TRAUMA UROGENITAL Anatomi Ginjal Ureter Buli buli Uretra.

Presentasi berjudul: "TRAUMA UROGENITAL Anatomi Ginjal Ureter Buli buli Uretra."— Transcript presentasi:

1 TRAUMA UROGENITAL Anatomi Ginjal Ureter Buli buli Uretra

2 TRAUMA UROGENITAL Anatomi Ginjal Ureter Buli buli Uretra

3 Ginjal Sepasang organ seperti kacang
Terletak retroperitonel diregio lumbal superior Dilapisi oleh 3 lapis jaringan penunjang: kapsul ginjal kapsul adipose dan fasia renalis

4 Ureter Tubulus muscular yang menghubungkan ginjal ke buli buli
Terletak di belakang rongga peritoneum (retroperitoneal) Panjang 25 – 30 cm

5 TRAUMA GINJAL Trauma Ginjal * Otot-otot lumbal * Iga * Vertebrae
Sering 8-10% trauma tumpul / tajam abdomen Separuh dari kejadian trauma urogenital Di proteksi : * Otot-otot lumbal * Iga * Vertebrae

6 Angka kesakitan / kematian ok trauma ginjal tergantung :
Derajat trauma Keterlibatan trauma organ lain Fasilitas penanggulangan trauma

7 Buli-buli Buli buli normal dapat menampung 350 – 450 mL urine
Drainase kendung kemih bermuara ke vena iliaca interna

8 Uretra Tabung yang menyalurkan urine ke luar dari buli-buli
Secara anatomis uretra dibagi menjadi 2 bagian : Uretra posterior dan Uretra anterior

9 Mekanisme Trauma Trauma tumpul -> penyebab trauma
Langsung, tidak langsung Trauma tumpul langsung KLL Olah raga Kecelakaan kerja Perkelahian

10 Trauma tumpul tidak langsung
* Jatuh dari ketinggian * KLL  menyebabkan pergerakan ginjal tiba-tiba dlm rongga retro peritonium  Avulsi pedikel ginjal Robekan tunika intima

11 Bisa juga oleh trauma iatrogenik
Pemasangan kateter di atas ureter Pengambilan biopsi ginjal Infeksi tidak langsung Klasifikasi * Ada beberapa macam * Ditentukan oleh luas dan penatalaksanaan

12 Cedera Ginjal * Minor * Mayor * Vaskuler Cedera Minor 90% trauma ginjal Kontusio ginjal Laserasi parenkim superficial

13 Cedera Mayor Laserasi korteks, medula tanpa ekstravasasi Laserasi korteks, medula dengan ekstravasasi Cedera Vaskuler Avulsi Trombosis

14 Berdasarkan AAST ( American for The Surgery of Trauma )

15 Berdasarkan AAST ( American for The Surgery of Trauma )
Dibagi 5 derajat Derajat 1 Kontusio ginjal /subkapsularhematom Tidak meluas Hematuria dengan normal imaging

16 Derajat 2 Hematom perineal Tdk meluas ke retroperitonium Laserasi superficial ( < 1cm ) Tdk melibatkan collecting systim Derajat 3 Renal laserasi ( > 2cm ) Sub capsular hematom Perinephric hematom

17 Derajat 4 Laserasi yang meluas ke collecting systim Extravasasi Trauma vasculer  segmental infark

18 Derajat 5 Shattered kidney Devaskularisasi / oklusi / trombosis arteri / vena utama Laserasi komplit Extravasasi UPJ avulsi

19 Pemeriksaan Radiologi
Foto polos abdomen IVP ( Intra Vena Pyelografi ) USG ( Ultra Sonographi ) CT Scan abdomen / Whole abdomen uretrocistografi

20 IVP. Melihat ekstravasasi urin / kontras
IVP * Melihat ekstravasasi urin / kontras * Tidak bisa mendeteksi trauma ginjal derajat I, II * Fungsi ginjal kontra lateral USG * Melihat hemoperitoneum * Tdk dianjurkan utk evaluasi trauma ginjal * Dengan color doppler  melihat vaskuler

