Modul 10 – Program Pencegahan dan Penanggulangan Kebakaran Orientasi Chevron OE/HES untuk FDT Modul 10 – Program Pencegahan dan Penanggulangan Kebakaran

Tujuan Modul Memahami Bahaya Kebakaran Memahami cara Penanggulangan Kebakaran

O 2 Oxygen Bahan bakar Sumber api Reaksi kimia Empat elemen penting terbentuknya api; BAGAIMANA TERJADINYA API Api adalah reaksi kimia berantai yang diikuti oleh evolusi cahaya dan panas. Bahan bakar O Oxygen 2 Four elements are necessary for fire to occur: FUEL - can be any combustible material - can be in the form of a solid, liquid or gas. OXYGEN - The air we breathe is about 21% oxygen. Fire only needs an atmosphere with at least 16% oxygen to support combustion. And, when fire is burning in an enclosed area, it is consuming the oxygen that is there, which means that there will be less for you to breathe, so do not try to fight a fire in an enclosed area where oxygen could be depleted. HEAT OR IGNITION SOURCE - This is the energy necessary to increase the temperature of the fuel to a point where sufficient vapors are given off for ignition to occur. CHEMICAL REACTION - A chain reaction can occur when the other three elements are present in the proper conditions. Fire occurs when this rapid oxidation, or burning takes place. Sumber api Reaksi kimia

Sumber api di tempat kerja

Hilangkan salah satu factor , dan api tidak akan terbentuk, atau kalaupun menyala, api akan segera padam dengan sendiriya Reaksi kimia Panas Bahan bakar Oksigen By eliminating any one of these elements, a fire can be extinguished. Different types of extinguishers affect these necessary elements. (we will cover this later in the training)

Cara mengendalikan kebakaran Kenali bagaimana, dan mengapa api bisa terjadi, sarankan bagaimana cara mengendalikan, dan padamkan. Pendinginan(Cooling) Menutup aliran bahan bakar (Starvation) Memisahkan Oksigen dengan bahan bakar (Smothering) Menghentikan/memutus reaksi kimia berantai ( Breaking/Interrupting the Chain Reaction) COOLING - In order to extinguish a fire by cooling, it is necessary to remove heat at a greater rate than the total heat is being evolved by the fire; to do this, the cooling agent must reach the burning fuel directly. The most common and practical way to cool a fire is water applied in the form of a solid stream or spray, or incorporated in foam. REMOVING FUEL - Often, taking the fuel away from a fire is difficult. Here are some cases where fuel can be removed: 1. Flammable liquid storage tanks may be arranged so the contents can be pumped to an isolated tank. 2. When flammable gases catch fire as they are flowing from a pipe, the fire will go out if the fuel supply can be shut off. 3. In any mixture of fuel gases or vapors in air, adding an excess of air has the effect of diluting the fuel concentration below the minimum combustible concentration point. LIMITING OXYGEN - This can be done by throwing dirt or sand on the fire, smothering it with an inert gas, or covering it with a foam solution INTERRUPTING THE CHAIN REACTION - The use of dry chemical agents or halogenated agents (halon) interrupts the chemical reaction and extinguishes the fire.

Klasifikasi kebakaran Cara mudah untuk diingat: Bahan mengandung selulose yang meninggalkan arang/abu bila terbakar Peralatan Listrik Class A fires include wood, paper, cloth, etc. Class B fires include liquids such as gasoline, kerosene, crude oil, paint, etc. Class C fires involve electrical equipment such as appliances, switches, panel boxes, and power tools Class D fires include combustible metals such as magnesium, potassium, and sodium. These metals burn at high temperatures and may react violently with water while burning. Metal mudah terbakar Cairan mudah terbakar Cara mudah untuk diingat: Class A - Leaves an Ash/meinggalkan debu Class B- Boils/mendidih Class C - Has Current/Arus Class D - Dense Material/benda padat

Bagaimana mencegah terjadinya api Class A Cara terbaik adalah mencegah terjadinya api! mari kita mengenali suatu tip tindakan pencegahan untuk bermacam macam kelas kebakaran: How can we prevent class A fires???? Keep storage and work areas fee of trash Place oily rags in covered containers Control weed growth to prevent brush fires Do not throw cigarettes or hot material in waste baskets!!! How can we prevent class B fires??? Wait for hot equipment to cool down before re-fueling Keep flammable liquids stored in tightly closed containers When dispensing from storage drums, dispense only the amount that will be used so there is not excess sitting around in containers Store flammable liquids away from spark producing sources Follow bonding and grounding procedures when dispensing liquids ANY OTHERS???? How can we prevent class C fires??? Replace wiring that is in poor condition Prevent motors from overheating by keeping them clean and in good operating condition Use the proper sated fuses Don’t overload wall outlets Follow electrical code requirements when installing electrical equip. Class B Class C

Come on - I’ll fight you with both hands behind my back!!! Jangan padamkan api: * Bila api membesar diluar kontrol * Bila anda tidak bisa memadamkan sambil mundur ke Escape route. * Bila api dapat menutup Escape route, sehingga anda terjebak didalamnya. * Bila anda tidak mempunyai peralatan yang memadai BILA ANDA MENGHADAPI SALAH SATU KONDISI DIATAS, JANGAN MENCOBA UNTUK MEMADAMKAN API SENDIRIAN. Remember - do not put yourself in a high risk situation to fight a fire!! Also, do not try to fight a fire that is too large to be extinguished with a fire extinguisher. Product and equipment can be replaced!! You cannot be replaced!!! Come on - I’ll fight you with both hands behind my back!!!

