Artificial Intelligence Andrea Danyluk For FPS 2/2/04.

Presentasi berjudul: "Artificial Intelligence Andrea Danyluk For FPS 2/2/04."— Transcript presentasi:

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2 Artificial Intelligence Andrea Danyluk For FPS 2/2/04

3 Today we’ll discus: Intelligence Artificial Intelligence A brief history of AI Cool current projects in AI

4 What’s involved in Intelligence? Ability to interact with the world (speech, vision, motion, manipulation) Ability to model the world and to reason about it Ability to learn and to adapt

5 Goals in AI To build systems that exhibit intelligent behavior To understand intelligence in order to model it

6 Modeling people? Sometimes But sometimes we want AI systems to be better and smarter than we are

7 A Brief History of AI 1943: McCulloch and Pitts propose a model of artificial neurons 1956 Minsky and Edmonds build first neural network computer, the SNARC

8 The Dartmouth Conference (1956) John McCarthy organizes a two-month workshop for researchers interested in neural networks and the study of intelligence Agreement to adopt a new name for this field of study: Artificial Intelligence

9 1952-1969 Enthusiasm: Arthur Samuel’s checkers player Shakey the robot Lots of work on neural networks

10 1966-1974 Reality: AI problems appear to be too big and complex Computers are very slow, very expensive, and have very little memory (compared to today)

11 1969-1979 Knowledge-based systems: Birth of expert systems Idea is to give AI systems lots of information to start with

12 1980-1988 AI in industry: R1 becomes first successful commercial expert system Some interesting phone company systems for diagnosing failures of telephone service

13 1990s to the present: Increases in computational power (computers are cheaper, faster, and have tons more memory than they used to) An example of the coolness of speed: Computer Chess

14 Computer Chess 2/96: Kasparov vs Deep Blue –Kasparov victorious: 3 wins, 2 draws, 1 loss 3/97: Kasparov vs Deeper Blue –First match won against world champion –512 processors: 200 million chess positions per second How do you think it works???

15 Cool things AI is doing now

16 Robotics Mars rover http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/home/index.html Humanoid robots http://www.ai.mit.edu/projects/humanoid-robotics- group/ Entertainment robots http://www.us.aibo.com/ Vacuum cleaner robots: “Roomba”

17 Machine Learning Looking for patterns in vast amounts of data that is just too big for humans to analyze [c4.5 demos]

18 Lanuage Systems Automatic translation http://world.altavista.com/ You type, it types back http://www.mrmind.com/mrmind3

19 Speech Systems Movie ticket reservations by phone 1-800-Fandango You talk, it types IBM’s ViaVoice

20 Vision Systems Face recognition and enhancement http://www.ri.cmu.edu/labs/lab_51.html Automated driving - No Hands across America Visual tracking systems http://www1.cs.columbia.edu/CAVE/research/de mos/.index.html

21 More Information http://www.aaai.org/Pathfinder/html/show.h tml