaan Gas Ideal
NA = 6,02 x molekul/mol Persamaan Gas Ideal pV = C atau p2V2 = p1V1 T T T1 p = Tekanan T = Suhu Mutlak V = Volume C = persamaan gas ideal atau secara umum : pV = nRT n = mol gas (mol) R = tetapan umum gas (8,341 J/mol K Massa molekul dan massa satu molekul : m0 = Massa satu m0 = M molekul satu zat NA M = Massa molekul Hubungan banyak mol dengan massa total gas : n = mol gas n = N N = jumlah molekul NA
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B. Hukum hukum yang mendasari Persamaan Gas Ideal
Hukum Charles dikemukakan oleh fisikawan Prancis bernama Jacques Charles. Charles menyatakan bahwa jika tekanan gas yang berada dalam bejana tertutup dipertahankan konstan, maka volume gas sebanding dengan suhu mutlaknya. Untuk gas yang berada dalam dua keadaan seimbang yang berbeda pada tekanan konstan, diperoleh persamaan: π1 π1 = π2 π2 V1 = volume gas pada keadaan 1 ( π 3 ) V2 = volume gas pada keadaan 2 ( π 3 ) T1 = suhu mutlak gas pada keadaan 1 (K) T2 = suhu mutlak gas pada keadaan 2 (K)
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Hukum Gay Lussac dikemukakan oleh kimiawan Prancis bernama Joseph Gay Lussac. Gay Lussac menyatakan bahwa jika volume gas yang berada dalam bejana tertutup dipertahankan konstan, maka tekanan gas sebanding dengan suhu mutlaknya. Untuk gas yang berada dalam dua keadaan seimbang yang berbeda pada volume konstan, diperoleh persamaan: π1 π1 = π2 π2 T1 = suhu mutlak gas pada keadaan 1 (K) T2 = suhu mutlak gas pada keadaan 2 (K) p1 = tekanan gas pada keadaan 1 (N/ π 2 ) P2 = tekanan gas pada keadaan 2 (N/ π 2 )
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Apabila hukum Boyle, hukum Charles, dan hukum Gay Lussac digabungkan, maka diperoleh persamaan: π1π1 π1 = π2π2 π2
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P V = n R T C. PERSAMAAN KEADAAN GAS IDEAL P = Tekanan gas [N.m-2]
V = Volume gas [m3] n = Jumlah mol gas [mol] N = Jumlah partikel gas NA = Bilangan Avogadro = 6,02 x 1023 R = Konstanta umum gas = 8,314 J.mol-1 K-1 atau 0,0821 atm liter/mol.K T = Temperatur mutlak gas [K] P V = n R T Custom animation effects: shrink transparent shapes (Intermediate) Tip: You will need to use drawing guides to reproduce the effects on this slide. To display and set the drawing guides, do the following: On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click Blank. Right-click the slide background area, and then click Grid and Guides. In the Grid and Guides dialog box, do the following: Under Snap to, select Snap objects to grid. On the slide, press and hold CTRL, select the vertical guide, and then drag it left to the 2.00 position. (Note: One horizontal and one vertical guide will display on the slide at 0.00, the default position. As you drag the guides, the cursor will display the new position.) Under Guide settings, select Display drawing guides on screen. Under Grid settings, in the Spacing box, enter 0.25. Press and hold CTRL, select the horizontal guide, and then drag it up to the 2.00 position. Press and hold CTRL, select the vertical guide, and then drag it left to the 2.00 position. Right-click the slide background area, and then click Grid and Guides. In the Grid and Guides dialog box, under Snap to, clear Snap objects to grid. Press and hold CTRL, select the horizontal guide, and then drag itΒ down to the 1.25 position. To reproduce the animated shape effects on this slide, do the following: Select the rectangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following: On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Rectangle click Rounded Diagonal Corner Rectangle (ninth option from the left). On the slide, drag to draw a rectangle. In the Shape Width box, enter 10.5β. In the Shape Height box, enter 8.1β. Under the Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shapes Styles group, click the arrow next to Shape Outline, and then click No Outline. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following: Click Align Middle. Click Align Center. Click Align to Slide. On the slide, select the rectangle. In the Custom Animation task pane, do the following: On the Animations tab, in the Animations group, click Custom Animation. Select the animation effect (grow/shrink effect for the rectangle). Click the arrow next to the selected effect, and then click Effect Options. In the Grow/Shrink dialog box, do the following: Click Add Effect, point to Emphasis, and then click More Effects. In the Add Emphasis Effect dialog box, under Basic, click Grow/Shrink. On the Timing tab, do the following: On the Effect tab, in the Size list, in the Custom box, enter 37%, and then press ENTER. In the Speed box, enter 1.5 seconds. In the Start list, select With Previous. Select the second animation effect (left motion path for the rectangle). Click the arrow next to the selected effect, and then click Timing. In the Left dialog box, on the Timing tab, do the following: Click Add Effect, point to Motion Paths, and then click Left. In the Speed box, enter 0.8 seconds. In the Delay box, enter 0.7. Select the duplicate rectangle. