Fizik Lalulintas Wan Ahmad Tajuddin Wan Abdullah

Presentasi berjudul: "Fizik Lalulintas Wan Ahmad Tajuddin Wan Abdullah"— Transcript presentasi:

1 Fizik Lalulintas Wan Ahmad Tajuddin Wan Abdullah
Jabatan Fizik Universiti Malaya & Institut Ibnu Sina UTM

2 Alam ini kompleks

3 Sistem kompleks Tak keseimbangan, pelesapan
Banyak darjah kebebasan fungsi Lyapunov Tak linear pemetaan peta logistik xn+1 = axn(1-xn) Komputer: simulasi, pemetaan

4 Bawah ke Atas saling tindak tempatan, minimal ↓ fenomena sejagat

5 pemerihalan statistik
Rawak Sistem besar Ergodik Entropi Perubahan fasa …

6 Automaton bersel (/Permainan Kehidupan) salingtindak (hidup/mati) sel/organisme dgn jiran, berruang unsur Boole di atas kekisi dengan salingtindak jiran terdekat 2 dimensi: h g f e p d c b a Keadaan p bergantung kepada keadaan-keadaan a, b, …, h (dan diri sendiri p). Dinamik automaton bersel 1 dimensi dgn s/t jiran terdekat – 4 jenis: Evolusi kepada keadaan homogen Evolusi kepada keadaan berkala/berkitar Evolusi kepada keadaan celaru Evolusi kepada keadaan dgn struktur-struktur kompleks bertempat, kadangkala hidup lama

7 1 dimensi dgn s/t jiran terdekat
bergantung kpd jiran kiri, diri sendiri dan jiran kanan – 3 keadaan, - boleh diwakili nombor dedua 3 bit (no. perpuluhan 0-7: ada 8 kemungkinan). Atur nombor-nombor (keadaan-keadaan mungkin) ini secara menurun dan tuliskan keadaan terhasil bagi unsur tengah mengikut turutan – ini memberikan suatu nombor dedua 8 bit yg menentukan hukum bagi dinamik automaton bersel berkaitan. mis. Hukum 90 ( = 9010)

8 Lalulintas Lebuhraya Aliran berbiji Tindakan pemandu Satu hala
Satu dimensi

9 Model automaton bersel
Model mudah: 1 lorong, 1-dim Hukum 184 – bergerak ke kanan satu tapak jika kosong - Bil./kepadatan kereta terabadi - Kelajuan maksimum m=1

10 Perubahan fasa pada rc = 1/2 (kinetik peringkat ke2)
di mana Perubahan fasa pada rc = 1/2 (kinetik peringkat ke2) [peralihan mengejap]

11 Gambarajah fundamental arus lwn kepadatan
j = vr r j Hukum 184: r

12 penumbesaran kelompok soliton

13 Pengaman/pengumuman Banyak lorong (- memotong)
Banyak kelajuan (- brek dan pecut) Sikap pemandu Masukan kereta Hingar Perlanggaran …..

14 Model Malaysia (awalan)
3 lorong m=3 pecut jika boleh (kelajuan maksimum kalau boleh) brek jika terpaksa (brek ganas jika terpaksa) potong sebelah kanan jika lebih ruang (tak kesah kereta datang; tak balik ke lorong kiri) kereta masuk di suatu hujung, keluar di hujung bertentangan kebarangkalian kelajuan maksimum lebih besar lebih besar

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19 Adakah lebuhraya punyai ingatan?

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22 Nak dibuat: Profil halaju: halaju purata di setiap lajur
Lihat ‘pergerakan’ bhg perlahan (jika ada) Lihat masa hayat lwn kepadatan