SEJARAH PERKEMBANGAN Bioteknologi TANAMAN

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1 SEJARAH PERKEMBANGAN Bioteknologi TANAMAN
Dr. SUKENDAH

2 What is Biotechnology 􀂄 Biotechnology is the application of scientific and engneering principles to the processing of materials by biological agent to provide goods and services 􀂄 Aplikasi prinsip-prinsip ilmu dan rekayasa dalam pengolahan bahan-bahan menggunakan agen biologis untuk menghasilkan barang dan jasa

3 What is Biotechnology any technique that uses living organisms or substances from those organisms to make or modify a product, to improve plants or animals, or to develop micro-organisms for specific uses

4 What is Biotechnology manipulation of genes is called genetic engineering or recombinant DNA technology genetic engineering involves taking one or more genes from a location in one organism and either Transferring them to another organism Putting them back into the original organism in different combinations

5 Related Knowledge & Industry
Mikrobiologi Biologi Molekular Biokimia Biologi Sel Genetika Molekular Rekayasa Proses Bioteknologi Diagnosa Kesehatan Industri Kimia Industri Fermentasi Industri Farmasi Lingkungan dan Energi Industri Pangan dan Pakan

6 KONSEP DASAR BIOTEKNOLOGI
Biokimia, Biologi Sel dan Molekular, Genetika, Mikrobiologi, Ekologi, Sistematik Struktur dan Perkembangan Makhluk Hidup BIOTEKNOLOGI Kultur jaringan: Kloning (perbanyakan massal), tanaman bebas virus. Rekayasa Genetika: Teknik DNA Rekombinan TOTIPOTENSI SEL MATERIAL DNA MAKHLUK HIDUP: A, T, C, G ILMU TERAPAN

7 BIOTEKNOLOGI Teknologi Kunci Abad 21 KLASIK MODEREN
Fermentasi minuman beralkohol Pembuatan roti, keju, bir MODEREN KLASIK Akhir abad 19: antibiotik Abad 20: Ahli Biologi molekular: (biokimia, genetika, biologi sel) Teknologi Sel dan Rekayasa Genetika Bioteknologi Industri Kultur Jaringan Obat Makanan Proteksi Tan/Hwn Kloning

8 Goals of Biotechnology
To understand more about the processes of inheritance and gene expression To provide better understanding & treatment of various diseases, particularly genetic disorders To generate economic benefits, including improved plants and animals for agriculture and efficient production of valuable biological molecules

9 TAHAP PENTING PERKEMBANGAN BIOTEKNOLOGI MODERN
1944  DNA pembawa informasi genetik (Oswald Avery) 1953  struktur DNA (Watson and Crick) 1961  kodon (Nirenberg and Matthaei) 1968  ditemukan enzim endonuklease restriksi (Smith and Wilcox) 1971  Pembuatan DNA rekombinan secara in vitro (Paul Berg) 1973  teknik kombinasi gen berhasil dilakukan 1977  hormon tumbuh diproduksi di bakteri dengan teknik rekombinasi DNA diarsip fkip.uad.ac.id

10 1978  gen untuk insulin diperbanyak
1982  Humulin mulai dijual 1983  Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) (Kary Mullis) 1985  PCR dipublikasikan 1990  Human Genom Project 1990  Terapi gen pertama kali diaplikasikan 2000  Human Genom Project selesai

11 Sejarah Perkembangan Jaman sebelum Louis Pasteur:
Minuman beralkohol, makanan fermentasi Jaman Louis Pasteur: Alkohol, asam organik, pengolahan limbah Jaman antibiotika: Antibiotika, vaksin, transformasi obat Jaman pasca antibiotika: Asam amino, protein sel tunggal, imobilisasi Jaman bioteknologi modern: Antibodi monoklonal, rekayasa genetika

12 Drought-tolerance in APX-expressing plants
Water was withheld from transgenic tobacco plants that express ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and wildtype control plants (WT) for 18 days then the plants were re-watered for 2 days before the photograph was taken. Wildtype plants showed severe damaged while transgenic plants showed very little damage.

13 Insect Resistance Testing of “Bt” cotton for resistance to bollworms

14 Resistance to Fungal Disease
Transgenic Wild-type Sunflower White mold resistance Control and transgenic tomato plants that express an oxalate oxidase gene construct two days after inoculation with the phytopathogenic fungus Sclerotinia which causes stem-rot diseases in a wide variety of economically important plants.

15 Herbicide Resistance current: soybean, corn, canola, cotton, alfalfa
coming: sugarbeet (on hold), lettuce, strawberry, wheat (on hold), Turf grass resistance gene from bacteria is source

16 Modification of Cotton Fiber Length
Transgenic Cotton that Express KC22

17 Biological production

18 Food & Medicine production

19 Industrial Fermentation

20 Thank You