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following: Select the rectangle. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow under Paste, and then click Duplicate. On the slide, select the motion path. Point to the endpoint (red arrow) until the cursor becomes a two-headed arrow, and then drag the endpoint to the intersection of the 2.00 top horizontal and the 2.00 left vertical drawing guides. With the second rectangle still selected, under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the bottom right corner of the Shape Styles group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Solid fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following: In the Custom Animation task pane, select the fourth animation effect (motion path for the second rectangle). On the slide, point to the endpoint (red arrow) until the cursor becomes a two-headed arrow, and then drag the endpoint to the intersection of the 1.25 bottom horizontal and the 2.00 left vertical drawing guides. In the Transparency box, enter 50%. Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left). To reproduce the animated text effects on this slide, do the following: On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click Text Box, and then on the slide, drag to draw the text box. Enter text in the text box, and then select the text. On the Home tab, in the Font group, do the following: On the Home tab, in the Paragraph group, click Center to center the text in the text box. In the Font Size box, enter 26. In the Font list, select Gill Sans MT. On the slide, drag the text box until it is centered at the intersection of the 2.00 top horizontal and the 2.00 left vertical drawing guides. With the text box still selected, in the Custom Animation task pane, do the following: Select the fifth animation effect (fade effect for the first text box). Under Modify: Fade, do the following: Click Add Effect, point to Entrance, and then click More Effects. In the Add Entrance Effect dialog box, under Subtle, click Fade. In the Start list, select After Previous. Click in the second, duplicate text box, and then edit the text. On the slide, select the text box. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow under Paste, and then click Duplicate. In the Speed list, select Medium. On the slide, drag the second text box until it is centered at the intersection of the 1.25 bottom horizontal and the 2.00 left vertical drawing guides. Select the text in the second text box. On the Home tab, in the Font group, click the arrow next to Font Color, and then click Black, Text 1 (first row, second option from the left). Right-click off the slide, and then click Grid and Guides. In the Grid and Guides dialog box, under Guide settings, clear Display drawing guides on screen. With the second text box still selected, in the Custom Animation task pane, select the sixth animation effect (fade effect for the second text box). Click the arrow next to the selected effect, and then click Timing. In the Fade dialog box, on the Timing tab, in the Delay box, enter 1. To modify the color of the objects on the slide, do the following: In the Selection and Visibility pane, select the first rectangle you created on the slide. Under the Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the bottom right corner in the Shapes Styles group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Solid fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following: Click the button next to Colors, and then under Theme Colors click Black, Text 1 (first row, second option from the left). On the slide, select the text in the second text box. On the Home tab, in the Font group, click the arrow next to Font Color, and then under Theme Colors click Black, Text 1, Lighter 15% (fifth row, second option from the left). On the slide, select the text in the first text box. On the Home tab, in the Font group, click the arrow next to Font Color, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left). To reproduce the background effects on this slide, do the following: In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Picture or texture fill in the Fill pane, and then under Insert from, click File. On the Design tab, in the bottom right corner of the Background group, click the Format Background dialog box launcher. In the Insert Picture dialog box, select a picture, and then click Insert.
