TKE1359: Pengolahan Citra Digital1 Joseph Nicéphore Niépce, View from the Window at Le Gras, The first photograph in the world

TKE1359: Pengolahan Citra Digital2 Pengajar dan Textbook Pengajar: - Achmad Hidayatno ( Suggested textbook: – Rinaldi Munir, “ Pengolahan Citra Digital: dengan pendekatan Algoritmik ”, Informatika, 2004 – Anil K. Jain, “ Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing ”, Prentice-Hall 1989 – Any other book with a similar title is fine

TKE1359: Pengolahan Citra Digital3 PENILAIAN UTS 40% UAS 40% TUGAS 20% Rentang Nilai: ≥ 80 : A 70 – 79 : B 56 – 69 : C 45 – 55 : D < 44 : E

TKE1359: Pengolahan Citra Digital4 TUGAS Tugas I – Kelompok 6 mahasiswa – Membuat telaah tugas akhir yang topiknya pengolahan citra digital (TA dapat dibaca di Perpustakaan Jurusan) – Hasil cetakan dikumpulkan pada awal pertemuan ke-6, bagi kelompok yang tidak mengumpulkan maka dianggap tidak mengerjakan tugas. Tugas II – Kelompok 6 mahasiswa – Membuat porgram MATLAB untuk pengolahan citra digital (topik ditentukan oleh dosen) – Hasilnya dikumpulkan pada awal pertemuan ke-13 berupa laporan dicetak dengan senarai program, bagi kelompok yang tidak mengumpulkan maka dianggap tidak mengerjakan tugas.

TKE1359: Pengolahan Citra Digital5 Specific Teaching Objectives By the end of this semester, you will – Know basics of digital image processing including image acquisition, perception, transformation, compression, enhancement, interpolation, restoration, analysis, and so on – Be able to use MATLAB to implement basic image processing algorithms and get familiar with some functions provided by MATLAB image processing toolbox

TKE1359: Pengolahan Citra Digital6 Pokok Bahasan Pendahuluan Matematika 2 Matra Dasar Pengolahan Citra Peningkatan Mutu Citra Penapisan Citra Pendeteksian Tepi Pendeteksian Objek Pemampatan Citra Steganografi dan Watermarking Pemulihan Citra

TKE1359: Pengolahan Citra Digital7 How to Achieve Multimode teaching interface – I will present the course material in four forms: Powerpoint, MATLAB demo, and whiteboard Teaching is two-way communication – I need to know your background better (survey) – I will use one-minute survey to collect the feedback from time to time – Please make the best use of office hours

TKE1359: Pengolahan Citra Digital8 Welcome to Wonderful World Of Digital Image Processing

TKE1359: Pengolahan Citra Digital9 Tour Guide Image Compression Image Manipulation Image Analysis Image Acquisition Image Perception Image Display Image Generation D.I.P. Theme Park

TKE1359: Pengolahan Citra Digital10 A Historical Overview of DIP Newspaper industry used Bartlane cable picture transmission system to send pictures by submarine cable between London and New York in 1920s

TKE1359: Pengolahan Citra Digital11 Early Improvement The number of distinct gray levels coded by Bartlane system was improved from 5 to 15 by the end of 1920s

TKE1359: Pengolahan Citra Digital12 The Born of Digital Computers The images in previous slides are digital; but they are NOT considered as the results of DIP What do we mean by Digital Image Processing – Processing digital images by a digital computer DIP has been dependent on the development of digital computers and other supporting technologies (e.g., data storage, display and transmission)

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TKE1359: Pengolahan Citra Digital14 Soar Into Outer Space The first picture of moon by US spacecraft Ranger 7 on July 31, 1964 at 9:09AM EDT

TKE1359: Pengolahan Citra Digital15 The Born of Computer Tomography Sir Godfrey N. Housefield and Prof. Allan M. Cormack shared 1979 Nobel Prize in Medicine for the invention of CT

TKE1359: Pengolahan Citra Digital16 Acquisition – Digital cameras, scanners – MRI and Ultrasound imaging – Infrared and microwave imaging Transmission – Internet, wireless communication Display – Printers, LCD monitor, digital TV The Boom of Digital Images in the Last 20 Years

TKE1359: Pengolahan Citra Digital17 A Physical Perspective of Image Acquisition Extend the capabilities of human vision systems – From visible spectrum to non-visible electromagnetic power spectrum – From close-distance sensing to remote sensing

TKE1359: Pengolahan Citra Digital18 Visible (I): Photography

TKE1359: Pengolahan Citra Digital19 Visible (II): Motion Pictures

TKE1359: Pengolahan Citra Digital20 Visible (III): Law Enhancement and Biometrics

TKE1359: Pengolahan Citra Digital21 Visible (IV): Light Microscopy Taxol (250  ) Cholesterol (40  )Microprocessor (60  )

