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Masalah Ekonomi: Terbatas, Keinginan, dan Pilihan
Bab 2
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Dlm Bab Ini Akan Dipelajari
Fondasi Ilmu Ekonomi Efisiensi Ekonomi Bagaimana Mencapai Pertumbuhan Ekonomi 2 Sistem Ekonomi Utk Memilih Keputusan Produksi & Konsumsi Model Circular flow
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Topik Bab II Fondasi Ilmu Ekonomi Sumber Daya (Resources)
Pengangguran & Pertumbuhan Sistem Ekonomi Model Circular Flow
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Fondasi Ilmu Ekonomi Masyarakat Selalu Mengalami Kebutuhan Yang Tidak Terbatas …
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Fondasi Ilmu Ekonomi Masyarakat Selalu Mengalami Kebutuhan Yang Tidak Terbatas … Tetapi Sumber Daya Terbatas…
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Sumber Daya (Resources)
Property Resources
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Sumber Daya (Resources)
Property Resources Tanah (Land)
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Sumber Daya (Resources)
Property Resources Tanah (Land) Modal (Capital)
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Sumber Daya (Resources)
Property Resources Tanah (Land) Modal (Capital) Notes.... INVESTMENT FINANCIAL CAPITAL REAL CAPITAL
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Sumber Daya (Resources)
Property Resources Tanah (Land) Modal (Capital) Human Resources Tenaga Kerja (Labour)
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Sumber Daya (Resources)
Property Resources Tanah (Land) Modal (Capital) Human Resources Tenaga Kerja (Labour) Kemampuan Entrepreneur
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Kemampuan Enterprenuer
Inisiatif Membuat Keputusan Inovasi Resiko
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Sumber Pembayaran LAND RENT CAPITAL INTEREST WAGES LABOUR PROFIT &
PROPERTY RESOURCES LAND RENT CAPITAL INTEREST HUMAN RESOURCES WAGES LABOUR ENTREPRENEUR PROFIT & LOSS
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Terbatas (Scarcity) resources Terbatas constraints Dlm produksi
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Topik Bab II Fondasi Ilmu Ekonomi Resources Unemployment, Growth
Sistem Ekonomi The Circular Flow Model
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Production Possibilities
Assumes: full employment & productive efficiency Resources Tetap Technology Tetap 2 Barang pizzas symbolize consumer goods industrial robots symbolize capital goods
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PRODUCTION POSSIBILITIES
10,000 Robot
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Menggunakan resources?
PRODUCTION POSSIBILITIES 10,000 Robot atau 400,000 Pizza Menggunakan resources?
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PRODUCTION POSSIBILITIES
10,000 Robot atau 400,000 Pizza Contoh....
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PRODUCTION POSSIBILITIES
PIZZA (dlm ratusan ribu) ROBOT (dlm ribuan)
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PRODUCTION POSSIBILITIES
PIZZA (dlm ratusan ribu) ROBOT (dlm ribuan)
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PRODUCTION POSSIBILITIES
PIZZA (in hundred thousands) ROBOTS (in thousands)
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PRODUCTION POSSIBILITIES
PIZZA (in hundred thousands) ROBOTS (in thousands)
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PRODUCTION POSSIBILITIES
PIZZA (in hundred thousands) ROBOTS (in thousands)
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PRODUCTION POSSIBILITIES
PIZZA (in hundred thousands) ROBOTS (in thousands)
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PRODUCTION POSSIBILITIES
PIZZA (in hundred thousands) ROBOTS (in thousands)
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PRODUCTION POSSIBILITIES
PIZZA (in hundred thousands) ROBOTS (in thousands) PRODUCTION POSSIBILITIES CURVE
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Pizzas (hundred thousands)
PRODUCTION POSSIBILITIES Grafik 2-1 Q Unattainable A B 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 C W Attainable and efficient Robots (thousands) D Robots (thousands) attainable but inefficient E Q Pizzas (hundred thousands)
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Production Possibilities
Law of Increasing Opportunity Costs: opportunity cost naik dengan Kenaikan Produksi Jika Menambah Pizza, Mengurangi Robot illustrated...
