Manajemen Transportasi dan Distribusi

Presentasi berjudul: "Manajemen Transportasi dan Distribusi"— Transcript presentasi:

1 Manajemen Transportasi dan Distribusi

2 Peranan TRANSPORTASI dalam Supply Chain
Movement of product from one location to another as its way from the beginning of a supply chain to the customer. USA, 2002, 10 percent GDP (4th-housing, health care, food), 20 million people, 16% total occupational employment.

3 Peranan TRANSPORTASI dalam Supply Chain
Indonesia : Rp. 1,402 Triliun = 26% PDB, Carrying cost 421 T, transportation cost 841 T, administration cost 140 T 17% total biaya produksi (Malaysia 8%, Philipina 7%, Singapura 6%) Peringkat ke-47 (2007), peringkat ke-75 (2010)

4 Peranan TRANSPORTASI dalam Supply Chain
Penyebab mahalnya biaya logistik Buruknya infrastruktur dan sistem transportasi (antrian panjang truk di pelabuhan Merak) Regulasi yang terlalu banyak mengatur retribusi dan pungutan liar Panjangnya mata rantai distribusi, mis kontainer tujuan Eropa lewat Singapura atau Malaysia dulu.

5 Contoh Good Transportation
Dell Wal-Mart IKEA (180 store in 23 country) Seven-Eleven Japan Amazon

6 Mode Transportation Air Package carriers Truk Rail Water Pipeline
Intermodal

7 AIR Very fast & expensive mode
Smal, high-value items, time-sensitive, emergecy shipment, long distance

8 Package carriers FedEx, UPS, US Postal Service
Letter until about 150 lbs Used air, truck, rail, small truck making milk runs Time-critical smaller package Very expensive price for large shipments

9 Truck In 2002, trucks 64% commercial freight value, and 58% by weight
TL & LTL More expensive than rail, door-to-door shipment, shoter delivery time. No transfer between pickup and delivery

10 Truck TL relative low fixed costs LTL, small lots, less than half TL
Cheaper for large shipment

11 Rail In 2002, about 4 % by value, 12% by weighf, and over 25% of total ton-miles Commodities over large distances Ideal mode for carying large, heavy, or heavy-density product over long distances,non time sensitive

12 Water All kind of product : Car, grain, apparel...
Cheapest mode of transport

13 Pipeline Crude petroleum, refine petroleum, gas ...
Best suited when relatively stable and large flows are required

14 Intermodal Use more than one mode transportation to move a shipment to its destination Container are easy to transfer from one mode to another.

15 TRANSPORTATION NETWORK
Direct shipment network Direct shipment with milk runs All shipment via Central DC Tailored network

16 Direct shipment Elimination of intermediate warehouses and its simplicity of operation and coordination. Lot size are close to TL

17 Direct shipping with milk runs
Multiple location on single truck Better utilization of the truck and somewhat lower costs Toyota uses milk runs to support JIT In Japan, single supplier to many assembly plants located close together. In US from many supplier to each assembly plant

18 All shipment via Central DC
Two roles, store inventory and serve as a transfer location The buyer divided into geographic region, DC build for each region. When supplier far from buyer locations and transportation cost are high Economic of scale for inbound transportation to point close to the final destination

19 All shipment via Central DC
Cross-docking Wal Mart Large and predicable demand Shipping via DC using milk runs

20 Trade-offs design Transportation and inventory cost
Transportation and customer responsiveness

21 Tailored transportation by customer density and distance
Short Distance Medium Distance Long distance High density Privat fleet with milk runs Cross docking with milk runs Medium density Third-party milk runs LTL carrier LTL or package carrier Low density Third-party milk runs or LTL carier Package carrier

22 Tailored transportation by Size of Customer
When using milk runs, make mix visiting (L,M1,S1),(L,M2,S2),(L,M1,S3), (L,M2,S1), (L,M1,S2), (L,M2,S3) L = Customer Large demand M1,2 = Customer Medium demand S1,2,3= Customer Small demand

23 Summary Understand the role of transportation within a supply chain
Evaluate the strenghts and weaknesses of different modes of transportation Identify the relative strengths and weakness of various transportation network design options Identify trade-offs that shippers need to consider when designing a transportation network

24 Manajemen Transportasi dan Distribusi
Kemampuan untuk mengirimkan produk ke pelanggan secara tepat waktu, dalam jumlah yang sesuai dan dalam kondisi yang baik serta pelayanan purnajual yang memuaskan, akan menentukan apakah produk tersebut pada akhirnya akan kompetitif di pasar Manfaatkan teknologi dan inovasi.

