Jurusan Teknik Informatika – FTI UPN “Veteran” Jawa Timur

Presentasi berjudul: "Jurusan Teknik Informatika – FTI UPN “Veteran” Jawa Timur"— Transcript presentasi:

1 Jurusan Teknik Informatika – FTI UPN “Veteran” Jawa Timur
Mobile Computing Pendahuluan Jurusan Teknik Informatika – FTI UPN “Veteran” Jawa Timur 2008

2 Tujuan Umum Membentuk dan menumbuhkan pengetahuan dan pemahaman mengenai konsep dasar komunikasi mobile dan nirkabel, yang mencakup teknologi jaringan, protokol, dan aplikasi. Membentuk dan menumbuhkan kemampuan dalam mengimplementasikan protokol maupun mengembangkan aplikasi-aplikasi mobile dan wireless sederhana. Modul 1 Pendahuluan

3 Tujuan Khusus Mahasiswa mengetahui dan mampu memahami dasar-dasar teknologi mobile dan nirkabel. Mahasiswa mampu memahami konsep yang melatarbelakangi perancangan protokol mobile dan nirkabel. Mahasiswa mampu mengembangkan aplikasi-aplikasi mobile dan wireless. Modul 1 Pendahuluan

4 Lingkup Bahasan Overview Sistem Komunikasi Bergerak:
Memberikan overview tentang frekuensi, transmisi radio, sinyal dan propagasi, multiplexing, modulasi, dan medium access control pada jaringan mobile dan wireless, spread spectrum, dan sistem seluler. Memberikan uraian mengenai arsitektur dan protokol beberapa teknologi komunikasi mobile. Aplikasi Internet Mobile berbasis WAP : Memberikan uraian mengenai beberapa implementasi dan tools untuk mendukung pengaksesan internet melalui perangkat mobile dan wireless. Pemrograman Divais berbasis JAVA : Memberikan uraian mengenai dasar-dasar pemrograman mobile devices. Modul 1 Pendahuluan

5 Jurusan Teknik Informatika – FTI UPN “Veteran” Jawa Timur
Mobile Computing Motivasi Jurusan Teknik Informatika – FTI UPN “Veteran” Jawa Timur 2008

6 Mengapa Wireless & Mobile
Trend pemakaian komputer & komunikasi mobile meningkat Aplikasi: – Kendaraan – Emergencies – Bisnis – Menggantikan wired networks – Hiburan – Layanan yang bergantung lokasi Modul 1 Pendahuluan

7 Masalah Pada Wireless & Mobile
Mobile device – Power consumption – Loss of data – Antar muka terbatas – Memori terbatas Wireless – Higher loss rate – Pembatasan frekuensi (regulasi) – Bandwidth kecil – Delay tinggi – Keamanan rendah – Shared medium Modul 1 Pendahuluan

8 Pengertian Nirkabel Sistem Komunikasi menggunakan frekuensi/spektrum radio, yang memungkinkan transmisi (pengiriman/penerimaan) informasi (suara, data, gambar, video) tanpa koneksi fisik Dibedakan dari sistem transmisi yang memerlukan koneksi fisik, seperti kabel/kawat tembaga atau fiber optik Bersifat tetap (fixed) atau bergerak (mobile) Dibatasi oleh ketersediaan spektrum (pita frekuensi), karena adanya interferensi (saling mengganggu) jika digunakan bersama Modul 1 Pendahuluan

9 Komunikasi Nirkabel Dapat dilakukan “dimana saja” (mobile)
Bisa bersifat lebih personal Dibatasi oleh sifat antarmuka terminal: Layar kecil (ponsel) sampai menengah (laptop) Tombol terbatas Daya terbatas Modul 1 Pendahuluan

10 Pemanfaatan Teknologi Nirkabel
Layanan Bersifat tetap (fixed): Penggunaan sekitar rumah (Cordless-DECT) Sambungan lokal (wireless local loop-WLL) Bluetooth: jarak pendek, kecepatan rendah WiFi: jarang menengah, kecepatan cukup tinggi WIMAX: jarak jauh, kecepatan tinggi Satellite: jangkauan luas, kecepatan menengah RFID: jangkauan sangat kecil Layanan Bersifat bergerak (mobile): Limited Mobility (Flexi) Cellular (GSM, CDMA, 3G) Satellite (GMPCS) Modul 1 Pendahuluan