Halon Extinguisher Bubuk kimia kering (Dry Chemical Extinguisher) Saya benci pemadam api Jeis pemadam api If possible, have an example of the extinguishers at the training Dry Chemical Extinguisher Extinguishes the fire by inhibiting the chemical chain reaction Usually rated for Class B & C fires (some also rated for class A fires) Most often used to fight class B fires - What is a class B fire??? Very messy to use on electrical equipment - residue can cause more damage to equipment than the fire itself The extinguisher will discharge dry chemical for 8-10 seconds and has an effective range of 8-10 feet (depending on wind direction). Carbon Dioxide Extinguisher - or, CO2 Extinguishes the fire by displacing the oxygen and cooling Rated for class B & C fires Most often used to fight class C fires - What is a class C fire??? Use caution when used on Class B fires - if the liquid is very hot, the fire can easily re-ignite The extinguisher will discharge CO2 for 10-15 seconds with an effective range of 6-8 feet indoors and 3-4 feet outdoors - wind can minimize effectiveness Caution - avoid contact with the “horn” nozzle where frost can develop Halon Extinguisher Halon 1211 is rated for Class A, B & C fires - best use is for intricate electric equip. Very clean agent because it leaves no water, foam, or powder residue, Unfortunately it is being phased out due to environmental concerns Halon Extinguisher Bubuk kimia kering (Dry Chemical Extinguisher) Carbon Dioxide (CO2)Extinguisher

P A S Bagaimana cara menggunakan pemadam api jenis Portable ...Pull the Pin/cabut pin, test isi tabung keatas. ...Aim at the base of the flames/Lihat arah angin dan arahkan nozle ke sumber nyala api Here is an easy way to remember how to use an extinguisher - just remember P.A.S.S. and what each letter means Always aim at the base of the fire, that is where the vapors are burning. When fighting a fire outdoors, use the wind to your advantage by aiming the extinguisher with the wind - not against the wind. Also, never turn your back on a fire after you extinguish it - there is a chance that it re-ignite if the material is still hot. Any questions or comments on how to use a fire extinguisher??? ...Squeeze the trigger/tekan handle. ... Sweep the extinguisher from sided to side/Padamkan api dengan cara menyapu dari kedua sisi.

Bagaimana cara memeriksa pemadam api 1. Ketahui lokasi pemadam api. 2. Yakainkan kelas pemadam api aman digunakan untuk kebakaran yang mungkin terjadi. 3. Periksa seal apakah sudah rusak? 4. Perhatikan kondisi pemadam api. Apakah tabung dalam keadan Full. 5. Yakinkan Pin, Nozle dan label dalam keadaan lengkap 6. Alat pemadam api harus di inspeksi secara visual setiap bulan. How often do extinguishers have to be visually inspected??? MONTHLY - this check is required to ensure that the extinguisher is available, in good condition, is fully charged, and to see if the seal is intact - which means that the extinguisher has not been used. Also, do not block extinguishers with materials or equipment - an extinguisher that is blocked or not accessible is not very effective in fighting a fire!!! If you move an extinguisher - be sure to return it to it’s designated location!! If an extinguisher has to go for servicing or be recharged, it is a good idea to put a spare extinguisher in its place if it will be gone for a long period of time.

PERBANDINGAN ALAT PEMADAM API Here is a simple comparison of the different types of extinguishers along with the advantages and disadvantages of each type. Berdirilah jauh dari saya dengan Selang menyemprot

Cara terbaik mencegah terjadinya api adalah memperhatikan potensi bahaya kebakaran, dan melenyapkannya Sebelum mulai suatu pekerjaan, rencanakan dan yakinkan tempat kerja anda dalam keadaan safe dan bebas dari potensi bahaya. Luangkan waktu sejenak untuk familiarisasi dengan jenis jenis pemadam api ,dan ketahuilah kemampuannya. Pencegahan dan persiapan adalah kunci untuk mengendalikan api secara efektif. What is required for a fire to start????? Heat Oxygen Fuel Chemical reaction that ties these things together Prevention and preparation are the keys to fighting fires!!!!! Any questions or comments on the use of fire extinguishers or anything that we covered today??? Remember - The best way to fight a fire is to prevent it from happening in the first place. Have a safe day!!!! Ingat, bila anda memberi panas yang cukup , oksigen dan bahan bakar - saya tinggal menunggu untuk menyala dihadapan anda