Chapter 1 Introduction to Databases © Pearson Education Limited 1995, 2005 Prodi Ilmu Komputer, UAD, 2007 Prepared by Tawar, S.Si, M.Kom.

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1 Chapter 1 Introduction to Databases © Pearson Education Limited 1995, 2005 Prodi Ilmu Komputer, UAD, 2007 Prepared by Tawar, S.Si, M.Kom

2 Prodi Sistem Informasi, UAD, 2010 Chapter 1 – Topik : Contoh penggunaan database systems. Karakteristik file-based system. Masalah-masalah pada file-based system. Pengertian database. Pengertian Database Management System (DBMS). © Pearson Education Limited 1995, 2005

3 Prodi Sistem Informasi, UAD, 2010 Chapter 1 – Topik : Fungsi-fungsi DBMS. Komponen DBMS. Personil dalam lingkungan DBMS. Sejarah dan perkembangan DBMS. Keuntungan dan kerugian DBMS. © Pearson Education Limited 1995, 2005

4 Prodi Sistem Informasi, UAD, 2010 Examples of Database Applications Pembayaran pada super market Pembayaran menggunakan credit card Pemesanan tiket pada travel agents Sirkulasi perpustakaan Pengelolaan nasabah asuransi Penyewaan VCD Penyewaan internet Sistem Informasi Akademik, dll © Pearson Education Limited 1995, 2005

5 Prodi Sistem Informasi, UAD, 2010 File-Based Approach - traditional Kumpulan program aplikasi yang memberikan layanan kepada end user (misal laporan) Masing-masing program memiliki dan mengelola data sendiri-sendiri © Pearson Education Limited 1995, 2005

6 Prodi Sistem Informasi, UAD, 2010 File-Based Processing © Pearson Education Limited 1995, 2005

7 Prodi Sistem Informasi, UAD, 2010 Keterbatasan File-Based System Data saling terpisah dan terisolasi ◦ Masing-masing program mengelola data sendiri. ◦ User suatu program tidak memahami adana data penting pada program yang lain Duplikasi data ◦ Data yang sama ditangani oleh beberapa program berbeda ◦ Boros media penyimpan © Pearson Education Limited 1995, 2005

8 Prodi Sistem Informasi, UAD, 2010 Keterbatasan File-Based System (lanjutan) Data dependence ◦ Struktur file/data didefinisikan pada program. Incompatible file formats ◦ Program ditulis dengan bahasa pemrograman sehingga tidak mudah untuk saling akses Fixed Queries/Proliferation of application programs ◦ Program ditulis untuk fungsi-fungsi khusus ◦ Jika ada kebutuhan baru maka harus dibuat program baru. © Pearson Education Limited 1995, 2005

9 Prodi Sistem Informasi, UAD, 2010 Database Approach – pendekatan baru Alasan : ◦ Definisi data diletakkan berdampingan dengan program aplikasi, tidak benar-benar terpisah dan tidak independen. ◦ No control over access and manipulation of data beyond that imposed by application programs. Result: ◦ Memicu munculnya database and Database Management System (DBMS). © Pearson Education Limited 1995, 2005

10 Prodi Sistem Informasi, UAD, 2010 Database Management System (DBMS) © Pearson Education Limited 1995, 2005

11 Prodi Sistem Informasi, UAD, 2010 Database / Basis Data Kumpulan data yang secara logika saling berhubungan, dapat digunakan bersama-sama(share), dan Shared collection of logically related data (and a description of this data), dirancang untuk memenuhi kebutuhan organisasi. System catalog (metadata) provides description of data to enable program–data independence. Data-data yang secara logika saling terhubung meliputi entitas, atribut dan relatioship yang melekat pada organisasi ybs. © Pearson Education Limited 1995, 2005