21 CT Scan Pemeriksaan yang sensitif dan spesifik Menentukan derajat trauma Tidak invasif Dpt mengevaluasi organ lain ( hepar , lien , aorta ) kontras non kontras Angiografi Invasif Delayed renal bleeding-pseudo-aneurisma

22 IVP normal

23 USG ginjal normal

24 CT scan ginjal normal

25 Gambar 1. Kidney trauma. Absent nephrogram
Gambar 1. Kidney trauma. Absent nephrogram. Abdominal radiograph after intravenous contrast administration in a patient with hypotension after a motor vehicle collision shows absent right nephrogram

26 Gambar 2. Kidney trauma. Grade 3 renal laceration on abdominal radiograph. Abdominal radiograph after intravenous contrast administration shows very diminished left nephrogram and no urinary contrast extravasation

27 Gambar 3. Kidney trauma. Grade 5 renal injury
Gambar 3. Kidney trauma. Grade 5 renal injury. Shattered kidney with renal vein thrombosis (incomplete). Abdominal radiograph after intravenous contrast administration shows absent right nephrogram

28 Gambar 4 Kidney trauma. Grade 1 renal injury, contusion
Gambar 4 Kidney trauma. Grade 1 renal injury, contusion. Image from a contrast-enhanced CT scan of the abdomen in a patient with hematuria after a motor vehicle collision shows ill-defined area of hypoenhancement in the medial right kidney.

29 Gambar. 5. Kidney trauma. Grade 1 renal injury, subcapsular hematoma
Gambar. 5. Kidney trauma. Grade 1 renal injury, subcapsular hematoma. CT scan of the abdomen with intravenous contrast in a patient after a motor vehicle collision shows crescentic high-density fluid collection around the left kidney. Note the well-defined outer margin

30 Gambar 6. Kidney trauma. Grade 1 renal injury, subcapsular hematoma
Gambar 6. Kidney trauma. Grade 1 renal injury, subcapsular hematoma. CT scan of the abdomen with intravenous contrast in a patient after a motor vehicle collision; shows crescentic high-density fluid collection around the left kidney. Note the well-defined outer margin and the mild deformity of the renal parenchyma

31 Derajat II dan III Gambar 6. Kidney trauma. Grade 2 renal injury, subcapsular and perinephric hematomas. Contrast-enhanced CT scan of the abdomen on a patient with hematuria after a motor vehicle collision shows an ill-defined fluid collection in the left perinephric space. There is also a subcapsular hematoma with deformity of the renal parenchyma

32 Gambar 7 Kidney trauma. Grade 2 renal injury, perinephric hematoma
Gambar 7 Kidney trauma. Grade 2 renal injury, perinephric hematoma. Contrast-enhanced CT scan of the abdomen on a patient with hematuria after a motor vehicle collision shows an ill-defined fluid collection in the left perinephric space

33 Gambar 8. Kidney trauma. Grade 3 renal laceration with normal one-shot intravenous pyelogram. CT scan through the kidneys after intravenous contrast on the same patient as in Image 1 shows renal laceration and perinephric hematoma.

34 Gambar 9 Kidney trauma. Grade 2 renal laceration
Gambar 9 Kidney trauma. Grade 2 renal laceration. Contrast-enhanced CT scan of the abdomen after a motor vehicle collision shows a superficial (less than 1 cm deep) renal parenchymal defect with a large perinephric hematoma

35 Gambar 10. Kidney trauma. Grade 2 renal laceration
Gambar 10. Kidney trauma. Grade 2 renal laceration. Delayed image shows no urinary contrast extravasation. Contrast-enhanced CT scan of the abdomen after a motor vehicle collision shows a superficial (<1 cm deep) renal parenchymal defect with a large perinephric hematoma

36 Gambar 11. Kidney trauma. Grade 3 renal laceration
Gambar 11. Kidney trauma. Grade 3 renal laceration. CT scan of the abdomen after intravenous contrast administration shows irregular nonenhancing renal parenchymal defect with extension greater than 1 cm deep to near the renal pelvis. no urinary contrast extravasation

37 Gambar 12. Kidney trauma. Grade 3 renal laceration
Gambar 12. Kidney trauma. Grade 3 renal laceration. CT scan of the abdomen after intravenous contrast administration shows irregular nonenhancing renal parenchymal defect with extension greater than 1 cm deep to near the renal pelvis. This delayed image showed no urinary contrast extravasation.

