Why Oracle ? By Mazmur Tarigan Email : Oluckysat@gmail.com

Database Foxpro, DB-plus, Clipper : .dbf Microsoft Access :.mdb Microsoft Exel:.xls Paradox :.db MySQL Sybase MS-SQL Server * Oracle * * Mendapat perhatian khusus bagi software development di Indonesia. Dan akan dilihat perbandingannya 5/28/2005 By Mazmur Tarigan

Platform comparison SQL Server 2000 only works on Windows-based platforms, including Windows 9x, Windows NT and Windows 2000. In comparison with SQL Server 2000, Oracle 9i Database supports all known platforms, including Windows-based platforms, AIX-Based Systems, Compaq Tru64 UNIX, HP 9000 Series HP-UX, Linux Intel, Sun Solaris and so on. 5/28/2005 By Mazmur Tarigan

Hardware requirements Processor Pentium 166 MHz or higher Memory 32 MB RAM (minimum for Desktop Engine), 64 MB RAM (minimum for all other editions), 128 MB RAM or more recommended Hard disk space 270 MB (full installation), 250 MB (typical), 95 MB (minimum), Desktop Engine: 44 MB Analysis Services: 50 MB minimum and 130 MB typical English Query: 80 MB To install SQL Server 2000, you should have the Intel or compatible platforms and the following hardware: 5/28/2005 By Mazmur Tarigan

Hardware requirements… Processor Pentium 166 MHz or higher Memory RAM: 128 MB (256 MB recommended) Virtual Memory: Initial Size 200 MB, Maximum Size 400 MB Hard disk space 140 MB on the System Drive plus 4.5 GB for the Oracle Home Drive (FAT) or 2.8 GB for the Oracle Home Drive (NTFS) To install Oracle 9i Database under the UNIX Systems, such as AIX-Based Systems, Compaq Tru64 UNIX, HP 9000 Series HP-UX, and Sun Solaris, you should have the following hardware: A minimum of 512 MB RAM Swap Space A minimum of 2 x RAM or 400 MB, whichever is greater 4.5 GB Oracle 9i supports Intel or compatible platforms, AIX-Based Systems, Compaq Tru64 UNIX, HP 9000 Series HP-UX, Linux Intel, Sun Solaris and so on. To install Oracle 9i under the Intel or compatible platforms, you should have the following hardware: 5/28/2005 By Mazmur Tarigan

Software requirements SQL Server 2000 comes in six editions: Enterprise, Standard, Personal, Developer, Desktop Engine, and SQL Server CE (a compatible version for Windows CE) and requires the following software: Operating System Enterprise Edition Standard Edition Personal Edition Developer Edition Desktop Engine SQL Server CE Windows CE No Yes Windows 9x Windows NT 4.0 Workstation with Service Pack 5 Windows NT 4.0 Server with Service Pack 5 Windows NT 4.0 Server Enterprise Edition with Service Pack 5 5/28/2005 By Mazmur Tarigan

Software requirements… Oracle 9i Database comes in three editions: Enterprise, Standard and Personal and requires the following software: Platform Operating System Version Required Patches Windows-based Windows NT 4.0 Service Pack 5 Windows 2000 Service Pack 1 Windows XP Not Necessary AIX-Based AIX 4.3.3 Maintenance Level 09 and IY24568, IY25282, IY27614, IY30151 AIX 5.1 AIX 5L release 5.1 ML01+ (IY22854), IY26778, IY28766, IY28949, IY29965, IY30150 Compaq Tru64 UNIX Tru64 5.1 5.1 patchkit 4 Tru64 5.1A 5.1A patchkit 1 HP-UX HP-UX version 11.0 (64-bit) Sept. 2001 Quality Pack, PHCO_23792, PHCO_24148, PHKL_24268, PHKL_24729, PHKL_ 25475, PHKL_25525, PHNE_24715, PHSS_23670, PHSS_24301, PHSS_24303, PHSS_24627, PHSS_22868 Linux SuSE Linux Enterprise Server 7 (or SLES-7) with kernel 2.4.7, and glibc 2.2.2 Sun Solaris Solaris 32-Bit 2.6 (5.6), 7 (5.7) or 8 (5.8) Solaris 64-Bit 8 (5.8) Update 5 5/28/2005 By Mazmur Tarigan

Performance comparison It is very difficult to make the performance comparison between SQL Server 2000 and Oracle 9i Database. The performance of your databases depends rather from the experience of the database developers and database administrator than from the database's provider. You can use both of these RDBMS to build stable and efficient system. However, it is possible to define the typical transactions, which used in inventory control systems, airline reservation systems and banking systems. After defining these typical transactions, it is possible to run them under the different database management systems working on the different hardware and software platforms. 5/28/2005 By Mazmur Tarigan

Price comparison Compare pricing for SQL Server 2000 Standard Edition and Oracle9i Standard Edition: Number of CPUs Oracle9i Standard Edition SQL Server 2000 Standard Edition 1 $15,000 $4,999 2 $30,000 $9,998 4 $60,000 $19,996 8 $120,000 $39,992 16 $240,000 $79,984 32 $480,000 $159,968 5/28/2005 By Mazmur Tarigan

