8 Chapter Organizational Structure Introduction to

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8 Chapter Organizational Structure Introduction to MultiMedia by Stephen M. Peters 2001 South-Western College Publishing

Sasaran Pembelajaran Menjelaskan bagaimana sebuah struktur organisasi boleh digunakan oleh perusahaan untuk mencapai rencana starategisnya. Mengidentifikasi metode-metode yang dapat digunakan untuk tugas-tugas departemenlisasi. MultiMedia by Stephen M. Peters 2001 South-Western College Publishing

Struktur Organisasi Allocation of Employees to Various Job Tasks Organizational Structure Firm’s Expenses Firm's Earnings Firm's Value MultiMedia by Stephen M. Peters 2001 South-Western College Publishing

Struktur Organisasi (Organizational Structure) Mengindentifikasikan tanggung jawab bagi masing-masing jabatan pekerjaan dan hubungan antara jabatan-jabatan itu sendiri. Struktur organisasi perusahaan dapat digambarkan dengan Organizational Chart Bagan Organisasi (Organizational Chart): sebuah diagram yang menunjukkan interaksi diantara tanggungjawab pekerja. Bagan Organisasi CFO Sales Manager Advertising VP of Marketing VP of Operations President Board of Directors Alur Perintah (Chain of Command): mengindentifikasi posisi pekerjaan, kepada siapa karyawan bertanggung jawab MultiMedia by Stephen M. Peters 2001 South-Western College Publishing

Dewan Direksi Jenis-jenis anggota Dewan: Dewan Direksi (Board of Directors): Beberapa orang eksekutif yang bertanggung jawab untuk memonitor kegiatan presiden perusahaan dan para manajer tingkat tinggi lainnya. Jenis-jenis anggota Dewan: Anggota dari dalam Seperti CEO. Anggota dari luar Manajer tingkat tinggi-Firma lain. MultiMedia by Stephen M. Peters 2001 South-Western College Publishing

Elemen-elemen Stuktur Organizational Organizational height Centralization versus decentralization Line versus staff positions Alternative structures Departmentalization MultiMedia by Stephen M. Peters 2001 South-Western College Publishing

(Narrow Span of Control) Short Organizational (Wide Span of Control) Jangkauan Pengawasan Tall Organizational (Narrow Span of Control) Manajemen menentukan rentang kendali (span of control). Jika menyelenggarakan tugas serupa adalah mungkin dipekerjakan suatu jenjang pengawasan lebar CEO President CFO Sales Manager Salesperson Short Organizational (Wide Span of Control) Salesperson 1 Salesperson 2 Salesperson 3 Salesperson 4 Salesperson 5 CEO/President MultiMedia by Stephen M. Peters 2001 South-Western College Publishing

Sentralisasi vs. Desentalisasi Banyak kontrol. Hanya manajer berpengalaman yang membuat keputusan. Bagus untuk sebuah perusahaan yang memiliki permasalahan keuangan. Mengurangi biaya operasional. Pengambilan keputusan yang cepat. Memotivasi pekerja. MultiMedia by Stephen M. Peters 2001 South-Western College Publishing

Perbandingan Lini dan Lini dan & Staf Organisasi Lini dan & Staf Line positions Staff positions CEO/President Legal Department Administrative Assistant Vice-President Marketing Manager Research R&D Manufacturing Organisasi Lini Account Manager CFO Sales Rep Sales Manager VP of Marketing Assembly Line Workers Supervisor VP of Operations President Jabatan lini: Membuat keputusan yang menghasilkan sasaran bisnis spesifik. Bentuk paling sederhana Mungkin sesuai dengan bisnis yang tidak mampu untuk mengadakan posisi staff pendukung. Posisi staf: Mendukung usaha-usaha dari jabatan lini MultiMedia by Stephen M. Peters 2001 South-Western College Publishing

Struktur yang Mengijinkan Lebih Input Pekerja Organisasi Matrik (Matrix organization) Intrapreneurship (Intrapreneurship) MultiMedia by Stephen M. Peters 2001 South-Western College Publishing

Matrix Organization Interaksi diantara anega bagian perusahaan untuk memfokuskan pada proyek tertentu. Keuntungan: Gabungan bakat dan ketrampilan. Keikutsertaan dalam pengambilan keputusan. Kepuasan karyawan lebih besar. Kerugian: Potensial ketiadaan tanggung-jawab. Waktu yang digunakan untuk mengambil bagian dalam proyek mengurangi waktu untuk tugas normal. Karyawan mempunyai dua bos. MultiMedia by Stephen M. Peters 2001 South-Western College Publishing

Intrapreneurship Pekerja ditugaskan untuk menciptakan gagasan seolah-olah dia wirausahawan. Keuntungan: Timbulnya pemikiran inovatif. Kerugian: Menarik karyawan menjauh dari tugas normal. MultiMedia by Stephen M. Peters 2001 South-Western College Publishing

Struktur Organisasi Informal Jaringan komunikasi informal diantara pekerja perusahaan. Keuntungan: Pekerja belajar dari panutan. Mengurangi keterlibatan manajerial. Kerugian: Karyawan memperoleh informasi tidak benar atau salah. Informasi tidak benar dapat berdampak kurang baik buat moral pekerja. MultiMedia by Stephen M. Peters 2001 South-Western College Publishing

Departemenlisasi Departmentalization: penciptaan departemen yang akan medapatkan penugasan. Organisasi dapat didepartemenlisasi: Per fungsi (By function) Per produk (By product) Per lokasi (By location) Per pelanggan (By customer) MultiMedia by Stephen M. Peters 2001 South-Western College Publishing