12 Prodi Sistem Informasi, UAD, 2010 Database Management System (DBMS) Sistem software yang memberikan kemudahan kepada user untuk mendefinisikan, membuat, merawat dan mengendalikan akses ke database Contoh : MySQL, MS Access, Oracle, Paradoks, Sybase, PostGre-SQL, MS-SQL, Program application (Database) : program komputer yang berinteraksi ke database dengan cara mengirimkan request (berupa perintah SQL) ke DBMS. © Pearson Education Limited 1995, 2005

13 Prodi Sistem Informasi, UAD, 2010 Perintah SQL Data definition language (DDL). ◦ Untuk mendefinisikan/mengatur spesifikasi data types, structures and any data constraints. ◦ All specifications are stored in the database. Data manipulation language (DML). ◦ Bahasa query, untuk memanfaatkan data. © Pearson Education Limited 1995, 2005

14 Prodi Sistem Informasi, UAD, 2010 Database Approach Kendali akses ke database meliputi : ◦ a security system ◦ an integrity system ◦ a concurrency control system ◦ a recovery control system ◦ a user-accessible catalog. © Pearson Education Limited 1995, 2005

15 Prodi Sistem Informasi, UAD, 2010 Views Sarana untuk melihat data secara partial sesuai kebutuhan Merupakan subset dari database. Contoh : data detail mahasiswa dilihat oleh ◦ Dosen Wali: data akademik detail per mahasiswa ◦ Kaprodi: jumlah per angkatan ◦ Dekan: jumlah per prodi ◦ Ka BAA: jumlah peserta wisuda ◦ Rektor: waktu tempuh masing-masing prodi © Pearson Education Limited 1995, 2005

16 Prodi Sistem Informasi, UAD, 2010 Manfaat View Memperkecil komplesitas Menjaga aspek multilevel security Memungkinkan untuk mengubah tampilan database Menjaga konsistensi tampilan meskipun database mengalami perubahan. Present a consistent, unchanging picture of the structure of the database, even if the underlying database is changed © Pearson Education Limited 1995, 2005

17 Prodi Sistem Informasi, UAD, 2010 Components of DBMS Environment © Pearson Education Limited 1995, 2005

18 Prodi Sistem Informasi, UAD, 2010 Components of DBMS Environment Hardware ◦ Can range from a PC to a network of computers. Software ◦ DBMS, operating system, network software (if necessary) and also the application programs. Data ◦ Used by the organization and a description of this data called the schema. © Pearson Education Limited 1995, 2005

19 Prodi Sistem Informasi, UAD, 2010 Components of DBMS Environment Procedures ◦ Instructions and rules that should be applied to the design and use of the database and DBMS. People © Pearson Education Limited 1995, 2005

20 Prodi Sistem Informasi, UAD, 2010 Roles in the Database Environment Data Administrator (DA) Database Administrator (DBA) Database Designers (Logical and Physical) Application Programmers End Users (naive and sophisticated) © Pearson Education Limited 1995, 2005

21 Prodi Sistem Informasi, UAD, 2010 History of Database Systems First-generation ◦ Hierarchical and Network Second generation ◦ Relational Third generation ◦ Object-Relational ◦ Object-Oriented © Pearson Education Limited 1995, 2005

22 Prodi Sistem Informasi, UAD, 2010 Advantages of DBMSs Mengendalikan redundansi data Data consistency More information from the same amount of data Sharing of data Improved data integrity Improved security Enforcement of standards Economy of scale © Pearson Education Limited 1995, 2005

23 Prodi Sistem Informasi, UAD, 2010 Advantages of DBMSs Menyeimbangkan konflik kepentingan Meningkatkan accessibility dan responsiveness Meningkatkan prduktivitas Mudah dalam maintenance Meningkatkan concurrency Memudahkan langkah backup dan recovery © Pearson Education Limited 1995, 2005

24 Prodi Sistem Informasi, UAD, 2010 Disadvantages of DBMSs Complexity Size Cost of DBMS Additional hardware costs Cost of conversion Performance Higher impact of a failure © Pearson Education Limited 1995, 2005