Price comparison… Compare pricing for SQL Server 2000 Enterprise Edition (which include OLAP and Data Mining) and Oracle9i Enterprise Edition with OLAP and/or Data Mining: Number of CPUs Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Oracle9i Enterprise Edition with OLAP or Data Mining Oracle9i Enterprise Edition With OLAP and Data Mining SQL Server 2000 Enterprise Edition 1 $40,000 $60,000 $80,000 $19,999 2 $120,000 $160,000 $39,998 4 $240,000 $320,000 $79,996 8 $480,000 $640,000 $159,992 16 $960,000 $1,280,000 $319,984 32 $1,920,000 $2,560,000 $639,968 5/28/2005 By Mazmur Tarigan

T-SQL vs PL/SQL The dialect of SQL supported by Microsoft SQL Server 2000 is called Transact-SQL (T-SQL). The dialect of SQL supported by Oracle 9i Database is called PL/SQL. PL/SQL is more powerful language than T-SQL. This is the brief comparison of PL/SQL and T-SQL: Feature PL/SQL T-SQL Indexes B-Tree indexes, Bitmap indexes, Partitioned indexes, Function-based indexes, Domain indexes B-Tree indexes Tables Relational tables, Object tables, Temporary tables, Partitioned tables, External tables, Index organized tables Relational tables, Temporary tables Triggers BEFORE triggers, AFTER triggers, INSTEAD OF triggers, Database Event triggers AFTER triggers, INSTEAD OF triggers Procedures PL/SQL statements, Java methods, third-generation language (3GL) routines T-SQL statements Arrays Supported Not Supported 5/28/2005 By Mazmur Tarigan

SQL Server 2000 and Oracle 9i limits Here you can find some SQL Server 2000 and Oracle 9i Database limits: Feature SQL Server 2000 Oracle 9i Database database name length 128 8 column name length 30 index name length table name length view name length stored procedure name length max columns per index 16 32 max char() size 8000 2000 max varchar() size 4000 max columns per table 1024 1000 max table row length 8036 255000 max query size 16777216 recursive subqueries 40 64 constant string size in SELECT 16777207 constant string size in WHERE 5/28/2005 By Mazmur Tarigan

Introduction

Pengenalan Oracle Oracle Server adalah relational database management system(RDBMS) RDBMS adalah perangkat lunak untuk membuat dan mengelola database, sering juga disebut database engine. 5/28/2005 By Mazmur Tarigan

RDBMS 5/28/2005 By Mazmur Tarigan

Database 5/28/2005 By Mazmur Tarigan

Kemampuan Dapat bekerja di lingkungan client/server(pemprosesan tersebar) Menangani manajemen space dan basis data yang besar Mendukung akses secara simultan Performansi pemrosesan transaksi yang tinggi Menjamin ketersediaan yang terkontrol Lingkungan yang terreplikasi 5/28/2005 By Mazmur Tarigan

Arsitektur Oracle Oracle Database * Oracle Instance (memory, process, dan files) * Oracle Database akan dikupas berkaitan dengan tujuan training sekarang untuk database developer. 5/28/2005 By Mazmur Tarigan

… Oracle Database Physical Database Structure Datafiles : menyimpan table dan objek database Redo Log Files : menyimpan info yang dibutuhkan untuk proses Recovery, yaitu bila terjadi crash pada sistem, maka Oracle berusaha memperbaikinya melaui Redo Log Files Control Files : Berisi info berupa konfigurasi, lokasi data dan redo-log files, start database instance dan lainnya. 5/28/2005 By Mazmur Tarigan

… Oracle Database (1) Logical Database Structure Tablespace : mengelompokkan objek database menjadi satu kesatuan. Tablespace menyimpan data dalam datafiles yang secara fisik tersebar dalam satu atau beberapa disk. Data Schema : kumpulan dari objek database yang disebut sebagai schema objects. 5/28/2005 By Mazmur Tarigan

… Oracle Database (2) Data schema : Table : berisi nama table, kolom, baris(record) yang merupakan basic dari database. Cluster: himpunan tabel yang secara fisik disimpan bersama sebagai sebuah tabel yang mempunyai kolom bersama. Index : digunakan untuk mencari data secara lebih cepat ketimbang pencarian sekuensial. View : tampilan dari satu atau beberapa tabel yang dikoleksi melalui instruksi SQL. Stored Procedure : instruksi SQL yang dibungkus dalam bentuk program dan dieksekusi seperti fungsi atau prosedur dalam bahasa pemrograman. Triggers : instruksi SQL seperti prosedur yang dijalankan berdasarkan suatu kejadian(event) Sequence : secara otomatis membuat nomor urut(tersusun) dan tunggal(unique) yang digunakan oleh aplikasi untuk menjamin integritas data. 5/28/2005 By Mazmur Tarigan

Create Database Untuk memulai membuat sebuat database : Start  oracle – orahome90  configuration and migration tools  Database Configuration Assistant * Sebaiknya create database dilakukan oleh DBA saja, dalam hal ini instruktur 5/28/2005 By Mazmur Tarigan