11 Berbagai Teknologi Nirkabel
Degree of mobility Standing Walking Driving User data rate 10 Mbps IEEE a,d 1 100 HSDPA IEEE e WLAN (IEEE x) GSM GPRS DECT EDGE FlashOFDM (802.20) Systems beyond 3G >2010 0.1 BlueTooth UMTS CDMA EV-DO EV-DV Modul 1 Pendahuluan

12 ETSI HiperMAN & HIPERACCESS
Standard Nirkabel Sensors IEEE (Zigbee Alliance) RFID (AutoID Center) (BAN) BAN: Body Area Network RAN IEEE WAN 3GPP (GPRS/UMTS) 3GPP2 (1X--/CDMA2000) GSMA, OMA IEEE IEEE e IEEE , IEEE MAN IEEE d WiMAX ETSI HiperMAN & HIPERACCESS LAN IEEE Wi-Fi Alliance ETSI-BRAN HiperLAN2 ETSI HIPERMAN following 256 OFDM mode of a IEEE UWB, Bluetooth Wi-Media, BTSIG, MBOA PAN ETSI HiperPAN Modul 1 Pendahuluan

13 System Evolution Scenario
Maximum transmission rate 　TRmax（Mbps） Year 1000 100 10 1 0.1 1st Generation Analog voice 2nd Generation Digital voice & Low rate data 3rd Generation 0.01 2000 2005 2010 2015 ～1990 2G+ PDC,GSM,PHS, etc. 2G 3G W-CDMA, Cdma2000, etc. 3G+ HSDPA, cdma2000(3X), etc. 4G 1995 WLAN 802.11a,HiSWANa, HIPERLAN2, etc. Bluetooth, etc. UWB, etc. WLAN+ 802.11n, etc. WLAN++ Generation (Cellular) Mobile Local Nomadic 4th Generation ALL-IP Broadband Ubiquitous & Seamless Voice & High speed data Multimedia WiMAX Modul 1 Pendahuluan

14 GSM Evolution GSM CS Up to 9,6 Kbps GSM GPRS Up to 115 kbps UMTS Up to 2 Mbps or 384 in mobility GSM HSCSD Up to 38,4 kbps 2G 3G 2.5G EDGE Operators prefer choose direct going to GPRS technology rather than going to GSM HSCSD technology because no HSCSD handset availability and short time stage Modul 1 Pendahuluan

15 CDMA Standards Evolution
IS X 144 Kbps 600 Kbps peak IS-95A CDMA Voice, packet- 9.6/14.4 Kbps IS-95B CDMA Voice, packet- 64 Kbps IS XEV-DO 600 Kbps; 2.4 Kbps peak IS XEV-DV 2-5 Mbps peak All IP CDMA2000 PCN/Mobile IP CDMA2000 Interworking function cdmaOne Source: CDMA2000-A world view Modul 1 Pendahuluan

16 IMT-2000 (Family of Standards)
IMT-2000 Terrestrial Radio Interfaces IMT-2000 CDMA Direct Spread IMT-2000 CDMA Multi Carrier IMT-2000 CDMA TDD IMT-2000 TDMA Single Carrier IMT-2000 FDMA/ TDMA WCDMA (UMTS) CDMA2000 1X and 3X UTRA TDD And TD-SCDMA UWC-136/ EDGE DECT CDMA TDMA FDMA Modul 1 Pendahuluan

17 Berbagai jenis Content & Aplikasi
Modul 1 Pendahuluan

18 Intermezzo Modul 1 Pendahuluan

19 Wireless Communication & Achitecture Mobile Devices
Mobile Computing Wireless Communication & Achitecture Mobile Devices Jurusan Teknik Informatika – FTI UPN “Veteran” Jawa Timur 2008

20 4. Wireless Communication
Transmisis suara dan data menggunakan gelombang elektromagnetik menuju ruang bebas Gelombang elektromagnetik Kecepatan cahaya (c = 3x108 m/s) Memiliki frekuensi (f) dan panjang gelombang (l) c = f x l Penggunaan frekuensi lebih tinggi umumnya medium meredam lebih besar Modul 1 Pendahuluan

