READING IN UN 2011
MATERI SULIT UN Menentukan informasi tersirat. Menentukan makna kata. Menentukan pesan moral. Menentukan informasi rinci tersurat. Menentukan kata benda dan kata keterangan yang tepat untuk melengkapi teks
READING MICRO SKILLS (UN 2011) Skimming Scanning Making inferences (implicitly stated information) Reading for references
SKIMMING High speed reading to get the general sense of the text Kemampuan untuk menentukan ► gambaran umum teks/topik teks ► pikiran utama
SCANNING High speed reading to get specific information in the text Kemampuan untuk menentukan ► informasi tertentu ► informasi rinci tersurat
MAKING INFERENCES Finding implicitly stated information in the text Kemampuan untuk menentukan ► tujuan komunikasi teks ► pesan moral suatu teks ► makna kata/frasa/kalimat ► informasi tersirat lainnya
HOW TO MAKE INFERENCES? Use other reading skills Use any clues in the text Use background knowledge Use contexts
TYPES OF QUESTIONS GAMBARAN UMUM PIKIRAN UTAMA INFORMASI RINCI TERSURAT INFORMASI TERTENTU INFORMASI TERSIRAT RUJUKAN KATA MAKNA KATA/FRASA/KALIMAT
DEDUCING MEANINGS OF WORDS/PHRASES/SENTENCES Use lexical analysis (prefixes, roots, suffixes, etc) Guess at meaning (of words, idioms, phrases, etc) Use grammar
REFERENCES Referring words are those that ‘point’ to something in a text. They make links - by referring BACK to something previously mentioned in the text - by pointing forward to something further on
SOME PRINCIPAL STRATEGIES FOR READING COMPREHENSION (Brown, 2004) Identify your purpose in reading a text Apply spelling rules and conventions for bottom-up decoding Use lexical analysis (prefixes, roots, suffixes, etc) to determine meaning Guess at meaning (of words, idioms, etc) when you aren’t certain Skim the text for the gist and for main ideas
MAKNA KATA/FRASA/KALIMAT Makna kata dalam teks Sinonim kata dalam teks Antonim kata dalam teks Definisi kata dalam teks
Scan the text for specific information (names, dates, key words) Use silent reading techniques for rapid processing Use marginal notes, outlines, or semantic maps for understanding and retaining information Distinguish between literal and implied meanings Capitalize on discourse markers to process relationships