TKE1359: Pengolahan Citra Digital22 Visible (V): Remote Sensing Hurricane Andrew taken by NOAA GEOS America at night (Nov. 27, 2000)

TKE1359: Pengolahan Citra Digital23 Beyond Visible (I): Thermal Images Human body disperses heat (red pixels) Different colors indicate varying temperatures Operate in infrared frequency

TKE1359: Pengolahan Citra Digital24 Beyond Visible (II): Radar Images Moutains in Southeast Tibet Operate in microwave frequency

TKE1359: Pengolahan Citra Digital25 Beyond Visible (III): MRI and Astronomy kneespinehead visible infraredradio Operate in radio frequency

TKE1359: Pengolahan Citra Digital26 Beyond Visible (IV): Fluorescence Microscopy normal corn smut corn Operate in ultraviolet frequency

TKE1359: Pengolahan Citra Digital27 Beyond Visible (V): Medical Diagnostics chesthead Operate in X-ray frequency

TKE1359: Pengolahan Citra Digital28 Beyond Visible (VI): PET and Astronomy Positron Emission Tomography Cygnus Loop in the constellation of Cygnus Operate in gamma-ray frequency

TKE1359: Pengolahan Citra Digital29 Other Non-Electro-Magnetic Imaging Modalities Acoustic imaging – Translate “ sound waves ” into image signals Electron microscopy – Shine a beam of electrons through a speciman Fluorescent Microarray Imaging – investigate global changes in gene expression of cells and tissues Synthetic images in Computer Graphics – Computer generated (non-existent in the real world)

TKE1359: Pengolahan Citra Digital30 Acoustic Imaging potential locations of oil/gas visibleseismic

TKE1359: Pengolahan Citra Digital31 Electron Microscope 2500  Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) image of damaged integrated circuit (white fibers are oxides resulting from thermal destruction)

TKE1359: Pengolahan Citra Digital32 Microarray Images Note: Red and green colors correspond to two different fluorescent dyes (e.g., Cy3 and Cy5)

TKE1359: Pengolahan Citra Digital33 Cartoon Pictures (Non- photorealistic)

TKE1359: Pengolahan Citra Digital34 Synthetic Images in Gaming Age of Empire III by Ensemble Studios

TKE1359: Pengolahan Citra Digital35 Virtual Reality (Photorealistic)

TKE1359: Pengolahan Citra Digital36 Graphics in Art

TKE1359: Pengolahan Citra Digital37 Graphics in Medicine

TKE1359: Pengolahan Citra Digital38 Mixture of Graphics and Photos Morgantown, WV in Google Map

TKE1359: Pengolahan Citra Digital39 Summary: Why do we need images? Various imaging modalities help us to see invisible objects due to – Opaqueness (e.g., see through human body) – Far distance (e.g., remote sensing) – Small size (e.g., light microscopy) Other signals (e.g., seismic) can also be translated into images to facilitate the analysis Images are important to convey information and support reasoning A picture is worth a thousand words!

TKE1359: Pengolahan Citra Digital40 Image Display and Perception Display – CRT, LCD, DLP, Plasma, LCOS, D-ILA – HDTV, display wall – PDA, cellular phone, Gameboy – Stereoscopic (3D) Perception – Human Vision System (HVS) – Vision-related diseases and healthcare

TKE1359: Pengolahan Citra Digital41 CRT: Cathode Ray Tube Mitsubishi WS Rear Projection CRT Sony KV34XBR910 Direct View CRT Future: extinction

TKE1359: Pengolahan Citra Digital42 LCD: Liquid Crystal Display Philips 42FD9954 Flat Screen LCD Display Future: bigger, faster, cheaper

TKE1359: Pengolahan Citra Digital43 Virtual Wall NASA Space Shuttle on the display wall, March 1999

TKE1359: Pengolahan Citra Digital44 Display on Mobile Devices cell phone portable DVD Gameboy PDA

TKE1359: Pengolahan Citra Digital45 3D Display

TKE1359: Pengolahan Citra Digital46 The Ultimate Display: Virtual Retinal Display

TKE1359: Pengolahan Citra Digital47 Human Vision System Simultaneous contrast

TKE1359: Pengolahan Citra Digital48 Fascinating Optical Illusions

TKE1359: Pengolahan Citra Digital49 Interpretation Ambiguity Is it seal or donkey? Is it duck or hare?

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TKE1359: Pengolahan Citra Digital52 Effect of sampling resolution on image representation

TKE1359: Pengolahan Citra Digital53 Effect of sampling resolution on image representation

TKE1359: Pengolahan Citra Digital54 Effect of sampling resolution on image representation

TKE1359: Pengolahan Citra Digital55 Effect of number of gray levels on image representation

TKE1359: Pengolahan Citra Digital56 Effect of number of gray levels on image representation

TKE1359: Pengolahan Citra Digital57 Effect of number of gray levels on image representation