MOTIVATION IN THE CLASSROOM Elliot, Kratochwill, Littlefield, Travers, 1999. Effective Teaching Educational Psychology effective learning. Singapore: McGraw.

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1 MOTIVATION IN THE CLASSROOM Elliot, Kratochwill, Littlefield, Travers, 1999. Effective Teaching Educational Psychology effective learning. Singapore: McGraw Hill

2 Kasus Ibu guru Tika dihadapkan pada kenyataan murid- muridnya pasif ketika pembelajaran sastra berlangsung, tidak ada diskusi, pertanyaan. Ibu guru bertanya-tanya apa yang salah dengan pengajaran ini. Pelajaran terasa panjang dan membosankan. Ibu guru bertanya-tanya pada dirinya. Apa yang harus kulakukan, agar murid-murid ku termotivasi untuk bertanya? Aku tidak bisa memotivasi tetapi dia sendiri harus mampu membangkitkan motivasi dirinya sendiri.

3 Kasus Akhirnya terungkap kegalauan guru ketika guru mengajukan pertanyaan kepada siswa: “Apa relevansi topik ini dengan kelanjutan kuliah saya” “ Saya tidak bagus nilai nya dalam mata pelajaran bahasa, apalagi ditambah ini,dapatkah aku mendapat nilai bagus “

4 Motivasi : meaning and myth Ford (1992) motivasi terdiri dari tiga komponen yang saling berhubungan; -personal goals – cita-cita diri -personal agency belief – abilities to attain goals - emotions = arousing behavior Motivation arouses, sustains directs, and integrates behavior

5 Mitos Gronssnickle dan Thiel (1988) : 1. Not active = unmotivated 2. Kegagalan = good motivator 3. Learning is more important 4. Teachers motivate students 5. Threats increase motivasi 6. Learning automatically improves with increased student motivation

6 Macam motivasi Intrinsic motivation: the desire of students themselves to learn, without the need for external inducement Extrinsic motivation: those rewards and inducements external to students

7 Faktor penyebab motivasi Humanistic (Maslow, 1987) = self-actualization Cognitive (Bruner, 1960) = discovery learning – intrinsic processes Attribution theory (Petri, 1991) = causes of behavior Social cognitive (Bandura, 1977)= imitasi – modeling Behavior (Skinner, 1971) = reinforcement – schedules of reinforcement

8 What affects student motivation 1. Anxiety 2. Attitude 3. Curiosity 4. Locus of control – the cause of behavior 5. Learned helplessness – frustrasi/gagal 6. Self efficacy = keyakinan atas kemampuan untuk mengendalikan perilaku, merasa kompeten