25 Manajemen Transportasi dan Distribusi
Jaringan distribusi tidak lagi dipandang hanya sebagai serangkaian fasilitas yang mengerjakan fungsi-fungsi fisik seperti pengangkutan dan penyimpanan, tetapi merupakan bagian integral dari kegiatan supply chain secara holistik dan memiliki peran strategis sebagai titik penyalur produk maupun informasi dan juga sebagai wahana untuk menciptakan nilai tambah.

26 Fungsi dasar Manajemen Transportasi dan Distribusi
Melakukan segmentasi dan menentukan target service level. Menentukan mode transportasi yang akan digunakan Melakukan konsolidasi informasi dan pengiriman Melakukan penjadwalan dan penentuan rute pengiriman Memberikan pelayanan nilai tambah Menyimpan persediaan Menangani pengembalian (retur)

27 Mode Transportasi Dalam manajemen transportasi biasanya dibedakan antara pihak yang memiliki barang (shipper) dan pihak yang melakukan pengiriman (carrier). Biaya yang perlu dipertimbangkan bagi carrier : biaya alat transportasi, operasional tetap ( sewa bandara, pelabuhan ..), biaya operasional variabel ( biaya bahan bakar.. ), biaya overhead. Hal lain yang perlu dipertimbangkan adalah kecepatan pengiriman, volume, dan fleksibilitas pengiriman. Dari sisi shipper, pertimbangannya bisa didasarkan pada berbagai biaya yang timbul pada supply chain, biaya transportasi, biaya persediaan, biaya loading-unloading, biaya fasilitas (gudang). Hal lain yang perlu dipertimbangkan, tingkat pelayanan.

28 Mode transportasi Mode Truk Kereta Kapal Pswt Paket Volume Fleks waktu
sedang sgt bnyk banyak sgt sdkt Fleks waktu tinggi rendah Fleks rute sgt rendah sgt tinggi Kecepatan Biaya kirim Inv. (intransit) sedikit

29 Penentuan Rute dan Jadwal Pengiriman
Metoda saving matrix : meminimumkan jarak atau waktu, atau biaya. Langkah : 1. Mengidentifikasi matrix jarak 2. Mengidentifikasi matrix penghematan 3. Mengalokasikan toko ke kendr/route 4. Mengurutkan toko ke route

30 Contoh saving matrix Tk.Tujuan Koord X Koor Y Vol Order 1 10 8 320 2
-3 85 3 16 -8 300 4 150 5 9 200 6 120 7 12 180 230

31 Contoh saving matrix Step1: Mengidentifikasi matrix jarak
Hitung jarak dari gudang ke toko dan jarak antar toko J(1,2) = √((x1-x2)^2+(y1-y2)^2)

32 Contoh saving matrix Step2: Mengidentifikasi matrix penghematan
S(x,y)= J(G,x)+J(G,y)-J(x,y)

33 Matrix penghematan gudang gudang Toko 1 Toko 1 Toko 2 Toko 2
Perubahan yang terjadi dengan mengkonsulidasikan toko 1 dan toko 2 Ke dalam satu rute

34 Contoh saving matrix Step3: Mengalokasikan toko ke kendaraan/route
Pilih penghematan terbesar, gabungkan route tersebut, ulangi sampai kapasitas truk penuh atau mendekati penuh Hasil Route 1 : toko 1, toko 6, toko 7 Route 2 : toko 2, toko 8 Route 3 : toko 2, toko 4, toko 5

35 Contoh saving matrix Step4: Mengurutkan toko ke route terdefinisi :
Metode nearest insert Metode nearest neighbor

36 Mengurutkan tujuan dalam rute
Metode nearest insert G-1-G = 26 G-6-G = 12 G-7-G = 32 G-6-1-G = 25.4 G-6-7-G = 30.8

37 Mengurutkan tujuan dalam rute
Metode nearest nearest neighbor G-1 = G-6 = 6.4 yang paling dekat dg gd G-7 = 6-1 = 6.7 yang paling dekat dg 6 6-7 =

38 Crossdocking Vendor 1 Vendor 2 Vendor 3 Crossdocking Toko 1 Toko 3