New Technologies for Challenging Situations – Perennial and Nursery Crops in California S. Schneider, T. Trout, J. Gerik USDA ARS, Parlier, CA H. Ajwa,

Presentasi berjudul: "New Technologies for Challenging Situations – Perennial and Nursery Crops in California S. Schneider, T. Trout, J. Gerik USDA ARS, Parlier, CA H. Ajwa,"— Transcript presentasi:

1 New Technologies for Challenging Situations – Perennial and Nursery Crops in California S. Schneider, T. Trout, J. Gerik USDA ARS, Parlier, CA H. Ajwa, B. Westerdahl U C, Davis

2 Challenging Situations  Field Nursery Crops strict nematode control regulations in Californiastrict nematode control regulations in California efficacy needed to 150 cmefficacy needed to 150 cm crop rescue if nematode management failscrop rescue if nematode management fails

3 Challenging Situations  Perennial Crop Replant roots from previous crop can harbor nematodes deep in the soilroots from previous crop can harbor nematodes deep in the soil management is needed for more than one seasonmanagement is needed for more than one season “minor” failures compound over the life of the vineyard or orchard“minor” failures compound over the life of the vineyard or orchard

4 Challenging Situations  Ornamental Crops diversity of cropping systemsdiversity of cropping systems – 145 crops/grower at one time short cropping cycleshort cropping cycle – residual activity of pesticides proximity to urban areasproximity to urban areas

5 Common Issues  diversity of soil types  diversity of climates  diversity of pests & pathogens  dependence on methyl bromide

6 Potential Solutions  new materials  new application technologies  rescue technologies  site-specific management  innovative combinations of all tools available

7 New Materials  covered previously by Dr. Rodriquez-Kabana  Performance in perennial, nursery, and ornamental systems will be presented

8 Application Technologies  Drip Irrigation Systems as a delivery vehicle for fumigants closed systemclosed system use water to move emulsified materialsuse water to move emulsified materials adapt to distribution pattern neededadapt to distribution pattern needed – bed vs. broadcast – shallow vs. deep post-plant applications of supplemental materialspost-plant applications of supplemental materials

9 Optimization of Drip Fumigation  application rate; minimum efficacious rate for drip fumigation vs. shank injection  amount of irrigation water needed for optimum distribution of fumigants in various soils  drip tape configurations (emitter discharge rate, emitter spacing, and drip tape spacing)  combination of fumigants at reduced rates  impermeable film (VIF) vs standard PE mulch  pre-irrigation, initial soil water content Dr. Husein Ajwa

10 Drip Application Equipment Flow meter Static mixer Injection port Water meter Nitrogen cylinder

11 Micro gas chromatograph with a multi- port sampling valve

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