Create Database (1) 5/28/2005 By Mazmur Tarigan

Create Database (2) 5/28/2005 By Mazmur Tarigan

Create Database (3) 5/28/2005 By Mazmur Tarigan

Create Database (4) 5/28/2005 By Mazmur Tarigan

Create Database (5) 5/28/2005 By Mazmur Tarigan

Create Database (5)… 5/28/2005 By Mazmur Tarigan

Create Database (6) 5/28/2005 By Mazmur Tarigan

Create Database (7) 5/28/2005 By Mazmur Tarigan

Create Database (8) 5/28/2005 By Mazmur Tarigan

Create Database (9) 5/28/2005 By Mazmur Tarigan

Create Database (10) 5/28/2005 By Mazmur Tarigan

Create Database (11) 5/28/2005 By Mazmur Tarigan

Create Database (12) 5/28/2005 By Mazmur Tarigan

Create Database (12)… 5/28/2005 By Mazmur Tarigan

Operate Database 5/28/2005 By Mazmur Tarigan

SQL * Plus Aplikasi pada oracle server yang digunakan untuk memanipulasi instruksi SQL, pemrograman PL/SQL dan menjalankan instruksi Administrasi database. Memulai SQL * Plus dengan mengaktifkannya dari menu Start  oracle – orahome90  application development  SQL Plus 5/28/2005 By Mazmur Tarigan

SQL * Plus (1) 5/28/2005 By Mazmur Tarigan

SQL * Plus (2) User name adalah login yang diperlukan untuk mendapat akses database Password umumnya diberikan oleh DBA(DB-Administrator) Connect String adalah teks yang diperlukan untuk melakukan koneksi, umumnya adalah nama server. 5/28/2005 By Mazmur Tarigan

SQL * Plus (3) 5/28/2005 By Mazmur Tarigan

SQL * Plus (4) Beberapa cara untuk menjalankan SQL adalah sebagai berikut : Dengan semi-kolom pada akhir baris : SQL> select * from tab; Dengan tanda / pada baris berikutnya : SQL> select * from tab 2 / 5/28/2005 By Mazmur Tarigan

Table (Basic) Data Definition Language (DDL) CREATE TABLE ALTER TABLE DROP TABLE 5/28/2005 By Mazmur Tarigan

Table – Create table … Table name : mahasiswa Nim char(8), Structure : Nama varchar2(25), Jk char(1), Alamat varchar2(50), Kota varchar2(10) SQL> create TABLE mahasiswa( 2 Nim char(8), 3 Nama varchar2(25), 4 jk char(1), 5 alamat varchar2(50), 6 kota varchar2(10) 7 ); Table created. * Coba masukkan data mahasiswa yang sama 5/28/2005 By Mazmur Tarigan

Table – Create table … SQL> Insert into mahasiswa values(‘0001’,’Nurlela’,’P’,’Jl. Damar’,’Padang’); SQL> Insert into mahasiswa values(‘0002’,’Azijah’,’P’,’Jl. Yamin’,’Pariaman’); SQL> Insert into mahasiswa values(‘0001’,’Yanto’,’L’,’Jl. Damar’,’Padang’); SQL> Select * from mahasiswa; SQL> drop TABLE mahasiswa; Table dropped. SQL> create TABLE mahasiswa( 2 Nim char(8), 3 Nama varchar2(25), 4 jk char(1), 5 alamat varchar2(50), 6 kota varchar2(10), 7 CONSTRAINT PK_MHS PRIMARY KEY(Nim) 8 ); Table created. * Coba lagi memasukkan data yang sama 5/28/2005 By Mazmur Tarigan

Case Study Createlah tabel : Mahasiswa Matakuliah Nilai Sesuai dengan struktur tabel yang sudah anda buat. Masukkan data kedalam masing-masing table, minima : 5 record untuk table mahasiswa 3 record untuk table matakuliah 15 record untuk table Nilai 5/28/2005 By Mazmur Tarigan

SQL Dasar Searching : Select dengan operator ( = , !=, < >, < , >, <=, >=, LIKE ) Penentuan Baris : Where (OR, AND, NOT). Juga bisa menggunakan BETWEENdan IN Pengurutan : ORDER BY Kolom Nilai secara unik : DISTINCT Operasi Aritmatika : (+, -, *, /, %) 5/28/2005 By Mazmur Tarigan

SQL Dasar Pengelompokan : GROUP BY Subquery : NESTED SQL Penambahan baris : INSERT Pengubahan baris : UPDATE Penghapusan Baris : DELETE Fungsi Agregate Dasar : AVG,COUNT, MAX, MIN, SUM 5/28/2005 By Mazmur Tarigan

SQL Dasar Fungsi – fungsi String : ASCII : ASCII(char) CHAR : CHAR(ascii) LOWER UPPER LTRIM RTRIM REPLICATE : REPLICATE(‘AIM’,’3’) SUBSTRING : SUBSTRING(‘STMIK JAYA NUSA’,7,4) 5/28/2005 By Mazmur Tarigan