![P V = n R T C. PERSAMAAN KEADAAN GAS IDEAL P = Tekanan gas [N.m-2]](http://slideplayer.info/slide/13948985/85/images/8/P+V+%3D+n+R+T+C.+PERSAMAAN+KEADAAN+GAS+IDEAL+P+%3D+Tekanan+gas+%5BN.m-2%5D.jpg "V = Volume gas [m3] n = Jumlah mol gas [mol] N = Jumlah partikel gas. NA = Bilangan Avogadro = 6,02 x R = Konstanta umum gas = 8,314 J.mol-1 K-1 atau 0,0821 atm liter/mol.K. T = Temperatur mutlak gas [K] P V = n R T. Custom animation effects: shrink transparent shapes. (Intermediate) Tip: You will need to use drawing guides to reproduce the effects on this slide. To display and set the drawing guides, do the following: On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click Blank. Right-click the slide background area, and then click Grid and Guides. In the Grid and Guides dialog box, do the following: Under Snap to, select Snap objects to grid. On the slide, press and hold CTRL, select the vertical guide, and then drag it left to the 2.00 position. (Note: One horizontal and one vertical guide will display on the slide at 0.00, the default position. As you drag the guides, the cursor will display the new position.) Under Guide settings, select Display drawing guides on screen. Under Grid settings, in the Spacing box, enter Press and hold CTRL, select the horizontal guide, and then drag it up to the 2.00 position. Press and hold CTRL, select the vertical guide, and then drag it left to the 2.00 position. Right-click the slide background area, and then click Grid and Guides. In the Grid and Guides dialog box, under Snap to, clear Snap objects to grid. Press and hold CTRL, select the horizontal guide, and then drag it down to the 1.25 position. To reproduce the animated shape effects on this slide, do the following: Select the rectangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following: On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Rectangle click Rounded Diagonal Corner Rectangle (ninth option from the left). On the slide, drag to draw a rectangle. In the Shape Width box, enter In the Shape Height box, enter Under the Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shapes Styles group, click the arrow next to Shape Outline, and then click No Outline. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following: Click Align Middle. Click Align Center. Click Align to Slide. On the slide, select the rectangle. In the Custom Animation task pane, do the following: On the Animations tab, in the Animations group, click Custom Animation. Select the animation effect (grow/shrink effect for the rectangle). Click the arrow next to the selected effect, and then click Effect Options. In the Grow/Shrink dialog box, do the following: Click Add Effect, point to Emphasis, and then click More Effects. In the Add Emphasis Effect dialog box, under Basic, click Grow/Shrink. On the Timing tab, do the following: On the Effect tab, in the Size list, in the Custom box, enter 37%, and then press ENTER. In the Speed box, enter 1.5 seconds. In the Start list, select With Previous. Select the second animation effect (left motion path for the rectangle). Click the arrow next to the selected effect, and then click Timing. In the Left dialog box, on the Timing tab, do the following: Click Add Effect, point to Motion Paths, and then click Left. In the Speed box, enter 0.8 seconds. In the Delay box, enter 0.7. Select the duplicate rectangle. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following: Select the rectangle. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow under Paste, and then click Duplicate. On the slide, select the motion path. Point to the endpoint (red arrow) until the cursor becomes a two-headed arrow, and then drag the endpoint to the intersection of the 2.00 top horizontal and the 2.00 left vertical drawing guides. With the second rectangle still selected, under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the bottom right corner of the Shape Styles group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Solid fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following: In the Custom Animation task pane, select the fourth animation effect (motion path for the second rectangle). On the slide, point to the endpoint (red arrow) until the cursor becomes a two-headed arrow, and then drag the endpoint to the intersection of the 1.25 bottom horizontal and the 2.00 left vertical drawing guides. In the Transparency box, enter 50%. Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left). To reproduce the animated text effects on this slide, do the following: On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click Text Box, and then on the slide, drag to draw the text box. Enter text in the text box, and then select the text. On the Home tab, in the Font group, do the following: On the Home tab, in the Paragraph group, click Center to center the text in the text box. In the Font Size box, enter 26. In the Font list, select Gill Sans MT. On the slide, drag the text box until it is centered at the intersection of the 2.00 top horizontal and the 2.00 left vertical drawing guides. With the text box still selected, in the Custom Animation task pane, do the following: Select the fifth animation effect (fade effect for the first text box). Under Modify: Fade, do the following: Click Add Effect, point to Entrance, and then click More Effects. In the Add Entrance Effect dialog box, under Subtle, click Fade. In the Start list, select After Previous. Click in the second, duplicate text box, and then edit the text. On the slide, select the text box. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow under Paste, and then click Duplicate. In the Speed list, select Medium. On the slide, drag the second text box until it is centered at the intersection of the 1.25 bottom horizontal and the 2.00 left vertical drawing guides. Select the text in the second text box. On the Home tab, in the Font group, click the arrow next to Font Color, and then click Black, Text 1 (first row, second option from the left). Right-click off the slide, and then click Grid and Guides. In the Grid and Guides dialog box, under Guide settings, clear Display drawing guides on screen. With the second text box still selected, in the Custom Animation task pane, select the sixth animation effect (fade effect for the second text box). Click the arrow next to the selected effect, and then click Timing. In the Fade dialog box, on the Timing tab, in the Delay box, enter 1. To modify the color of the objects on the slide, do the following: In the Selection and Visibility pane, select the first rectangle you created on the slide. Under the Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the bottom right corner in the Shapes Styles group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Solid fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following: Click the button next to Colors, and then under Theme Colors click Black, Text 1 (first row, second option from the left). On the slide, select the text in the second text box. On the Home tab, in the Font group, click the arrow next to Font Color, and then under Theme Colors click Black, Text 1, Lighter 15% (fifth row, second option from the left). On the slide, select the text in the first text box. On the Home tab, in the Font group, click the arrow next to Font Color, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left). To reproduce the background effects on this slide, do the following: In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Picture or texture fill in the Fill pane, and then under Insert from, click File. On the Design tab, in the bottom right corner of the Background group, click the Format Background dialog box launcher. In the Insert Picture dialog box, select a picture, and then click Insert.")
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k = Tetapan Boltzman 1, J/K
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M = massa molekul m = massa gas = massa jenis
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D. Tekanan Gas Ideal p= mvx Luas A = L2 pβ= mvx L
Momentum awal (saat partikel bergerak ke kanan): p = mvx Momentum akhir saat partikel terpental ke kiri: pβ = - mvx Perubahan momentum gas: p= mvx Luas A = L2 pβ= mvx L οp = pβ-p = mvx β (-mvx) = 2 mvx
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Waktu yang diperlukan partikel gas melakukan dua tumbukan berurutan
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A = Luas dinding V = Volume kubus
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Andaikan dalam kubus itu ada N molekul dan tumbukan berlaku ke semua arah dengan laju rata-rata maka
Px = Py = Pz = P = = =
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E. Tekanan dan Energi Kinetik
Energi kinetik rata-rata molekul:
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F. SUHU MUTLAK Apabila suatu gas dipanaskan, maka suhu gas tersebut akan meningkat. Kenaikan suhu ini menyebabkan laju gerak partikel gas juga bertambah besar, sehingga energi kinetik rata- rata partikel gas juga bertambah. Seara matematis hubungan antara suhu mutlak dengan energi kinetik rata-rata partikel gas dapat dinyatakan dengan persamaan : p V = N k T p = k T (N/V)
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Persamaan ini menyatakan bahwa energi kinetik rata-rata partikel gas hanya dipengaruhi oleh suhu mutlaknya. Makin besar suhu mutlak gas, makin besar pula energi kinetik rata-rata nya. perlu diperhatikan bahwa persamaan
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Untuk gas monoatomik (misalnya gas mulia : helium, neon, dan argon)
Untuk gas monoatomik (misalnya gas mulia : helium, neon, dan argon). Untuk gas diatomik berlaku persamaan lain yang akan dibahas selanjutnya.
