SISTEM TRACTUS DIGESTIVUS ariesmunandar80@ymail.com

PENGERTIAN Sistem Pencernaan Makanan adalah suatu sistem yang mempelajari tentang Proses terjadinya pencernaan makanan yang masuk kedalam tubuh Manusia mulai dari Cavum Oris sampai sisa hasil pencernaan dikeluarkan dari tubuh melalui Anus, melingkupi Struktur dan Fungsinya.

ORGAN SISTEM PENCERNAAN CAVUM ORIS, ( OROPHARYNX, GIGI-GELIGI, LIDAH, GLANDULA SALIVA, dll) ESOPHAGUS GASTER DUODENUM JEJENUM ILEUM COLON ASCENDEN COLON TRANSVERSUM COLON DESCENDEN SIGMOID REC TUM ANUS

INDERA LIDAH Lidah Lidah berfungsi sebagai indera pengecap Indera pengecap tersebut terletak pada bagian permukaan atas terbagi menjadi beberapa daerah yang peka terhadap rasa yang berbeda-beda (manis, pahit, asin dan asam) Permukaan lidah juga dapat merasakan panas, dingin, kasar, halus dan nyeri.

LIVER- HATI Fungsi hati Hati melakukan lebih dari 500 fungsi, termasuk: • Pengolahan nutrisi dari makanan; • Menyimpan energi; • Menyaring bahan kimia beracun dan bakteri dari tubuh; • Pengolahan ALKOHOL; • Memproduksi protein tertentu dan LEMAK, termasuk kolesterol), * mengendalikan metabolisme • Menyimpan BESI ; • Membuat vitamin tertentu, termasuk Vitamin A; • Membantu pembekuan darah dan • pengolahan obat-obatan.

SYSTEM DIGESTIVUS

GASTER

DUODENUM

COLON ASCENDENCE, TRANSVERSUM, DESCENDENCE

KONTROL SARAF DI SISTEM PENCERNAAN

SUPLAI DARAH SISTEM PENCERNAAN Cavum Oris mendapat suplai darah dari Carotis Interna dan a.Yugularis Yu Gularis interna. Oesophagus mendapat suplai darah dr pleff Plexus splanichus Gaster mendapat suplai darah dari a.a gastric Gastrica. Duodenum mendapat darah dari a, me m Senterium Colon mendapat suplai darah dari ……

CAIRAN LIMFE KOMPOSISI CAIRAN LIMFE PEMBULUH LIMFE AIR RENDAH PROTEIN TDK ADA SEL-SEL DARAH LIMFOSIT FIBRINOGEN GRANULA LEMAK Hormon Thyroid KAPILER LIMFE PEMBULUH LIMFE NODUS LINFATISI REGIONAL CYSTERNA CHILY DUCTUS THORAXICUS

KOMPOSISI ELEKTROLIT TUBUH PLASMA CSF Na+ 150 147 K+ 4,6 2,9 Mg2+ 1,6 2,2 Ca2+ 4,7 2,3 Cl- 99 113 HCO3- 24,8 25,1 PCO2- 39,5 50,2 pH 7,40 7,33

KOMPISISI BAHAN ORGANIK ORGANIC MATTERS PLASMA CSF Protein 6000 20 Glucose 100 64 P. Organic 4,7 3,4 Urea 15 12 Kreatinin 1,2 1,5 Asam Urat 5 0,2 Kolesterol 175 18 Asam Lactat 21

LARYNX TUTORIALS: LOCATION and FUNCTIONS GENERAL ANATOMY THYROID and CRICOID CARTILAGES EPIGLOTTIS ARYTENOID, CORNICULATE, & CUNEIFORM CARTILAGES VOCAL and VESTIBULAR FOLDS GLOTTIS PHONATION (= Production of voice sounds) INSTRINSIC MUSCLES LARYNX

Respiratory pigments increase the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. Humans have the red-colored pigment hemoglobin as their respiratory pigment. Hemoglobin increases the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood between 65 and 70 times. Each red blood cell has about 250 million hemoglobin molecules, and each milliliter of blood contains 1.25 X 1015 hemoglobin molecules. Oxygen concentration in cells is low (when leaving the lungs blood is 97% saturated with oxygen), so oxygen diffuses from the blood to the cells when it reaches the capillaries.

Respiratory pigments increase the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. Humans have the red-colored pigment hemoglobin as their respiratory pigment. Hemoglobin increases the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood between 65 and 70 times. Each red blood cell has about 250 million hemoglobin molecules, and each milliliter of blood contains 1.25 X 1015 hemoglobin molecules. Oxygen concentration in cells is low (when leaving the lungs blood is 97% saturated with oxygen), so oxygen diffuses from the blood to the cells when it reaches the capillaries. Respiratory pigments increase the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. Humans have the red-colored pigment hemoglobin as their respiratory pigment. Hemoglobin increases the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood between 65 and 70 times. Each red blood cell has about 250 million hemoglobin molecules, and each milliliter of blood contains 1.25 X 1015 hemoglobin molecules. Oxygen concentration in cells is low (when leaving the lungs blood is 97% saturated with oxygen), so oxygen diffuses from the blood to the cells when it reaches the capillaries.

Carbon dioxide concentration in metabolically active cells is much greater than in capillaries, so carbon dioxide diffuses from the cells into the capillaries. Water in the blood combines with carbon dioxide to form bicarbonate. This removes the carbon dioxide from the blood so diffusion of even more carbon dioxide from the cells into the capillaries continues yet still manages to "package" the carbon dioxide for eventual passage out of the body. In the alveoli capillaries, bicarbonate combines with a hydrogen ion (proton) to form carbonic acid, which breaks down into carbon dioxide and water. The carbon dioxide then diffuses into the alveoli and out of the body with the next exhalation.

Gas exchange across capillary and alveolus walls

Suplai Darah ke Ginjal ATRIUM Sinistra  Ventricle Sinistra  Aorta Thoracalis  Aorta Abdominalis  Arteri Renalis

Tipe-Tipe Nefron 1. Nefron Kortikal Terletak di bagian korteks ginjal Sebagian besar nefron termasuk ke dalam tipe ini.

2. Nefron Juxtamedular Terletak di bagian medula ginjal

E. Vesica Urinaria

Peran Hypothalamus Osmoregulasi Haus Minum air dalam Jumlah cukup Pusat Pengaturan Osmoregulasi Minum air dalam Jumlah cukup Penyerapan air Memulihkan kekurangan Cairan tubuh STIMULUS: Ketika kadar air pada tubuh Berkurang Misalnya pada saat panas hari, atau berolah raga, maka tubuh menstimulus hipotalamus Kadar Cairan Tubuh Normal (Homeostasis) Hypothalamus ADH Hipofisis Posterior meningkatkan Haus Tubulus Pengumpul Tubulus Ginjal

TERIMA KASIH