KEWIRAUSAHAAN dan Etika Bisnis Manajemen dan Bisnis Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Padjadjaran Bandung

Business An organisation that provides goods or services to earn profit

Profits The difference between a business’s revenues and its expenses In business profit could be divine into: Tangible : Asset, Money, Factory, etc Intangible : Trust, Image, Goodwill, etc

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THE MEANING OF ETHICS Ethics is a set of rules that define right and wrong conduct Business ethics is the application of general ethical rules to business behavior

Why Is Business Ethics Important? The general public expects business to exhibit high levels of ethical performance and social responsibility To prevent harm to society To protect business firms from abuse by unethical employees or unethical competitors

Why Ethical Problems Occur in Business? Personal gain Individual values in conflict with organizational goals Managers’ values and attitudes Competitive Pressures Cross-cultural contradictions

Three Methods of Ethical Reasoning CRITICAL DETERMINING FACTOR AN ACTION IS ETHICAL WHEN… LIMITATIONS Utilitarian Comparing benefits and profits Net benefits exceed net costs Difficult to measure some human and social costs. Majority may disregard rights of minority Rights Respecting rights Basic human rights are respected Difficult to balance conflicting rights Justice Distributing fair shares Benefits and costs are fairly distributed Difficult to measure benefits and costs. Lack of agreement on fair shares

Social Responsibility... an organization’s obligation to maximize its positive impact on stakeholders and to minimize its negative impact includes legal, ethical, economic, and philanthropic (discretionary) dimensions

Legal Dimension... refers to obeying governmental laws and regulations civil law: rights & duties of individuals and organizations criminal law: prohibits specific actions and imposes fines and/or imprisonment as punishment for breaking the law

Ethical Dimension... behaviors and activities that are expected or prohibited by organizational members, the community, and society (not codified into law) standards, norms, or expectations that reflect the concern of major stakeholders

Economic Responsibilities... how resources for the production of goods and services are distributed within the social system Do you think consumers favor socially responsible companies or are they most enamored with companies that maximize profits?

Foundation principles of corporate social responsibility

The pros and cons of corporate social responsibility Arguments for corporate social responsibility Arguments against corporate social responsibility Balances corporate power with responsibility. Lowers economic efficiency and profit. Discourages government regulation. Imposes unequal costs among competitors. Promotes long-term profits for business. Imposes hidden costs passed on to stakeholders. Responds to changing stakeholders’ demands. Requires social skills business may lack. Corrects social problems caused by business. Places responsibility on business rather than individuals.

Two views of corporate social responsibility The shareholder view The only social responsibility of business is to create shareholder wealth. Corporate management cannot decide what is in the social interest. The costs of social responsibility which do not increase the value of stock, will be passed on to consumers. The multiple stakeholders view All customers and employees are treated with dignity. Relationships with suppliers must be based on mutual trust. Belief in fair economic competition. Business can contribute to social reform and honor human rights.