Introduction Irrigation and drainage Systems LAB. SUMBERDAYA ALAM DAN LINGKUNGAN UB PUSAT STUDI LINGKUNGAN HIDUP UB BAMBANG RAHADI.

Presentasi berjudul: "Introduction Irrigation and drainage Systems LAB. SUMBERDAYA ALAM DAN LINGKUNGAN UB PUSAT STUDI LINGKUNGAN HIDUP UB BAMBANG RAHADI."— Transcript presentasi:

1 Introduction Irrigation and drainage Systems LAB. SUMBERDAYA ALAM DAN LINGKUNGAN UB PUSAT STUDI LINGKUNGAN HIDUP UB BAMBANG RAHADI

2 Surface Irrigation Methods -- Discussion 3 1.BAHASAN-- 1.APA YANG DIMAKSUD IRIGASI PERMUKAAN? 2.METODE APA YANG DIGUNAKAN? 3.BERAPA LUAS? BERAPA JARAK DARI SALURAN UTAMA? 4.PERLUKAH MEMPERGUNAKAN AIRTANAH? 2. EFISIENSI 1. BAGAIMANA DENGAN KONDISI LAHAN DI INDONESIA? 2.BAGAIMANA CARA PENGUKURAN? 3. KESESUAIAN LAHAN– 1.BAGAIMANA LAYANAN YANG EFISIEN UNTUK PETANI.

3 IRIGASI PERMUKAAN WATER FLOWS ACROSS THE SOIL SURFACE TO THE POINT OF INFILTRATION OLDEST IRRIGATION METHOD AND MOST WIDELY USED WORLD-WIDE (90%) AND IN U.S. (60%) USED PRIMARILY ON AGRICULTURAL

4 Surface Irrigation Systems Water spreading Types of Surface Irrigation Systems  Basins  Borders  Furrows Water Supply and Management  Inlet Control  Land Leveling  Wastewater Recovery and Reuse Surface Irrigation Structures  Diversion Structures  Management Structures  Field Distribution Structures

5 Types of Surface Irrigation Systems – Water Spreading Water Spreading Water Spreading  Relatively flat fields -- allow water to find its own way across the surface  Minimal preparation and investment  Rather inefficient

6 Types of Surface Irrigation Systems -- Basins Basin Basin  Dikes used to surround an area and allow for water ponding (no runoff)  Basins are usually level

7 Types of Surface Irrigation Systems -- Borders Border Border  Strips of land with dikes on the sides  Usually graded but with no cross slope  Downstream end may be diked

8 Types of Surface Irrigation Systems -- Furrows Furrow Furrow  Small channels carry the water (entire surface is not wet)  Commonly used on row crops  Lateral as well as vertical infiltration  Furrows are usually graded

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10 Land Leveling

11 Methods of water supply  siphon  Sekat balok

12 Reuse

13 Surface Irrigation Structures – Measurement Devices

14 Surface Irrigation Structures – Field Distribution Devices

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16 Evaluation of Surface Irrigation Systems – Infiltration Evaluation of Surface Irrigation Systems – Infiltration

17 Evaluation of Surface Irrigation Systems – Flow Geometry Evaluation of Surface Irrigation Systems – Flow Geometry

18 Evaluation of Surface Irrigation Systems – Field Inflow Evaluation of Surface Irrigation Systems – Field Inflow

19 Evaluation of Surface Irrigation Systems – Field Outflow Evaluation of Surface Irrigation Systems – Field Outflow

20 Evaluation of Surface Irrigation Systems – Advance/Recession Evaluation of Surface Irrigation Systems – Advance/Recession

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22 Surface Irrigation Hydraulics Advance Advance  Air bergerak dari masukan sampai keluaran di  Curve of Time vs. Distance is NOT linear  1/3 waktu pembasahan digunakan untuk mencapai tengah

23 Surface Irrigation Recession Recession  Proses air meninggalkan permukaan, setelan masukan dihentikan airanya.  Biasanya dimulai dari hulu pintu masukan.  plotted as Time vs. Distance  Lebih datar dibandingkan curva pembasahan.

24 Surface Irrigation Hydraulics Infiltration Infiltration  Opportunity Time: difference between Recession and Advance curves  Infiltration Depth: a function of the opportunity time and the infiltration class (rate) of the soil

25 Curve of Time Vs. Distance Distance from inlet end (ft)

26 Opportunity Time

27 Infiltration vs. Opportunity Time

28 Infiltration Profile

29 Uniformity Ketersediaan tidak seragam karena kurca recession dan advance tidak paralel. Ketersediaan tidak seragam karena kurca recession dan advance tidak paralel. Factors affecting Factors affecting  Laju pemasukan air  Slope  Infiltrasi  Kekasaran (koefisien manning)  Bentuk alur  Waktu pemasukan  Panjang alur

30 Efficiency Volume balance Volume balance  V g = V z + V s + V r  g  gross  z  infiltration  s  surface storage  r  runoff (or depth basis): d g = d z + d s + d r (or depth basis): d g = d z + d s + d r Part of infiltration may go to deep percolation Part of infiltration may go to deep percolation

31 Single furrow: Single furrow: Furrow set: Furrow set: Basin/border: Basin/border:

32 Example Problem

33 Example Problem Contd…

34 Other Design and Management Considerations Maximum non-erosive stream size: Maximum non-erosive stream size:  q max = maximum non-erosive stream size (gpm)  S = field slope (%) Set time and cutoff ratio: Set time and cutoff ratio:  CR = cutoff ratio  t L = advance time to the end of the field  t co = set time  Low CR's: rapid advance, good uniformity, high runoff  High CR's: slow advance, poor uniformity, low runoff

35 Improving Irrigation Efficiency Alternate furrow irrigation Alternate furrow irrigation  Increases advance time, but reduces average infiltration depth (twice the width) Cutback irrigation Cutback irrigation  Use large inflow rate during advance, and then reduce the inflow to match the soil's steady-state infiltration rate  Intensive management is required

36 Improving Irrigation Efficiency Cont’d Land smoothing and laser grading Land smoothing and laser grading  Helps to improve uniformity Surge irrigation Surge irrigation  Alternate on-off periods for applying water  Achieve higher efficiencies and uniformities in some soils  Lends itself to semi-automation

37 Runoff recovery systems Runoff recovery systems  Drainage ditches for collecting and conveying runoff to the reservoir  Reservoir for storing the runoff water  Inlet facilities to the reservoir (including desilting basin)  Pump and power unit  Conveyance system for transporting water (to same or different field)

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42 End of Presentation 3

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