38 Derajat IV Gambar13 Kidney trauma. Grade 4-5 renal injury. Lacerations extending to the collecting system. Contrast-enhanced CT scan of the abdomen in a patient with hematuria after a motor vehicle collision shows deep lacerations extending into the collecting system of the right kidney. Extension into the collecting system is confirmed by urinary contrast extravasation on delayed image through the kidney in excretory phase

39 Gamba14. Kidney trauma. Grade 4-5 renal injury
Gamba14. Kidney trauma. Grade 4-5 renal injury. Lacerations extending to the collecting system. Contrast-enhanced CT scan of the abdomen in a patient with hematuria after a motor vehicle collision shows deep lacerations extending into the collecting system of the right kidney (Image 22). Extension into the collecting system is confirmed by urinary contrast extravasation on this delayed image through the kidney in excretory phase

40 Gambar 15. Kidney trauma. Grade 4 renal injury segmental infarction
Gambar 15. Kidney trauma. Grade 4 renal injury segmental infarction. Contrast-enhanced CT scan of the upper abdomen shows a segmental area of nonenhancement in the upper medial left kidney without associated renal laceration

41 Gambar 16. Kidney trauma. Grade 4 renal injury segmental infarction
Gambar 16. Kidney trauma. Grade 4 renal injury segmental infarction. Contrast-enhanced CT scan of the upper abdomen in another patient after a motor vehicle collision shows a segmental area of nonenhancement in the upper medial left kidney without associated renal laceration

42 Derajat V Gambar 17. Kidney trauma. Grade 5 renal injury. Shattered kidney. Contrast-enhanced CT scan of the abdomen in a patient with hematuria and hypotension after a motor vehicle collision shows transection of the right kidney with a large hematoma around and between the 2 halves of the kidney. The 2 halves are both perfused because there were 2 renal arteries Delayed images show urinary contrast extravasation

43 Gambar 18. Kidney trauma. Grade 5 renal injury. Shattered kidney
Gambar 18. Kidney trauma. Grade 5 renal injury. Shattered kidney. Contrast-enhanced CT scan of the abdomen in a patient with hematuria and hypotension after a motor vehicle collision shows transection of the right kidney with a large hematoma around and between the 2 halves of the kidney. The 2 halves are both perfused because there were 2 renal arteries. Delayed images show urinary contrast extravasation

44 Gambar 19 Kidney trauma. Grade 5 renal injury. Shattered kidney
Gambar 19 Kidney trauma. Grade 5 renal injury. Shattered kidney. Contrast-enhanced CT scan of the abdomen in a patient with hematuria and hypotension after a motor vehicle collision shows transection of the right kidney with a large hematoma around and between the 2 halves of the kidney. The 2 halves are both perfused because there were 2 renal arteries Delayed images show urinary contrast extravasation

45 Gambar 20. Kidney trauma. Grade 5 renal injury. Shattered kidney
Gambar 20. Kidney trauma. Grade 5 renal injury. Shattered kidney. Contrast-enhanced CT scan of the abdomen in a patient with hematuria and hypotension after a motor vehicle collision shows transection of the right kidney with a large hematoma around and between the 2 halves of the kidney. The 2 halves are both perfused because there were 2 renal arteries. Delayed images show urinary contrast extravasation

46 Gambar 21. Kidney trauma. Grade 5 renal injury
Gambar 21. Kidney trauma. Grade 5 renal injury. Shattered kidney with renal vein thrombosis (incomplete). CT scan of the abdomen with intravenous contrast administration shattered right kidney and renal vein thrombus extending slightly into the inferior vena cava

47 Gambar 22. Kidney trauma. Normal ultrasound with grade 5 renal injury
Gambar 22. Kidney trauma. Normal ultrasound with grade 5 renal injury. Ultrasound gray-scale image of a patient involved in a motor vehicle collision shows what appears to be a normal right kidney

48 Gambar 23 Kidney trauma. Grade 5 renal injury
Gambar 23 Kidney trauma. Grade 5 renal injury. Color Doppler ultrasound of same motor vehicle collision patient as in Image 4 shows no blood flow within the right kidney.