21 Spektrum frekuensi 104 102 100 10-2 10-4 10-6 10-8 10-10 10-12 10-14
10-16 Radio Spectrum Micro wave IR UV X-Rays Cosmic Rays 104 106 108 1010 1012 1014 1016 1018 1020 1022 1024 1MHz ==100m 100MHz ==1m 10GHz ==1cm Visible light < 30 KHz VLF KHz LF 300KHz – 3MHz MF 3 MHz – 30MHz HF 30MHz – 300MHz VHF 300 MHz – 3GHz UHF 3-30GHz SHF > 30 GHz EHF Modul 1 Pendahuluan

22 Contoh : panjang gelombang
GSM : Frekuensi ~= 900 Mhz Panjang gelombang ~= 33cm PCS Frekuensi ~= 1.8 Ghz Panjang gelombang ~= 17.5 cm Bluetooth: Frekuensi ~= 2.4Gz Panjang gelombang ~= 12.5cm Modul 1 Pendahuluan

23 Frequency Carrier/Kanal
Informasi yang dikirim menuju receiver dilewatkan pada band frekuensi tertentu. Disebut sebagai kanal (channel) Tiap kanal memiliki bandwidth yang tetap (dalam KHz) dan kapasitas (bit-rate) Band frekuensi yang berbeda (atau kanal) dapat digunakan untuk mentransmisikan informasi secara paralel dan independen (konsep multiple access). Modul 1 Pendahuluan

24 Example Assume a spectrum of 90KHz is allocated over a base frequency b for communication between stations A and B Assume each channel occupies 30KHz. There are 3 channels Each channel is simplex (Transmission occurs in one way) For full duplex communication: Use two different channels (front and reverse channels) Use time division in a channel Station A Channel 1 (b - b+30) Station B Channel 2 (b+30 - b+60) Channel 3 (b+60 - b+90) Modul 1 Pendahuluan

25 5. Simplex Communication
Normally, on a channel, a station can transmit only in one way. This is called simplex transmision To enable two-way communication (called full-duplex communication) We can use Frequency Division Multiplexing We can use Time Division Multiplexing Modul 1 Pendahuluan

26 Duplex Communication - FDD
FDD: Frequency Division Duplex Base Station B Mobile Terminal M Forward Channel Reverse Channel Forward Channel and Reverse Channel use different frequency bands Modul 1 Pendahuluan

27 Duplex Communication - TDD
TDD: Time Division Duplex Base Station B Mobile Terminal M M B M B M B A singe frequency channel is used. The channel is divided into time slots. Mobile station and base station transmits on the time slots alternately. Modul 1 Pendahuluan

28 Example - Frequency Spectrum Allocation in U.S. Cellular Radio Service
Reverse Channel Forward Channel 991 992 … 1023 1 2 … 799 991 992 … 1023 1 2 … 799 MHz MHz Channel Number Center Frequency (MHz) Reverse Channel 1 <=N <= 799 991 <= N <= 1023 0.030N 0.030(N-1023) Forward Channel 1 <=N <= 799 991 <= N <= 1023 0.030N 0.030(N-1023) (Channels are unused) Channel bandwidth is 45 MHz Modul 1 Pendahuluan

29 6. What is Mobility Initially Internet and Telephone Networks is designed assuming the user terminals are static No change of location during a call/connection A user terminals accesses the network always from a fixed location Mobility and portability Portability means changing point of attachment to the network offline Mobility means changing point of attachment to the network online Modul 1 Pendahuluan

30 Degrees of Mobility Walking Users Vehicles Low speed
Small roaming area Usually uses high-bandwith/low-latency access Vehicles High speeds Large roaming area Usually uses low-bandwidth/high-latency access Uses sophisticated terminal equipment (cell phones) Modul 1 Pendahuluan

31 What is Mobility Initially Internet and Telephone Networks is designed assuming the user terminals are static No change of location during a call/connection A user terminals accesses the network always from a fixed location Mobility and portability Portability means changing point of attachment to the network offline Mobility means changing point of attachment to the network online Modul 1 Pendahuluan

32 Mobile phone subscribers worldwide
Universität Karlsruhe Institut für Telematik Mobile phone subscribers worldwide Mobilkommunikation SS 1998 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 year Subscribers [million] GSM total TDMA total CDMA total PDC total Analogue total Total wireless Prediction (1998) Modul 1 Pendahuluan Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. G. Krüger E. Dorner / Dr. J. Schiller 32

