An Overview of International Business Pertemuan #1

Pokok Bahasan Perkuliahan Pertemuan Ke POKOK BAHASAN TUGAS Membaca Soal 1 Definisi dan Ruang Lingkup Bisnis Internasional - 2 Sejarah Perdagangan, MNC, dan Globalisasi 3 Perdagangan dan Investasi dalam Bisnis Internasional 4 Teori Dasar Bisnis Internasional 5 Teori Modern Bisnis /Perdagangan Internasional 6 Integrasi Ekonomi dan Lembaga Kerjasama Ekonomi Internasional 7 Sistem Moneter Internasional UJIAN TENGAH SEMESTER (UTS) ©2004 Prentice Hall

UJIAN AKHIR SEMESTER (UAS) 8 Isu-isu pemasaran internasional - 9 Pasar Valuta Asing dan Nilai Tukar (Kurs) 10 Kondisi Sosial Ekonomi terhadap Bisnis Internasional 11 Pemasaran Internasional 12 E-Pemasaran 13 Restriksi Pemasaran 14 Non tariff barriers UJIAN AKHIR SEMESTER (UAS)

Pengertian Perdagangan Internasional (bisnis internasional) Negara B Negara A Barang / Jasa / Capital Barang / Jasa / Capital Batas Wilayah Pabean

Alasan dilakukannya International Trade Perbedaan Sumber Daya Selera Disparitas Harga Supply-demand Laws

Komponen yang terlibat Lebih dari satu negara Pemerintah Swasta Rumah tangga Organisasi Perdagangan Internasional

How Does International Business Differ from Domestic? Currency conversion Legal systems Culture Availability of resources

Why Study International Business? Large organizations Foreign-owned subsidiaries Small businesses Competitors Business techniques and tools Cultural literacy

International Business Activities Exporting and Importing International Investments Licensing, Franchising, and Management Contracts

Exporting and Importing Exporting: selling of products made in one’s own country for use or resale in other countries Importing: buying of products made in other countries for use or resale in one’s own country

Perlu diketahui 53% of Boeing’s aircraft sales are to foreign airlines

Visible and Invisible Trade Trade in Goods Merchandise exports and imports Visible trade Trade in Services Service exports and imports Invisible trade

International Investments Capital supplied by residents of one country to residents of another 2 categories: Foreign direct investments Portfolio investments

Other Forms of International Business Activity Licensing: firm in one country licenses the use of its intellectual property to a firm in a second country in return for a royalty payment Franchising: firm in one country authorizes a firm in another country to utilize its operating system and intellectual property

Management Contracts A firm in one country agrees to operate facilities or provide other management services to a firm in another country for an agreed-upon fee Common in upper-end international hotel industry

This Beijing restaurant is one of 430 that McDonald’s has built in China

Table 1.1 The World’s Largest Corporations – 2002 Rank Name Country Revenues $Mil 1 Wal-Mart Stores U.S. 246,525 2 General Motors 186,763 3 Exxon Mobil 182,466 4 Royal Dutch/Shell Netherlands 179,431 5 BP Britain 178,721 6 Ford Motor 163,871 7 DaimlerChrysler Germany 141,421 8 Toyota Motor Japan 131,754 9 General Electric 131,698 10 Mitsubishi 109,386

Sources of International Commodity Trade Data Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) Commodity Trade Statistics Main Economic Indicators U.S. Census Bureau report of exports and imports United States Commodity Imports and Exports as Related to Output

Supply Curves of Wheat and Textiles Under Constant Cost Conditions FIGURE 2.1 Supply Curves of Wheat and Textiles Under Constant Cost Conditions C1-19

Comparative Opportunity Cost Who Exports What? Necessary to measure joint productivity of all factors (in monetary value). Unit production cost = aggregate resources used in production of one output unit Limits to Mutually Beneficial Exchange

Region of Mutually Beneficial Trade FIGURE 2.2 Region of Mutually Beneficial Trade C1-21

Dynamic Gains from International Trade Static effects—reallocation of resources Dynamic benefits—additional resources available Higher income from more efficient use of resources Increased savings, more resources available for investment Technological spillover Increased size of national market Economies of scale and benefits to economy at large Competitive pressure on prices Product improvement Technological advancement Increased labor pool Infrastructure development Inflation dampening

Tugas Mandiri Identifikasi Kegiatan International Trade Isu-isu yang sedang terjadi saat ini