49 4.Arteriografy Gambar 24. Kidney trauma. Active vascular contrast extravasation. Catheter angiography during arterial phase on the same patient as in Image 40 shows a small pseudoaneurysm at the lower pole

50 gambar 25. Kidney trauma. Active vascular contrast extravasation
gambar 25. Kidney trauma. Active vascular contrast extravasation. Catheter angiography during nephrographic phase in the same patient as in Image 41 shows a small pseudoaneurysm at the lower pole

51 gambar 26. Kidney trauma. Active vascular contrast extravasation
gambar 26. Kidney trauma. Active vascular contrast extravasation. Pseudoaneurysm at the lower pole in the same patient as in Image 42 was embolized by using a coil.

52 Trauma Ureter Ureter  jalur transportasi dari ginjal ke buli-buli
Trauma ureter  mengganggu fungsi ginjal Trauma mengenai pinggang, punggung  resiko mengenai ureter ok * Lokasi terlindungi * Ukuran kecil * Mobilitas / fleksibel  trauma ureter  jarang

53 Etiologi Trauma Luar a. Tajam b. Tumpul Iatrogenik  a. Ginekologis b. Pembedahan rektum c. Endoskopi

54 Pemeriksaan Radiologi
IVP ( Intra Vena Pyelografi ) RPG ( Retro Grade Pyelografi ) USG ( Ultra Sono Grafi ) CT Scan Abdomen

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57 Trauma Vesika Urinaria
Disebabkan : Trauma - Tumpul - Tajam - Iatrogenik Didaerah pelvis / abdomen bawah/ perineum 60-85 %  trauma tumpul 15-40 %  trauma tajam

58 Ruptur vesika urinaria : ke
Ekstra peritoneum Intra peritoneum Keduanya Kontusio Vesika Urinaria Sobekan sebagian mkosa vesika urinaria Dinding  memar  hematom Pemeriksaan : Sistografi CT scan abdomen - pelvis

59 Kontusio Vesika Urinaria
Normal Tear Drop Mudah sembuh Ruptur Vesika Urinaria Terlihat ekstravasasi kontras - ekstra peritonial - intra peritonial Dengan CT Scan  dpt juga mengevaluasi organ lain

60 Pear shaped appearance

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64 TRAUMA URETRA Uretra laki-laki lebih panjang dari wanita
Dihubungkan dgn trauma daerah pelvis yg cukup berat Etiologi Trauma tumpul Trauma tembus Iatrogenik

65 Anatomi Uretra posterior  * uretra prostatika * uretra membranosa Uretra anterior  3 segmen : * pars bulosa * pars pendulans * pars glanularis sampai ke meatus uretra externa

66 Diagnosa Berdasarkan gejala klinik Pemeriksaan penunjang  radiologi RUG ( Retrograde Uretrografi ) Klasifikasi trauma uretra  Hasil RUG Klasifikasi  Gold Man yaitu : “Berdasarkan Kerusakan Anatomi “

67 Ada 5 tipe Tipe 1 . Ruptur ligamentum puboprostatika . Prostate bergeser ke posterior . Uretra tetap intak . Tdk ada extra vasasi zat kontras

68 Tipe 2 Trauma uretra posterior & diafragma urogenital Terlihat extravasasi kontras dlm pelvis extra peritoneal Zat kontras tdk ada dalam perineum

69 Tipe 3 Tipe yang sering Kerusakan meluas
Terlihat extravasasi kontras pada rongga pelvis extra peritoneal dan perineum

70 Tipe 4 Terjadi dekat buli-buli meluas ke uretra proximal Extravasasi kontras pada pelvis extra peritoneal & sekitar proximal uretra Dapat merusak sfingter uretra interna

71 Tipe 5 Terjadi di uretra anterior
Terlihat extravasasi kontras bagian inferior diafragma urogenital

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85 TERIMA KASIH