33 Development of mobile telecommunication systems
Universität Karlsruhe Institut für Telematik Development of mobile telecommunication systems Mobilkommunikation SS 1998 CT0/1 FDMA AMPS CT2 NMT IMT-FT DECT IS-136 TDMA D-AMPS EDGE IMT-SC IS-136HS UWC-136 TDMA GSM GPRS PDC IMT-DS UTRA FDD / W-CDMA IMT-TC UTRA TDD / TD-CDMA CDMA IMT-TC TD-SCDMA IS-95 cdmaOne IMT-MC cdma2000 1X EV-DO cdma2000 1X 1X EV-DV (3X) 1G 2G 2.5G 3G Modul 1 Pendahuluan Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. G. Krüger E. Dorner / Dr. J. Schiller 33

34 GSM: overview OMC, EIR, AUC fixed network HLR GMSC NSS with OSS VLR
Universität Karlsruhe Institut für Telematik GSM: overview Mobilkommunikation SS 1998 OMC, EIR, AUC fixed network HLR GMSC NSS with OSS VLR MSC VLR MSC BSC BTS BSC BTS BTS RSS BSS BTS BTS MS Modul 1 Pendahuluan Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. G. Krüger E. Dorner / Dr. J. Schiller 34

35 GSM: elements and interfaces
Universität Karlsruhe Institut für Telematik GSM: elements and interfaces Mobilkommunikation SS 1998 radio cell BSS MS MS Um radio cell BSS: Base Station subsystem BTS: Base transfer station BSC: Base Station Controller MS: Mobile Station MSC: Mobile Switching Center VLR:Visitor Location Register HLR: Home location Register GMSC: Gateway MSC IWF: InterWorking Function AUC: Authentication Center EIR: Equipment Identity Register OMC: Operation and Maintenance Center PDN: Public Data Network PSTN: Public Switched Telephone Network ISDN: Integrated Service Digital Network MS RSS BTS BTS Abis BSC BSC A MSC MSC NSS VLR VLR signallng HLR ISDN, PSTN GMSC PDN IWF O OSS EIR AUC OMC Modul 1 Pendahuluan Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. G. Krüger E. Dorner / Dr. J. Schiller 35

36 GSM: system architecture
Universität Karlsruhe Institut für Telematik GSM: system architecture Mobilkommunikation SS 1998 radio subsystem network and switching subsystem fixed partner networks MS MS ISDN PSTN Um MSC Abis BTS BSC EIR BTS SS7 HLR VLR BTS BSC ISDN PSTN BTS A MSC BSS IWF PSPDN CSPDN Modul 1 Pendahuluan Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. G. Krüger E. Dorner / Dr. J. Schiller 36

37 System architecture: radio subsystem
Universität Karlsruhe Institut für Telematik System architecture: radio subsystem Mobilkommunikation SS 1998 radio subsystem network and switching subsystem MS MS Components MS (Mobile Station) BSS (Base Station Subsystem): consisting of BTS (Base Transceiver Station): sender and receiver BSC (Base Station Controller): controlling several transceivers Interfaces Um : radio interface Abis : standardized, open interface with 16 kbit/s user channels A: standardized, open interface with 64 kbit/s user channels Um Abis BTS BSC MSC BTS A BTS MSC BSC BTS BSS Modul 1 Pendahuluan Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. G. Krüger E. Dorner / Dr. J. Schiller 37

38 System architecture: network and switching subsystem
Universität Karlsruhe Institut für Telematik System architecture: network and switching subsystem Mobilkommunikation SS 1998 network subsystem fixed partner networks Components MSC (Mobile Services Switching Center): IWF (Interworking Functions) ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) PSPDN (Packet Switched Public Data Net.) CSPDN (Circuit Switched Public Data Net.) Databases HLR (Home Location Register) VLR (Visitor Location Register) EIR (Equipment Identity Register) ISDN PSTN MSC EIR SS7 HLR VLR ISDN PSTN MSC IWF PSPDN CSPDN Modul 1 Pendahuluan Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. G. Krüger E. Dorner / Dr. J. Schiller 38