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G. Kecepatan Partikel Gas
Dalam wadah tertutup terdapat N molekul gas bergerak ke segala arah (acak) dengan kecepatan yang berbeda Misalkan : N1 molekul gas a bergerak v1 N2 molekul gas b bergerak v2 N3 molekul gas a bergerak v3 Maka persamaan kuadrat kelajuan rata-rata sebagai berikut: Kecepatan efektif vrms (root mean square) didefinisikan sebagai akar dari kuadrat kecepatan rata-rata
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Hubungan kecepatan efektif gas dengan suhu mutlaknya
Kecepatan efektif gas sebanding dengan suhunya dan berbanding terbalik dengan massa total gas
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Untuk suatu gas ideal tertentu (M konstan) kelajuan efektif vrms
Persamaan di atas berlaku untuk 1 mol gas, karena di dalam wadah terdapat N gas , maka Untuk suatu gas ideal tertentu (M konstan) kelajuan efektif vrms hanya bergantung pada suhu mutlaknya (bukan pada tekanannya) Untuk berbagai gas ideal pada suhu sama (T konstan), kelajuan efektif vrms hanya bergantung pada massa molekulnya (M)
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Hubungan kelajuan efektif gas dengan tekanan
Dari persamaan: Anda tidak boleh menyatakan bahwa vrms sebanding dengan tekanannya, persamaan di samping diturunkan dari persamaan dasar yang menyatakan bahwa vrms hanya bergantung pada suhunya dan tidak pada tekanannya
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H. Energi Dalam Gas Ideal
Gas ideal tidak memiliki energi potensial, maka energi dalam total (U) suatu gas ideal dengan N partikel adalah Gas Monoatomik Gas Diatomik
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Soalβ¦. Hukum yang berlaku pada gas ideal adalah ?
Di dalam ruangan tertutup suhu suatu gas 27ΛC tekanan 1 atm dan volume 0,5 liter,jika suhu dinaikan menjadi 327ΛC dan tekanan 2 atm,maka volume menjadi ? Berapa volume 1 gram gas hydrogen yang diukur pada suhu 25ΒΊ C dan tekanan 1 atm? (diketahui R=0,082 L atm/mol K)
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4. Suatu gas ideal mempunyai energy dalam 1,01 x 1028 joule
4. Suatu gas ideal mempunyai energy dalam 1,01 x 1028 joule . jumlah mol gas tersebut bila besarnya energy kineticnya 5 kj adalah β¦ 5. Gas oksigen bermasa 16 gram berada dalam tabung 1 liter , jika suhu gas 27ΛC , maka energy dalam tersebut adalah Berapa tekanan tabung gas LPG yang volumenya 30 liter agar pada 27ΒΊ C di dalamnya brisi gas metana sebanyak 12 kg ? (diketahui Mr metana =16 dan dianggap bahwa metana merupakan gas ideal)
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7.Hitunglah energy kinetic translasi rata-rata molekul gas pada temperature 37ΛC 8.Tentukan energy kinetic rata-rata 5 mol gas neon yang memiliki volum 25 liter dengan tekanan 100 kPa 9.Jika energy kinetic gas menjadi dua kali enerfi kinetic gas pada suhu 127ΛC,berapa suhu gas sekarang ?
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10. Dalam sebuah ruangan terdapat 800 mg gas dengan tekanan 1 atm,kelajuan rata-rata partikel tersebut adalah 750/ms.jika 1 atm = 105 N/ π 2 ,berapa volume ruangan tersebut ?
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