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PRODUCTION POSSIBILITIES
PIZZA (in hundred thousands) ROBOTS (in thousands) Opportunity Cost 1st Pizza unit =1 Robot unit 1 (hundred thousand) pizzas “cost” 1 (thousand) robots
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PRODUCTION POSSIBILITIES
PIZZA (in hundred thousands) ROBOTS (in thousands) Opportunity Cost 2nd Pizza unit =2 Robot units 1 (hundred thousand) pizzas “cost” 2 (thousand) robots
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PRODUCTION POSSIBILITIES
PIZZA (in hundred thousands) ROBOTS (in thousands) Opportunity Cost 3rd Pizza unit = 3 Robot units 1 (hundred thousand) pizzas “cost” 3 (thousand) robots
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PRODUCTION POSSIBILITIES
PIZZA (in hundred thousands) ROBOTS (in thousands) Opportunity Cost 4th Pizza unit = 4 Robot units 1 (hundred thousand) pizzas “cost” 4 (thousand) robots
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PRODUCTION POSSIBILITIES
PIZZA (in hundred thousands) ROBOTS (in thousands) Opportunity Cost 1st Pizza Unit = 1 Robot Unit Opportunity Cost 2nd Pizza Unit = 2 Robot Units Opportunity Cost 3rd Pizza Unit = 3 Robot Units Opportunity Cost 4th Pizza Unit = 4 Robot Units the more pizzas we make, the more each one costs, in terms of robot units foregone
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Production Possibilities
Law of Increasing Opportunity Costs: as we make more pizzas, the # of robots we have to give up (per pizza) increases so production possibilities curve gets steeper and steeper
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costs 1 robot unit 1st pizza unit
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2nd pizza unit costs 2 robot units
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3rd pizza unit costs 3 robot units
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the more pizza we make, the more robots we have to give up the steeper the curve
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Topik Bab II Fondasi Ilmu Ekonomi Resources Unemployment, Growth
Sistem Ekonomi Model Circular Flow
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Pizzas (hundred thousands)
Production Possibilities Curve Grafik 2-2 Q Unemployment & Underemployment Di Titik U 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Robots (thousands) Robots (thousands) U Q Pizzas (hundred thousands)
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Pizzas (hundred thousands)
Production Possibilities Curve grafik2-3 Q Unemployment & Underemployment Di Ttitik U 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 U Robots (thousands) Robots (thousands) Q Pizzas (hundred thousands)
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Production Possibilities Curve
Pertumbuhan Ekonomi: Bergeser Ke Sebelah kanan Disebabkan Oleh.... 1. Pertambahan Dlm resource supplies 2. Kenaikan technology
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Pizzas (hundred thousands)
PRODUCTION POSSIBILITIES garfik 2-4 A’ Q 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Economic Growth B’ C’ Robots (thousands) D’ E’ Q Pizzas (hundred thousands)
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Topik Bab II Fondasi Ilmu Ekonomi Resources Unemployment, Growth
Sistem ekonomi Model Circular Flow
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Economic Systems resource allocation methods differ according to:
resource ownership co-ordination method
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Sistem Pasar Swasta Pemilik Resources
Aksi Independen Pembeli dan Penjual Peranan Pemerintah Terbatas
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Sistem Komando socialism, communism government Memiliki resources
Perencanaan Terpusat
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Chapter 2 Topics Fondasi Ilmu Ekonomi Resources Unemployment, Growth
Sistem ekonomi Model Circular Flow
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Circular Flow Model Grafik 2-5 BUSINESSES
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Circular Flow Model Grafik 2-5 BUSINESSES HOUSEHOLDS
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Circular Flow Model Grafik 2-5 RESOURCE MARKET BUSINESSES HOUSEHOLDS
RESOURCES INPUTS BUSINESSES HOUSEHOLDS
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Circular Flow Model Grafik 2-5 RESOURCE MARKET BUSINESSES HOUSEHOLDS
$ COSTS $ INCOMES RESOURCE MARKET RESOURCES INPUTS BUSINESSES HOUSEHOLDS
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Circular Flow Model Grafik 2-5 RESOURCE MARKET BUSINESSES PRODUCT
$ COSTS $ INCOMES RESOURCE MARKET RESOURCES INPUTS BUSINESSES HOUSEHOLDS GOODS & SERVICES GOODS & SERVICES PRODUCT MARKET
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Circular Flow Model Grafik 2-5 RESOURCE MARKET BUSINESSES PRODUCT
$ COSTS $ INCOMES RESOURCE MARKET RESOURCES INPUTS BUSINESSES HOUSEHOLDS GOODS & SERVICES GOODS & SERVICES PRODUCT MARKET $ CONSUMPTION $ REVENUE
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Topik Bab II Fondasi Ilmu Ekonomi Resources Unemployment, Growth
Sistem ekonomi Model Circular Flow
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Permintaan dan Penawaran
Berikut Permintaan dan Penawaran Bab 3
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